The Impact of Simulation-Based Teaching Module Involving Virtual Dissection on Anatomy Curriculum Delivery

Background: Knowledge of anatomy, one of the core preclinical subjects, is very important for medical undergraduates to have a thorough understanding of various clinical conditions. The traditional method of learning anatomy involves dissection of human cadavers. Medical education system is entering an era in which the traditional teaching methods are being supplemented by newer technological teaching techniques. Simulation based teaching like virtual dissection table “Anatomage” can enhance the understanding and retaining capacity of the subject. The aim of the study is to determine the perception of virtual dissection, among students and staff and to compare the knowledge acquired through simulation based teaching and traditional teaching method. Material and Method: The study comprised of 150 first-year MBBS students who attended regular theory class on ‘joints of musculoskeletal system’ and answered pre-test. The students were divided into two groups, based on teaching method, one which involved the use of a virtual dissection table, and the other, involving the use of cadaveric dissection. The students were made to attempt the post-test. The students were then assessed based on their responses to the pre- and post-tests. Feedback on the overall utility of the table from both students and staff was taken. Results: The mean post-test scores were significantly higher than the mean pre-test scores, irrespective of the teaching method used. (p<0.001) However, the students who were exposed to the virtual dissection table scored comparatively better in the post-test than those exposed to cadaveric dissection. (p<0.001) 100% of the faculty and 93.3% of the students agreed that three-dimensional visualization improves understanding of anatomical structures. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that though cadaveric dissection and virtual dissection enhance learning, the students tend to perform better with virtual dissection. The incorporation of simulation-based teaching into the Anatomy curriculum is essential to supplement traditional cadaveric dissection and ensure engaging as well as high impact delivery of the curriculum.

Comparación del rendimiento académico basado en metodología TBL y metodología tradicional de enseñanza en estudiantes de odontología en Santiago de Chile / Comparison of academic. Performance based on TBL methodology and traditional teaching methodology in dentistry students in Santiago de Chile

INTRODUCCION Con el pasar de los años han surgido metodologías activas de enseñanza, donde el estudiante pasa a tener un rol protagonista. La metodología activa Team Based Learning (TBL) promueve la participación de los estudiantes tanto de manera individual como grupal permitiendo fomentar el aprendizaje y aplicar contenidos enseñados. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el rendimiento académico obtenido por los estudiantes en la asignatura de cariología mediante metodología tradicional en los años 2016, 2017 y 2018; y metodología TBL en el año 2019. MATERIAL Y METODOS Se realizó un diseño analítico transversal donde se compararon los promedios de calificaciones de certámenes 1 y 2 de cariología de los estudiantes de la carrera de Odontología de la Universidad Finis Terrae entre los años 2016 y 2019; dicha población se estratificó en función de año académico y tipo de metodología. RESULTADOS Los resultados muestran que el promedio de las calificaciones de los certámenes 1 y 2 de cariología obtenido por los estudiantes mediante metodología tradicional de aprendizaje fue de 4,79 y mediante metodología TBL es de 5,01, existiendo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre ambos grupos de estudio (p = 0,03). CONCLUSION El rendimiento académico en cariología, obtenido por los estudiantes mediante metodología TBL el año 2019 fue significativamente mayor que aquel obtenido por los estudiantes mediante metodología tradicional en los años 2016, 2017 y 2018.

INTRODUCTION Over the years, active teaching methodologies have emerged, where the student play a leading role. The active Team Based Learning (TBL) methodology promotes participation of students both individually and in groups allowing to promote the learning and applying taught content. The aim of this study was to compare the academic performanc he students in the subject of cariology through traditional methodology in the years 2016, 2017 and 2018; and TBL methodology in 2019. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional analytical design was conducted where the grade point of test 1 and 2 of cariology of Dentistry students from University Finis Terrae between the years 2016 and 2019, were averaged. The population was stratified according to academic year and type of methodology. RESULTS The results show that the average of the qualifications of test 1 and 2 of cariology obtained by students through traditional learning methodology was 4.79 and through TBL methodology is 5.01, there being a statistically significant difference between both study groups (p = 0.03). CONCLUSION The academic performance in cariology, obtained by the students through the TBL methodology on year 2019 was significantly higher than that obtained by the students through the methodology traditional in the years 2016, 2017 and 2018

Evaluación de la formación ética en la psicología colombiana / Evaluation of Ethical Training in Colombian Psychology / Avaliação da formação ética em psicologia colombiana

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación dirigida a evaluar la formación ética recibida en los estudios de psicología, que hizo parte del Proyecto "Razona-miento y juicio ético de profesionales de la psicología en Iberoamérica, estudio en Colombia". Para ello, se utilizó una metodología multimétodo con grupos focales en seis campos del ejercicio profesional, un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos y una escala de valoración de la formación ética, adaptada de Pope et al. (1987). Respondieron la escala 528 psicólogas y psicólogos de diferentes regiones del país, la mayoría egresados después de la Ley 1090 de 2006. En los grupos foca-les participaron 44 psicólogas y 17 psicólogos, con experiencia en el respectivo campo disciplinar. El 86.3 % calificó como buena o excelente la formación recibida en el programa de grado, lo mismo que la mayoría de quienes la recibieron en programas de posgrado o de educación continua. En los grupos focales se comentaron las falencias de la formación ética en los programas académicos y se hicieron recomendaciones para orientarla a modelos situados, previa preparación de los docentes. Se resaltó la importancia del Colegio Colombiano de Psicólogos (Colpsic), en la función de promover espacios para análisis y discusión ética de casos, y la función de la Asociación Colombiana de Facultades de Psicología (Ascofapsi), en la promoción de una educación ética de calidad en los programas de psicología. Se discuten los resultados a la luz del proyecto y de la literatura especializada

An investigation aimed at evaluating the ethical ed-ucation received by psychologists is presented. This research is part of the project "Ethical reasoning and judgement of psychologists in Iberoamerica, a study in Colombia". A multi-method study was applied, with focus groups in six professional areas, a sociodemo-graphic data questionaire and a scale evaluating ethics education, adapted from Pope et al. (1987). The scale was responded by 528 psychologists from different parts of the country, most of them graduated after the Act 1090 of 2006. Participants in the focus groups were 44 females and 17 males, with experience in the respective professional area. Results showed that 86.3 % of the participants qualified as good or excellent the ethics education in their graduate program, similar to the majority who received ethics education in their postgraduate or continued education programs. In the focus groups, commentaries about deficiencies in the academic programs were made, and also recom-mendations to orient ethics education towards situat-ed models, with previous preparation of professors. The importance of the role of Colpsic ­Colombian Psychologists College­ in the promotion of spaces for ethical analysis and discusión, and of the role of Ascofapsi ­Colombian Association of Psychology Programs­ in promoting an ethical education of quality in the psychology programs were emphasized. Results are discussed in the light of the wider project and the specialized literature

Apresenta-se a investigação dirigida a avaliar a for-mação ética recebida nos estudos de psicologia, no marco do Projeto "Raciocínio e Julgamento Ético dos Profissionais da Psicologia na Ibero-América, Estudo na Colômbia". Utilizou-se uma metodologia multi-método, com grupos focais em seis campos do exercício profissional, um questionário de dados socio-demográficos e uma escala de valoração da formação ética, adaptada de Pope et al. (1987). Responderam a escala 528 psicólogas e psicólogos de diferentes re-giões do país, a maioria formados após a Lei 1090 de 2006. Nos grupos focais participaram 44 psicólogas e 17 psicólogos, com experiencia no respectivo campo disciplinar. O 86.3 % avaliaram como boa ou excelen-te a formação recebida no programa de grado, assim como a maioria daqueles formados em programas de pós-graduação e de educação contínua. Nos grupos focais se identificaram-se falências da formação éticas nos programas acadêmicos e fizeram-se recomendações para orientá-la a modelos situados, previa preparação dos docentes. Destacou-se a importância do Colégio Colombiano de Psicólogos (Colpsic) na função de promover espaços para analisar e discutir eticamente casos, e a função da Associação Colombiana de Fa-culdades de Psicologia (Ascofapsi) na promoção da educação ética de qualidade nos estudos de psicologia. Discutiram-se os resultados à luz do projeto maior e da literatura especializada

Aprendizaje basado en problemas para la enseñanza de las ciencias naturales / Problem-based learning for the teaching of natural sciences

RESUMEN El objetivo del presente estudio está dirigido a analizar los presupuestos teóricos acerca del aprendizaje basado en problemas como metodología activa para la enseñanza de las ciencias naturales en la Educación Superior cubana. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en la que se consideraron artículos originales y de revisión publicados entre 2000 y 2020 a partir de los descriptores aprendizaje basado en problemas, aprendizaje por descubrimiento y construcción, aprendizaje basado en proyectos y en retos. La búsqueda fue realizada en las bases de datos SciELO y Google académico de abril a junio de 2020, en función del establecimiento de los presupuestos teóricos y metodológicos de una investigación desarrollada en el Departamento de Química de la Facultad de Ciencias Aplicadas perteneciente a la Universidad de Camagüey Ignacio Agramonte Loynaz. Se concluye que resulta pertinente asumir por parte del profesor esta metodología, ya que se concreta en una gestión docente enfocada en el aprendizaje centrado en el estudiante, por consiguiente, es necesario seguir investigando en esta temática y proceder al desarrollo y la aplicación de instrumentos que permitan evaluarla de modo fiable y eficaz.

ABSTRACT The objective of the actual research is to analyze the theoretical bases about problem-based learning as an active methodology for the teaching of natural sciences in Cuban Higher Education. With the descriptors learning based on problems, learning by discovery and construction, learning based on projects and challenges, a bibliographic review was carried out in which original and review articles published between 2000 and 2020 were considered. The search was carried out in the databases of SciELO and Google academic data from April to June 2020. It is concluded that it is pertinent to assume this methodology by the teacher, since it is specified in a teaching management focused on student-centered learning, therefore, it is necessary to continue investigating in this area and proceed to the development and application of instruments that allow them to be evaluated reliably and effectively.

Adaptación de la metodología didáctica a la virtualidad en los cursos de procesamiento técnico de la Escuela de Bibliotecología y Ciencias de la Información de la Universidad de Costa Rica / Adaptation of the didactic methodology to virtuality in the technical processing courses of the School of Library and Information Sciences of the University of Costa Rica

Resumen Este artículo tiene la finalidad de identificar la percepción estudiantil ante la adaptación de la metodología didáctica a la virtualidad en los cursos de procesamiento técnico BI-2001 Catalogación I y BI-3001 Indización, de la Escuela de Bibliotecología y Ciencias de la Información de la Universidad de Costa Rica, durante el I Ciclo lectivo del 2020. Para alcanzar dicho objetivo se realizó una investigación de tipo cuantitativa en la que se aplica un cuestionario en línea para analizar aspectos como el acceso que poseen a las clases virtuales y percepción respecto a las metodologías didácticas aplicadas. Se evidencia que contar con un adecuado acceso a internet es fundamental para continuar con el proceso educativo bajo la modalidad virtual, así como la importancia de adaptar los materiales didácticos y las evaluaciones que tradicionalmente se realizaban de manera presencial, considerando los factores que intervienen en la educación virtual.

Abstract This article identify the student perception of the adaptation of the didactic methodology to virtuality in the technical processing courses BI-2001 Cataloging I and BI-3001 Indexing, at the School of Library and Information Sciences of the University of Costa Rica, during the I school year of 2020. To achieve this objective a quantitative research was carried out in which an online questionnaire was applied to analyze aspects such as the access they have to virtual classes, perception regarding the applied didactic methodologies. It is observed that having an adequate internet access is essential to continue with the educational process under the virtual modality, as well as the importance of adapting the didactic materials and assessments that were traditionally carried out in person, considering the factors that intervene in the virtual education.

Metodologias de ensino do karatê-do shotokan para crianças / Shotokan karatê teaching methodologies for children / Metodologías para enseñar karate-do skhotokan a niños

O presente artigo tem como objetivo, caracterizar as diferentes metodologias de ensino do Karatê-Do Shotokan para crianças. Utilizando-se de uma pesquisa realizada de forma indireta, por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica. Onde encontrou-se, que as lutas são manifestações elementares da cultura corporal, sofrendo ao longo do tempo constantes modificações, culminando no surgimento de inúmeras lutas ou artes marciais. Entre elas o Karatê-Do Shotokan, tendo como forma tradicional de ensino os três K, pautado no método analítico. Entretanto, no processo de ensino torna-se importante permitir conhecimentos da ciência e da pedagogia do esporte, através das dimensões do ensino e de métodos de ensino global das lutas. E concluiu-se, que para a evolução das crianças no Karatê-Do Shotokan é necessário se pensar em mecanismos pedagógicos, com objetivos claros e concretos, utilizando dos métodos parcial e global, fundamentados nas dimensões do ensino.

This article aims to characterize the different teaching methodologies of Karate-Do Shotokan for children. Using an indirect research, through a bibliographic review. Where it was found, that fights are elementary manifestations of body culture, undergoing constant changes over time, culminating in the emergence of numerous fights or martial arts. Among them the Karate-Do Shotokan, having the three K as a traditional teaching method, based on the analytical method. However, in the teaching process it is important to allow knowledge of science and sport pedagogy, through the dimensions of teaching and methods of global teaching of struggles. And it was concluded that for the evolution of children in Karate-Do Shotokan it is necessary to think about pedagogical mechanisms, with clear and concrete objectives, using partial and global methods, based on the dimensions of teaching.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo caracterizar las diferentes metodologías de enseñanza del Karate-Do Shotokan para niños. Mediante una investigación indirecta, a través de una revisión bibliográfica. Donde se encontró, que las peleas son manifestaciones elementales de la cultura corporal, que experimentan cambios constantes a lo largo del tiempo, culminando con el surgimiento de numerosas peleas o artes marciales. Entre ellos el Karate-Do Shotokan, que tiene las tres K como método de enseñanza tradicional, basado en el método analítico. Sin embargo, en el proceso de enseñanza es importante permitir el conocimiento de la pedagogía científica y deportiva, a través de las dimensiones de la enseñanza y los métodos de enseñanza global de las luchas. Y se concluyó que para la evolución de los niños en Karate-Do Shotokan es necesario pensar en mecanismos pedagógicos, con objetivos claros y concretos, utilizando métodos parciales y globales, basados en las dimensiones de la enseñanza.

Violência nas escolas em debate: reflexões docentes em um contexto ultraconservador / Debating violence in schools: teachers’ reflections in an ultraconservative context / Violencia en las escuelas en discusión: reflexiones de los docentes en un contexto ultraconservador

Este trabalho discute estratégias e metodologias criadas e reinventadas por professores e professoras para trabalhar, em suas turmas, questões relacionadas a violência, desigualdades sociais e preconceito, pensando suas inserções no ambiente escolar. No atual contexto político, que tem fortalecido perspectivas ultraconservadoras e dificultado os debates sobre diversidades nas escolas, por meio da promoção do pânico moral na sociedade, os professores pesquisados sinalizam a necessidade de reflexão sobre esses temas em sala de aula, uma vez que estes já estão presentes nas relações escolares. A partir da realização de entrevistas com profissionais de um colégio da rede pública, buscamos compreender a reinvenção das estratégias docentes para o trabalho com tais temas, de maneira a promover debates entre estudantes em um contexto de crescente vigilância social e familiar sobre as práticas escolares.

This work discusses strategies and methodologies created and reinvented by teachers to deal, with violence, social inequalities and prejudice, designing their insertions in the school environment. In the current political context, which has strengthened ultraconservative perspectives and hampered the debates about school diversity through the promotion of moral panic in society, the teachers who were researched signaled the need for reflection on these themes in the classroom, due to the fact that they are already present in the school relations. Based on interviews with teachers from a governmental supported public school, we meant to understand the reinvention of teaching strategies to work with such topics, in order to promote debates among students in a context of increasing social and family surveillance over school practices.

Este artículo discute estrategias y metodologías creadas y reinventadas por los maestros para trabajar en sus clases temas relacionados con la violencia, desigualdades sociales y prejuicios, pensando en sus inserciones en el ambiente escolar. En el contexto político actual, que ha fortalecido las perspectivas ultraconservadoras y ha obstaculizado los debates sobre la diversidad en las escuelas al promover el pánico moral en la sociedad, los maestros encuestados señalan la necesidad de reflexionar sobre estos temas en el aula, ya que están presentes en las relaciones escolares. A partir de entrevistas con maestros de una escuela pública, buscamos comprender la reinvención de estrategias de enseñanza para trabajar con tales temas, con el fin de promover debates entre los estudiantes en un contexto de creciente vigilancia social y familiar sobre prácticas escolares.

Utilización de aprendizaje basado en equipos, como metodología activa de enseñanza de farmacología para estudiantes de Enfermería / The use of equipment-based learning as an active methodology teaching for pharmacology to Nursing studen

Introducción: el cambio de la sociedad desde una economía basada en la industria a una sustentada en el conocimiento, genera un cambio de paradigma en educación. Esto lleva a las universidades a modificar sus modelos educativos y formar profesionales capaces de responder a las necesidades del entorno. Esta propuesta exige cambiar las estrategias tradicionales de enseñanza-aprendizaje a metodologías activas e innovadoras. Team based learning es un alternativa innovadora que mezcla aspectos de docencia tradicional con los beneficios del trabajo en grupos pequeños dentro de cursos numerosos. Objetivo: dar a conocer la experiencia del uso de Team based learning como metodología activa de aprendizaje en la asignatura de farmacología para estudiantes de enfermería. Métodos: se utilizó un diseño de estudio experimental en una población de 96 estudiantes de enfermería, los cuales fueron divididos en tres grupos de 32 estudiantes cada uno. Se consideró dos grupos control y un grupo experimental. El análisis del efecto del uso de Team based learning se evaluó de forma cuantitativa y cualitativa. Resultados: los estudiantes que realizaron Team based learning obtuvieron mejores calificaciones al ser comparados con los estudiantes que utilizaron metodología tradicional. Los estudiantes, del grupo experimental, manifestaron su alto grado de satisfacción por el uso de Team based learning, ya que estimuló su aprendizaje y además, favoreció el trabajo en equipo. Conclusiones: Team based learning es una metodología de enseñanza aprendizaje que promueve el autoaprendizaje y el trabajo en equipo, ello se traduce en mejores resultados académicos, es una herramienta bien aceptada por los alumnos y considerada una forma divertida y dinámica de aprender(AU)

Introduction: The change of society from an industry-based to a knowledge-based economy generates a paradigm shift in education. This leads universities to modify their educational models and train professionals able to respond to the needs of the environment. This proposal requires changing traditional teaching-learning strategies to active and innovative methodologies. Team based learning is an innovative alternative that mixes aspects of traditional teaching with the benefits of working in small groups within numerous courses. Objective: To present the experience of the use of Team based learning as an active learning methodology in the subject of pharmacology for nursing students. Methods: An experimental study design was used in a population of 96 nursing students, who were divided into three groups of 32 students each. Two control groups and one experimental group were considered. The analysis of the effect of using Team based learning was quantitatively and qualitatively assessed. Results: The students who performed Team based learning obtained better marks when compared to students who used the traditional methodology. The students of the experimental group expressed their high satisfaction with the use of Team based learning, since it stimulated their learning and also favored teamwork. Conclusions: Team based learning is a teaching-learning methodology that promotes self-learning and teamwork, which is translated into better academic outcomes, is a tool well accepted by students and considered a fun and dynamic way to learn(AU)

Vendo a vida com outros olhos: o Ensino de Ecologia para deficientes visuais / Seeing life through different eyes: teaching ecology for the visuallyimpaired

Apesar de vários grupos de pesquisas virem trabalhando na formulação de materiais para a educação de cegos, existem poucos materiais de fácil acesso aos professores para a educação inclusiva em geral,especialmente nas áreas de Ciências, entre elas, a Biologia. Com o objetivo de elaborar esses materiais para o ensino inclusivo no Ensino Médio (EM),trabalhou-se com seis deficientes visuais entre 16 e51 anos, divididos em dois grupos, alunos do 1º ano do EM e outros que já terminaram ou deixaram os estudos. Foram ministradas duas aulas com o tema ecologia, baseadas na Proposta Curricular do Estado de São Paulo de 2008, nas quais realizaram-se vivências com os materiais produzidos. Foram feitas observações sistêmicas e aplicados questionários semi-estruturados em cada aula com objetivo de avaliar a eficácia dos materiais para aprendizagem.Observou-se uma grande aceitação dos alunos, tanto nas aulas expositivas quanto nas vivências, sendo que os mesmos mostraram grande apreensão do conteúdo, mais do que se estes fossem apenas oralmente expostos. Conclui-se que a utilização de materiais táteis aliadas às aulas expositivas, auxilia na construção e amplia o conhecimento do deficiente visual, especialmente em Biologia, onde grande parte dos conteúdos é apenas visualmente explorada.

Although many research groups work in the development of educational apparatus for sually impaired, the lack of materials for teachers consideringan inclusive education is still a problem, especially in Sciences and Biology. The aim of this work, that was the development of easy access and low cost edu cational apparatus for teaching visually impaired students in high school level, was achieved with the participation of six blind individuals, among 16 and 51 years old divided into two groups: the first com posed by first year high school students, and the second by ex-high school students or people who gave up school. Two classes about Ecology were taught, based on the 2008 curricular syllabus established by the São Paulo State Department of Public Education. All the developed materials were used in practical experiences. It was performed systemic observations and semi-structured questionnaires in eachclass in order to evaluate the efficiency of the materials. It was noticed a high acceptance from the students during the classes and the experiences. It was observed a high efficiency of the material to help the blind students to understand the subject in discussion better than it was just orally exposed. In conclusion, the use of tactile materials in additionto expository classes help to raise and improve the knowledge of the visually- impairedindividuals, and it was especially perceptible in Biology, where the subjects are visually teaching.

Metodologias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem para educação farmacêutica: um relato de experiência / Active teaching-learning methodologies for pharmaceutical education: a report on experience / Metodologías activas de enseñanza-aprendizaje en educación farmacéutica: un relato basado en la experiencia

As práticas e os projetos pedagógicos dos cursos da área da saúde têm sido alvo de intervenções a fim de se contemplarem as necessidades da sociedade contemporânea. A formação do farmacêutico não foge a esta linha, na qual se destaca a correlação entre teoria e prática, ressaltando a necessidade de uma visão integral do indivíduo e do meio que o cerca. Com base nestas considerações, o presente artigo visa abordar a utilização de metodologias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem na disciplina de Assistência e Atenção Farmacêutica do curso de Farmácia do Centro Universitário Franciscano (UNIFRA), relatando avanços e dificuldades observadas. Foram realizados, semestralmente, sete estudos de caso abordando problemas de saúde, farmacoterapia e problemas relacionados a medicamentos. Como resultados, destaca-se a formação de um aluno capaz de intervir e construir o próprio futuro com responsabilidade e comprometimento com a formação humanística e generalista.

The pedagogical practices and projects of healthcare courses have been the target of interventions aimed at taking into account the needs of contemporary society. The training for pharmacists is no exception and, in this, the correlation between theory and practice is highlighted, along with the need for a comprehensive view of individuals and the environment that surrounds them. Based on these points, this article aimed to address the use of active teaching-learning methodologies in the Discipline of Pharmaceutical Care and Assistance of the Pharmacy Course at the Franciscan University Center (UNIFRA), reporting on the advances and difficulties observed. Each semester, seven case studies covering health problems, pharmacotherapy and problems relating to medications were conducted. The results highlighted the shaping of students who were capable of intervening in and constructing their own futures with responsibility and commitment towards humanistic and general training.

Las prácticas y los proyectos pedagógicos de los cursos del área de salud han sido objeto de intervenciones con el fin de atender las necesidades de la sociedad actual. La formación del farmacéutico no escapa de esta línea, en la que se destaca la correlación entre teoría y práctica, subrayando la necesidad de una visión integral del individuo y del entorno que lo rodea. Con base en tales consideraciones el presente artículo busca abordar el uso de métodos activos de enseñanza-aprendizaje en la asignatura de Asistencia y Atención Farmacéutica del curso de Farmacia en el Centro Universitario Franciscano (UNIFRA), relatando avances y dificultades observadas. Fueron realizados, semestralmente, siete estudios de caso que abordaban problemas de salud, fármaco-terapia y problemas relacionados con medicamentos. Como resultado, se destaca la formación de un alumno capaz de intervenir y construir su propio futuro con responsabilidad y compromiso con una formación humanística y general.

Reflexión sobre los procesos metodológicos de enseñanza y su incidencia en la cognición del estudiante de educación superior / Reflections About the Teaching Methodology Processes Related with the Cognition of the Superior Education Student

Consecuentes con los cambios permanentes en la educación superior no sólo en Colombia sino en el mundo y teniendo en cuenta la importancia de las acciones pedagógicas y su incidencia en el nivel cognitivo de los estudiantes, se hace necesaria la reflexión y el análisis de los procesos que se ejecutan con el fin de mejorar los currículos, y, dentro de éstos, de las metodologías de enseñanza, pedagogías y didácticas que promueven la cognición de los estudiantes. En el presente artículo se hace un análisis de metodologías de enseñanza desarrolladas tradicionalmente en instituciones de educación superior, con subsecuentes aprendizajes que no siempre promueven el desarrollo cognitivo del estudiante, con el ánimo de brindar elementos que le permitan al maestro reconceptualizar su práctica pedagógica.

In concordance whit permanent global and local changes in superior education, not only in Colombia but in the world, and having in account the relevance of pedagogical actions and their incidence in the student's cognitive level, it's necessary analyze and to reflect about the mecanism involved in the learning processes, in order to improve the curriculums and inside of them, the teaching methodologies, pedagogy an didacts that promote better the students cognition. In the present article an analysis is made of teaching methodologies developed in Institutions of superior education with subsequent learnings that not always facilitate the cognitive development of the student, as well as a proposal of educative innovation elements aimed to guide the teachers into a careful consideration of their pedagogical practice.