Metodología para la enseñanza de la danza folclórica del ritmo Pasacalle / Metodologia para o ensino da dança folclórica do ritmo do Pasacalle / Methodology for teaching the folk dance of the Pasacalle rhythm

RESUMEN Los ritmos nacionales se forman por versiones urbanizadas propias de cada nación, que crean un conjunto de géneros musicales que sirven de base para la práctica de actividad física especializada, a la vez que enriquecen el acervo cultural. El rescate de las tradiciones culturales pasa por acciones específicas que incluyen al profesorado de Educación Física. Por ello, el propósito de la investigación es validar teóricamente mediante consulta de especialistas una propuesta metodológica para la enseñanza de la danza folclórica con el ritmo Pasacalle. La investigación es de tipo descriptiva-explicativa de orientación prospectiva. Se diseñó una propuesta metodológica que es validada a través de encuesta por 15 especialistas nacionales. La propuesta de una metodología para la enseñanza de la danza folclórica del ritmo Pasacalle es aceptable según establecen los especialistas consultados (w=0.513), presentando un puntaje medio en los indicadores "pertinencia" (4.20: muy adecuado), "originalidad" (3: adecuado), "asequible" (4.27: muy adecuado) y "objetivo" (3.93: entre adecuado a muy adecuado). En la propuesta, se incluyen características de una estrategia metodológica que contiene una fundamentación teórica y metodológica, con una fase de diagnóstico y otra de planeación, más tres etapas que incluyen la determinación de los pasos metodológicos, el diseño de una asignatura optativa y la evaluación metodológica, así como un grupo de contenidos y objetivos a implementar en la clase de educación física, más los recursos didácticos y destrezas con criterio de desempeño.

RESUMO Os ritmos nacionais são formados por versões urbanizadas específicas de cada nação, que criam um conjunto de géneros musicais que servem de base para a prática da atividade física especializada, ao mesmo tempo que enriquecem o património cultural. O resgate das tradições culturais requer ações específicas que incluam professores de Educação Física. Por esta razão, o objetivo da investigação é validar teoricamente, através da consulta a especialistas, uma proposta metodológica para o ensino da dança folclórica com o ritmo Pasacalle. A investigação é de tipo descritivo-explicativo com uma orientação prospectiva. Foi concebida e validada uma proposta metodológica através de um inquérito a 15 especialistas nacionais. A proposta de uma metodologia para o ensino da dança folclórica do ritmo Pasacalle é aceitável segundo os especialistas consultados (w=0,513), apresentando uma pontuação média nos indicadores "pertinência" (4,20: muito adequado), "originalidade" (3: adequado), "acessível" (4,27: muito adequado) e "objectivo" (3,93: entre adequado e muito adequado). A proposta inclui características de uma estratégia metodológica que contém uma base teórica e metodológica, com uma fase de diagnóstico e uma fase de planeamento, mais três fases que incluem a determinação de etapas metodológicas, a concepção de uma disciplina opcional e avaliação metodológica, bem como um grupo de conteúdos e objectivos a implementar na aula de educação física, mais recursos didáticos e competências com critérios de desempenho.

ABSTRACT The national rhythms are formed by urbanized versions of each nation, which create a set of musical genres that serve as the basis for the practice of specialized physical activity, while enriching the cultural heritage. The rescue of cultural traditions goes through specific actions that include Physical Education teachers. Therefore, the purpose of the research is to theoretically validate, through consultation with specialists, a methodological proposal for teaching folk dance with the Pasacalle rhythm. The research is of a descriptive-explanatory type with a prospective orientation. A methodological proposal was designed and validated through a survey by 15 national specialists. The proposal of a methodology for the teaching of the folkloric dance of the Pasacalle rhythm is acceptable according to the specialists consulted (w=0.513), presenting an average score in the indicators "relevance" (4.20: very adequate), "originality" (3: adequate), "affordable" (4.27: very adequate) and "objective" (3.93: between adequate and very adequate). The proposal includes characteristics of a methodological strategy that contains a theoretical and methodological foundation, with a diagnostic phase and a planning phase, plus three stages that include the determination of the methodological steps, the design of an optional subject and the evaluation. methodology, as well as a group of contents and objectives to be implemented in the physical education class, plus teaching resources and skills with performance criteria.

Clinical simulation with dramatization, a teaching-learning strategy for undergraduate students of nutrition and dietetics

At present, education in Health Sciences requires interaction with real patients, which is made more complex due to the need to ensure their health safety. For this reason, new teaching methodologies are now being implemented, which help to improve and protect safe care. Objective: This study was carried out using a quantitative approach with a non-experimental, descriptive design. Materials and Methods: The sample was non-probabilistic and consisted of 87 undergraduate students. A questionnaire was used, with 18 statements divided into 3 dimensions: dimension 1, simulation structure, with six questions reflecting aspects related to its implementation; dimension 2, learning, with seven questions related to aspects of effective communication, trust, learning and respect for diversity; dimension 3, feedback for learning, with five questions, including feedback by the teacher and the simulated patient, as well as their own views with regard to participating in another similar experience again. A five-point Likert scale was used. Results: The three dimensions studied, simulation structure, learning and feedback for learning, report a high level of positive perceptions. Conclusion: The simulation strategy is an educational tool in health-related careers that enhances the clinical competencies of the students as well as the relevant theoretical and practical skills and abilities in their learning process, promoting integration of the knowledge acquired in previous subjects(AU)

En la actualidad, la formación en Ciencias de la Salud requiere de la interacción con pacientes reales, lo que se hace más complejo por la necesidad de velar por la seguridad de su salud. Por ello, ahora se están implementando nuevas metodologías docentes que ayudan a mejorar y proteger la atención segura. Objetivo: Este estudio se llevó a cabo con un enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño no experimental, descriptivo. Materiales y métodos: La muestra fue no probabilística a conveniencia y estuvo conformada por 87 estudiantes de pregrado. Se utilizó un cuestionario, con 18 enunciados divididos en 3 dimensiones: dimensión 1, estructura de simulación, con seis preguntas que reflejan aspectos relacionados con su implementación; la dimensión 2, aprendizaje, con siete preguntas relacionadas con aspectos de comunicación efectiva, confianza, aprendizaje y respeto a la diversidad; dimensión 3, retroalimentación para el aprendizaje, con cinco preguntas, que incluye la retroalimentación del docente y del paciente simulado, así como sus propias opiniones con respecto a participar nuevamente en otra experiencia similar. Se utilizó una escala tipo Likert de cinco puntos. Resultados: Las tres dimensiones estudiadas, estructura de simulación, aprendizaje y retroalimentación para el aprendizaje, reportan un alto nivel de percepciones positivas. Conclusión: La estrategia de simulación es una herramienta educativa en carreras afines a la salud que potencia las competencias clínicas de los estudiantes, así como las destrezas y habilidades teóricas y prácticas pertinentes en su proceso de aprendizaje, favoreciendo la integración de los conocimientos adquiridos en materias anteriores(AU)

Estaciones de aprendizaje para abordar concepciones de fisiología y morfología sobre el concepto de célula / Learning stations to analyze physiology and morphology perceptions of the cell concept

RESUMEN: El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la influencia de la implementación y aplicación de la metodología de enseñanza estaciones de aprendizaje, sobre un aprendizaje activo de la fisiología y morfología de la célula. Se trabajó con 90 estudiantes de enseñanza secundaria, distribuidos en un grupo control y otro experimental, los cuales recibieron clases tradicionales y la aplicación de la metodología estaciones de aprendizaje, respectivamente. Los datos fueron recolectados en base a test de concepciones y conocimientos, más encuesta de valoración. El análisis de los datos reveló que las estaciones de aprendizaje son una metodología de enseñanza efectiva en el aprendizaje de la célula, ya que permiten mejorar significativamente las concepciones previas de los estudiantes, los cuales valoran de manera positiva y significativa la metodología de la que fueron partícipes.

SUMMARY: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of the implementation and application of the learning stations teaching methodology on active learning of the physiology and morphology of the cell. We worked with 90 high school students, distributed in a control group and an experimental group, who received traditional classes and the application of the learning stations methodology, respectively. The data were collected based on a conception and knowledge test, plus an evaluation survey. The analysis of the data revealed that the learning stations are an effective teaching methodology in learning of the cell, since they allow to improve prior perceptions of the students, who significantly and positively value the methodology in which they participated.

Proposta de classificação das práticas corporais de aventura para o ensino na educação física escolar / Proposal of classification of the adventure bodily practices for teaching in physical education at school / Propuesta de clasificación de prácticas corporales de aventura para la docencia en educación física en la escuela

RESUMO Este texto apresenta uma proposta de classificação das Práticas Corporais de Aventura voltada para seu ensino na Educação Física Escolar. Argumenta acerca da necessidade de classificar estas práticas com base em seus elementos constituintes, quais sejam: Deslocamento, Sentido do deslocamento, Formas de deslocamento, Impulso motriz, Risco e Aventura. Pretende com isso superar uma reprodução irrefletida dessas práticas corporais nas aulas de Educação Física, nos mesmos moldes e lógica com que se desenvolvem nos âmbitos do lazer, do esporte e do turismo, projetando estratégias para que este conteúdo de circunscreva no campo das pedagogias progressistas.

ABSTRACT This text presents a proposal for to rank the adventure bodily practices aimed at their teaching in school Physical Education. It argues the need to classify these practices based on their constituent elements, which are: Displacement, Direction of displacement, Forms of displacement, Driving impulse, Risk and Adventure. This intends to overcome the simplistic reproduction of these bodily practices in Physical Education classes along the same lines and logic with which they are developed in the areas of leisure, sport and tourism, designing implemented so that this content will be circumscribed in the field of progressive pedagogies.

RESUMEN Este texto presenta una propuesta para la clasificación de las prácticas corporales de aventura orientadas a la enseñanza en la Educación Física Escolar. Se plantea la necesidad de clasificar estas prácticas en función de sus elementos constitutivos, a saber: Desplazamiento, Dirección del desplazamiento, Formas de desplazamiento, Impulso motriz, Riesgo y Aventura. Con ello se pretende superar la reproducción simplista de estas prácticas corporales en las clases de Educación Física con la misma línea y lógica con las que se desarrollan en los ámbitos del ocio, el deporte y el turismo, diseñando estrategias para que estos contenidos se circunscriban en el campo de las pedagogías progresistas.

Razonamiento clínico en kinesiología mediante aprendizaje basado en casos / Clinical reasoning in kinesiology by case-based learning

Introducción: En cursos clínicos con gran número de estudiantes, las experiencias clínicas con pacientes reales son limitadas, dificul-tando el logro de objetivos de aprendizaje. La didáctica aprendizaje basado en casos (ABC) promueve el pensamiento crítico y trabajo coolaborativo, aspectos esenciales para desarrollar competencias profesionales. El objetivo de este estudio fue reportar si la incorpo-ración de la metodología ABC en una asignatura clínica curricular promueve el razonamiento clínico en la formación en kinesiología. Metodología: En la asignatura curricular "evaluación cardiorrespiratoria en kinesiología", 10 grupos de 7 estudiantes desarrollaron casos clínicos de temas disciplinares seleccionados bajo criterio de jueces por expertos del área, y lo presentaron al resto de sus compañeros. Un académico guió la reflexión del tema tratado en el ABC, fomentando la discusión entre los estudiantes. Al finalizar la asignatura se evaluó la percepción de la didáctica educativa mediante encuesta y logro de objetivos de aprendizaje con indicadores académicos. Resultados: Los estudiantes reportaron gran satisfacción con la metodología, mayor preparación para actividades de campo clínico y mejoras en sus habilidades comunicacionales. El promedio obtenido en las interrogaciones y en las actividades clínicas fue superior a versiones previas de la asignatura, aumentando el porcentaje de aprobación y satisfacción con el curso. Conclusión: La incorporación de la didáctica de ABC fomentó el razonamiento clínico, reflexión y habilidades comunicacionales mejorando el rendimiento académico y promoviendo competencias profesionales. Como producto final se elaboró un libro de descarga libre con los temas tratados en los ABC, titulado: "Identificando problemas kinesiológicos: aprendizaje basado en casos".

Introduction: In clinical courses with a large number of students, clinical experiences with real patients are limited, difficult to achieve the learning objectives. The 'Case-Based Learning' (CBL), like educational methodology, promotes critical thinking and improve collaborative work, which are essential aspects of the development of professional skills. The objective of this study was to report how the incorporation of the CBL methodology in a clinical course promoted the clinical reasoning in kinesiology students. Methodology: In the curriculum subject ten groups of seven students analyzed different clinical cases and presented them to their classmates. The CBL topics were selected by academic experts, who also guided and encouraged the discussion among the students. An online survey at the end of the course assessed perceptions students participated in this methodology. The final academic indicators assessed the learning objectives of the course achieved by students that participated with this methodology. Results: The students reported high satisfaction with the CBL methodology. They showed better preparation for clinical experiences and an improvement in their communication skills. The final marks obtained in the interrogations and the clinical practice activities were higher than in previous years. There was an increase in academic approval and student satisfaction with the course. Conclusion: The incorporation of the CBL methodology enhanced clinical reasoning, reflection, and communication skills, improving academic performance, and promoting professional skills. The topics covered in the CBLs conformed a free download book, entitled: «Identifying kinesiology problems: case-based learning.

Metodología para la formación de competencias sobre orientación educativa en docentes de las carreras de tecnología de la salud / Methodology for competence training on educational guidance in professors of health technology careers

Partiendo de las insuficiencias detectadas en el desempeño profesional de los docentes en la Facultad de Enfermería-Tecnología de la Salud de Santiago de Cuba, las que limitan su acción instructiva hacia los estudiantes, se elaboró una metodología con vistas a formar competencias sobre la orientación educativa en estos profesores y así contribuir al proceso docente-educativo. Dicha metodología ofrece una vía de preparación a través de cuatro etapas y su funcionalidad se relaciona con la pertinencia de las acciones previstas y los cambios operados en los docentes; asimismo, posee un impacto social, teniendo en cuenta que se educa a un futuro profesional con determinada responsabilidad en los servicios de salud. Al aplicarla se demostró su importancia como proceso inmediato para el desarrollo de la competencia en cuestión y se posibilitó la participación protagónica de los docentes de manera flexible, con resultados favorables en cuanto al objetivo trazado.

Taking into account the inadequacies detected in the professional performance of the professors in the Health Nursing and Technology Faculty in Santiago de Cuba, that limit their instructive performance toward the students, a methodology aimed at training competences on the educational guidance in these professors was elaborated and in this way to contribute to the teaching-educational process. This methodology offers a way of preparation through four stages and its functionality is related to the pertinence of the foreseen actions and the changes operated in the professors; also, it has a social impact, taking into account that a future professional is educated with certain responsibility in health services. When implementing the methodology its importance was revealed as immediate process for training the mentioned competence and the leading participation of the professors in a flexible way was facilitated, with favorable results as for the set objective.

Um ensaio sobre o método emancipatório de ensino na Educação Física / Reflection about the emancipatory method of teaching in Physical Education / Reflexión sobre el método de enseñanza emancipatorio en Educación Física

Trata-se de uma reflexão sobre o método de emancipação intelectual exposto por Jacques Rancière e suas possíveis contribuições para a Educação Física no ensino superior. Percebemos que os métodos empregados em uma disciplina do curso assemelham-se ao método de embrutecimento, que segundo o autor, não contribuem para a formação crítica dos alunos enquanto constituintes de uma sociedade democrática.

It is a reflection about the method of intellectual emancipation exposed by Jacques Rancière and it's possible contributions to Physical Education in higher education. We perceive that the methods used in a discipline of the course resemble the method of brutalization, which according to the author, do not contribute to the critical formation of students as constituents of a democratic society

Se trata de una reflexión sobre el método de emancipación intelectual expuesto por Jacques Rancière y sus posibles contribuciones a la Educación Física en la enseñanza superior. Se percibe que los métodos empleados en una disciplina del curso se asemejan al método de embrutecimiento, que según el autor, no contribuyen para la formación crítica de los alumnos como constituyentes de una sociedad democrática.

Feedback of Second-Year Medical Students on Existing Teaching Methodology in Pharmacology: A Questionnaire Based Study

Background: In order to successfully run a curriculum in a medical college, it is a mandatory to collect regular feedback from the students regarding teaching and learning methodologies. The primary objective of our study was to analyse the various teaching-learning aids and course content of pharmacology. The secondary objective was evaluation of pharmacology practical classes and their relevance in relation to the interests of students as well as clinical application. Methods: This is a cross sectional, open labelled questionnaire based study conducted among 100 2nd year MBBS students of a tertiary care teaching hospital. The questionnaire consisted of 10 questions with 4 response options each. Descriptive statistics was used for analysis and interpretation and the results were expressed as percentage frequency of responses. Results: It was revealed from our study that a majority of the students (45%) found microbiology undergraduate practical laboratory more interesting with pharmacology at 35%, which reflects that 65% students think that pharmacology laboratory exercises are boring and less useful. From among the pharmacology practical laboratories (clinical laboratory, experimental pharmacology and pharmacy), majority (47%) of the students opted for clinical prescription and problem based learning exercises as most beneficial. A whopping 55/100 students wanted introduction of clinical case studies as part of the regular practical teaching schedule while 30 students felt that doctor-patient role play should be included in teaching curriculum for better understanding of subject. Surprisingly, 42% of students find audio visual aids as most useful teaching methodologies while 33% students like bilateral (student- teacher) interactive classes. On the contrary, 72% of the students prefer studying pharmacology from combination of both lecture notes, textbooks and their self-prepared notes. 50/100 students wanted inclusion of more case studies and treatment protocols as a part of regular teaching protocol in pharmacology and 30 students wanted more group discussions to be included as a part of teaching curriculum in pharmacology. Conclusion: Pharmacology is a dynamic and continuously evolving branch of medicine. The results of our study are hoped to help in knowing students’ perspective regarding pharmacology teaching and modifying pharmacology teaching patterns for better outcomes.

A questionnaire based study to assess feedback on teaching methodology and evaluation methods in pharmacology

Background: The reviewing of teaching and evaluation methods by feedback from students and modification is very important for further development and restructuring of medical education in future. The curriculum that we follow needs to be assessed periodically as it highlights the strengths as well as points out the fallacies, which are required to improve the medical teaching.Methods: The present study was carried out at Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Centre in a total of 100 third year MBBS students. Pre-validated questionnaire was used. Suggestions were also enquired regarding the modifications needed in pharmacology teaching methods.Results: Out of the topic of interest in pharmacology, CNS ranks first with 28%, followed by CVS with 20%. Regarding the topic to be added in regular Pharmacology teaching, 37% preferred on case study and treatment discussion, while 32% preferred group discussion and 16% for quiz. Among the students 54% preferred text books only for studying pharmacology. Regarding the special topics to be discussed in pharmacology, 31% opted for paediatric pharmacology. The students have also suggested for clinical based teaching.Conclusions: The results of present study can serve as positive feedback to make the teaching programme more interesting. A well designed and systematic prospective research needs to be carried out, so that students get updated every year. It can also pave way for a rational prescribing practice after acquiring a proper and updated knowledge about Pharmacology as part of the undergraduate teaching programme.

Flipped Classroom: A Concept for Engaging Medical Students in Learning

Technological advances have created immense pressure on our younger generation to keep themselves abreast with the newerdevelopments in medical sciences. Educators have to evolve innovative pedagogy to help prepare this generation for future challengesas the training periods are getting relatively shorter. Flipped classroom or Inverted classroom is one such innovation that can empower alearner to develop critical thinking skills and master ways to imbibe vast information by engaging students in active learning process.Reading and understanding are carried at home, and the class-time is utilized for higher levels of learning like analyzing, evaluating, andapplication of the basic information. This review article is aimed to guide the educators in applying the concept of flipped classroom intheir teaching learning armamentarium.

Contribuição de um módulo instrucional no desenvolvimento de habilidades de avaliação de linfonodos: um experimento / Contribution of an instructional module in the development of lymph node assessment skills: an experiment

A coleta de dados por meio da anamnese e do exame físico é etapa indispensável para a implementação do Processo de Enfermagem; para realização do exame físico empregam-se as técnicas de inspeção, palpação, percussão e ausculta, que permitem confirmar padrões de normalidade ou a presença de alterações. É de interesse, neste estudo, o exame dos linfonodos, componentes que podem, a partir de suas alterações, nortear a terapêutica e as ações de enfermagem a serem executadas. Tais estruturas são avaliadas pelas técnicas de inspeção e palpação, além da anamnese. Considerando a necessidade de criação de estratégias cada vez mais interativas, baseadas na proposta da aprendizagem experiencial, este estudo experimental, randomizado, controlado e mascarado tem como objetivo avaliar a contribuição de um Módulo Instrucional na aquisição de conhecimentos sobre a avaliação de características de linfonodos, por estudantes de enfermagem. A intervenção educativa foi composta pela utilização de um módulo instrucional, formado por um protótipo de palpação e um instrumento-guia de registro. Participaram do estudo 68 estudantes dos cursos de graduação em enfermagem de uma instituição pública paulista que estavam cursando a disciplina de semiologia e semiotécnica. Em ambos os grupos (experimento e controle) foi realizada inicialmente a palpação dos linfonodos em um protótipo (A) seguindo-se o registro livre das características e número das estruturas avaliadas. O grupo controle seguiu para avaliação final, similar à inicial, em outro protótipo (C) utilizando o instrumento de registro livre. O grupo experimento foi submetido à intervenção educativa, que consistiu no manejo do módulo instrucional (protótipo B e instrumento-guia de registro dos dados) e, após, realizou a avaliação final, similar à do grupo controle. Após a avaliação final, o grupo controle foi apresentado à intervenção educativa. Por último, em ambos os grupos, os estudantes registraram sua opinião sobre a atividade educativa realizada. Utilizou-se para análise os registros realizados nas fases inicial e final; os dados foram categorizados e, para avaliar idade, curso e sexo, utilizou-se frequência, média, mediana e desvio-padrão; para verificar a interação entre os acertos das variáveis pelos grupos nos tempos, optou-se pelo modelo de regressão linear mista. A análise de interação entre os grupos permite concluir que o grupo experimento apresentou significativa diferença com relação ao grupo controle no acerto de tamanho (p <= 0,0001), consistência (p <= 0,0001), mobilidade (p <= 0,0001) e coalescência (p = 0,0021). Ainda, os estudantes avaliaram positivamente a atividade, destacando sua capacidade de relacionar a teoria com a prática, sua facilidade e boa representação da realidade. Os resultados positivos do grupo experimento, bem como a aceitação referida pelo público-alvo reforçam a utilização do módulo instrucional como estratégia de ensino complementar às aulas de semiologia e semiotécnica no ensino da avaliação de características de linfonodos

The data colleta through anamnesis and physical examination is an indispensable step for the implementation of the Nursing Process; to perform the physical examination are used the techniques of inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation, which allow to confirm patterns of normality or the presence of changes. It is of interest, in this study, the examination of the lymph nodes, components that can, from their alterations, guide the therapeutics and the nursing actions to be performed. Such structures are evaluated by the techniques of inspection and palpation, in addition to anamnesis. Considering the need to create increasingly interactive strategies based on the proposal of experiential learning, this experimental, randomized, controlled and double blind study aims to evaluate the contribution of an Instructional Module in the acquisition of knowledge about the evaluation of lymph node characteristics, by nursing students. The educational intervention was composed by the use of an instructional module, formed by a prototype of palpation and a guide instrument of registration. The participants of the study were 68 undergraduate nursing students from a public institution in São Paulo who were attending the discipline of semiology and semitechnical. In both groups (experiment and control) the palpation of the lymph nodes was initially performed in a prototype (A) followed by the free registration of the characteristics and number of the structures evaluated. The control group followed for final evaluation, similar to the initial one, in another prototype (C) using the free registry instrument. The experimental group was submitted to the educational intervention, which consisted in the management of the instructional module (prototype B and instrument guide of data recording) and, afterwards, made the final evaluation, similar to that of the control group. After the final evaluation, the control group was presented to the educational intervention. Finally, in both groups, the students recorded their opinion about the educational activity performed. We used for analysis the records made in the initial and final phases; the data were categorized and, to evaluate age, course and sex, we used frequency, mean, median and standard deviation; to verify the interaction between the correctness of the variables by the groups in the times, we opted for the mixed linear regression model. The analysis of interaction between the groups allows to conclude that the experiment group presented a significant difference in relation to the control group in the variables size of the lymph node (P <= 0.0001), consistency (p <= 0.0001), mobility (p <= 0.0001) and coalescence (p = 0.0021). Still, the students positively evaluated the activity, highlighting their ability to relate theory to practice, its easy and good representation of reality. The positive results of the experiment group as well as the acceptance reported by the target public reinforce the use of the instructional module as a complementary teaching strategy to the semiology and semi-technical classes in teaching the evaluation of lymph node characteristics

Processos de Leitura em Educandos com Autismo: um Estudo de Revisão / Literacy Process in Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): a Review Study

RESUMO: dois objetivos são identificados no presente artigo: (a) contrastar o processo de desenvolvimento da leitura em pessoas com desenvolvimento típico e Transtorno do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) e (b) relatar os resultados de um estudo de revisão de pesquisas, publicadas em periódicos científicos, no período 2009-2015, sobre práticas interventivas em leitura, utilizadas no atendimento de indivíduos com TEA. Os resultados das pesquisas revelam que esses indivíduos, tipicamente, evidenciam déficits no processo de aquisição de competências em leitura. Assinale-se que os prejuízos na integração de informações, para fins de compreensão textual é prevalente, sendo apontado como um dos fatores críticos a serem tratados. Os problemas de leitura identificados nessa população podem, no entanto, ser remediados por meio de adaptações de estratégias empregadas com educandos com desenvolvimento típico. O artigo discute, por fim, a escassez de estudos nacionais que abordam essa temática e a carência de políticas educacionais que prezem pela adoção de modelos interventivos respaldados em pesquisas científicas.

ABSTRACT: Two objectives were identified in this article: (a) to contrast the reading development process in people with typical development and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and (b) to report the results of a review study focused on interventional practices published in scientific journals between 2009 and 2015. The results showed that individuals with ASD typically show deficits in reading development. Failure to integrate written information for textual understanding is prevalent and considerate a critical factor to be addressed. Reading problems identified in this population may, however, be remedied by adapting strategies commonly used with typically developing peers. The article further discusses the limited number of published national studies that address this issue and the lack of educational policies that support the use scientifically based practices.

Metodología lúdica para la enseñanza de la programación dinámica determinista en un contexto universitario

En este artículo se presentan los resultados de un proceso investigativo desarrollado por el Grupo en la Enseñanza de la Investigación de Operaciones (GEIO), perteneciente a la Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira - Colombia, en donde la lúdica es planteada como metodología de enseñanza para generar micromundos que permitieran a estudiantes del ámbito universitario interiorizar conceptos matemáticos difíciles de comprender por métodos reduccionistas. La investigación documentada se desarrolló con un grupo de alumnos de la Facultad de Ingeniería Industrial, con los cuales se trabajó el concepto de programación dinámica determinista, enfocada al balanceo de línea empleando una lúdica de un proceso productivo textil. La aplicación práctica fue evaluada mediante el proceso de validación de expertos y permitió concluir que la metodología lúdica propuesta por GEIO es clara, pertinente, viable, coherente y constituye una herramienta para representar sistemas reales, donde los estudiantes pueden asociar fácilmente conceptos teóricos a situaciones prácticas, llegando a generar aprendizaje significativo gracias a la interacción del participante con el contexto simulado.

In this article the results of a research process developed by the Group in the Teaching of Operations Research (GEIO) belonging to the Faculty of Engineering of the Technological University of Pereira - Colombia are presented, where the hands on activities are raised as teaching methodology to generate micro-worlds that would allow university students to internalize mathematical concepts that are difficult to understand by reductionist methods. The documented investigation was developed with a group of students from the Faculty of Industrial Engineering, with they was worked the concept of deterministic dynamic programming focused on balancing line using hands on activity of a textile production process. The above evidence was evaluated with the validation process by experts, and it allowed to conclude the hands on activity methodology proposed by GEIO is clear relevant, viable, coherent and is a tool to represent real systems where students can easily associate theoretical concepts to practical situations, reaching generate learning significant thanks to the interaction of the participant with the simulated context.

Este artigo apresenta os resultados de um processo de pesquisa desenvolvido pelo Grupo sobre o Ensino de Pesquisa Operacional (GEIO), pertencente À Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade Tecnológica de Pereira são apresentados - Colômbia, onde a diversão é levantada como metodologia de ensino para gerar microworlds que permitiriam que os estudantes das universidades internalizar difícil de entender conceitos matemáticos métodos reducionistas. pesquisa documentada foi realizada com um grupo de estudantes da Faculdade de Engenharia Industrial, com a qual o conceito de programação dinâmica determinista trabalhou, focado no equilíbrio utilizando uma linha lúdica de um processo de produção têxtil. A aplicação prática foi avaliada pelo perito processo de validação e permitiram concluir que a metodologia lúdica proposto por GEIO é clara, relevante e viável, coerente e é uma ferramenta para representar sistemas reais, onde os alunos podem facilmente associar conceitos teóricos a situações práticas, chegando a gerar aprendizagem significativa por meio da interação dos participantes com o contexto simulado.

The opinion of undergraduate medical students on current curriculum and teaching methodology of pharmacology in four medical colleges of India: a questionnaire based study.

Background: The objective of current study was to obtain an opinion from 2nd professional year passed medical students on current curriculum, teaching methodology and importance of pharmacology subject and to identify the area of improvement. Methods: A set questionnaire was distributed among randomly distributed to 2nd year passed 100 undergraduate (UG) students to each of four medical colleges. They were instructed to tick out the best possible option of each question on the basis of their own perceptions. They are also asked to give suggestion to improve teaching and learning of pharmacology subject. Results: Out of the 400 students, only 387 responses of students were suitable for data analysis. The majority of students 99.22% (384) were unsatisfied with the practical teaching. Teachings of preparing and dispensing types of exercises were irrelevant in today’s clinical practice according to 87.78% of the students and were in favor of the deletion of such exercises from the curriculum. The analysis showed that 62.27% of the students were the opinion that animals should not be used in experimental pharmacology. More than half of the UGs (63%) supported the use of computer assisted learning. All of the students were interested in the inclusion of case, problem and multiple choice based question discussions in the regular teaching classes followed by quizzes (31.78%) and group discussions (14.47) while small number of students (1.03%) were interested in the conduction of seminars. Conclusion: There is an urgent need to reform the curriculum and practical teaching methods for fulfilling the objective of reading pharmacology.

Articulação prático-teórica e a produção de inovação no mestrado profissional em ensino em ciências da saúde / Articulating theory and practice and producing innovation in the professional master's degree program in health sciences teaching

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a experiência da disciplina de pós-graduação Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre as Práticas (GEPPRA) do Programa de Mestrado Profissional em Ensino em Ciências da Saúde, da Universidade Federal de São Paulo UNIFESP, campus Baixada Santista, com foco na metodologia dos escribas, sua potência como método de ensino-aprendizagem e como fonte de reflexão. O corpus analisado foi de 14 registros elaborados por estudantes e docentes, e as etapas de análise foram: análise pragmática automática dos textos com auxílio do programa Alceste; análise de conteúdo dos trechos que continham as palavras-chave: Geppra (Geppra I, Geppra II), Escriba (escrito, escrever) e Trabalho (fazer, prática e reflexão) para identificar alguns sentidos atribuídos ao GEPPRA; a metodologia dos escribas; e efeitos da disciplina na prática profissional. Os resultados apontam que foi possível construir coletivamente uma nova textualidade em rede, a partir de uma experiência reflexiva, com troca, discussão e questionamento sobre as maneiras de lidar com situações desafiadoras no trabalho. Afirma-se a potência da ferramenta dos escribas e o seu uso em outros contextos de formação ou nos processos grupais, sejam acadêmicos e/ou clínicos.

This paper aims to analyze the experience of the discipline "Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre as Práticas" (GEPPRA - Study and Research Group on Practices) of the Professional Master's Degree Program in Health Sciences Teaching of the Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Baixada Santista Campus. The focus was on the scribe method and its strong points as a teaching-learning method and as a source of reflection. The analyzed corpus was composed of fourteen texts written by students and professors. The analysis stages were: automatic pragmatic analysis of the texts with the aid of the Alceste software; content analysis of passages that contained the following keywords: Geppra (Geppra I, Geppra II), Scribe (written, write) and Work (action, practice and reflection), in order to identify some of the meanings attributed to GEPPRA; the scribe method; and effects of this discipline in the professional practice. Results show that it was possible to build a new network textuality collectively, based on a reflective experience, with exchanges, discussions and questionings concerning ways to deal with challenging work scenarios. This study shows that the scribe methodology is a powerful tool that can be used in other professional education contexts or group processes, both academic and/or clinical.

Undergraduate thesis project in major of biomedical engineering / 医疗卫生装备

The factors for the undergraduate thesis design in biomedical engineering specialty were analyzed from the as-pects of tutor, student and administration, and some suggestions were proposed accordingly to enhance the undergraduate thesis design in biomedical engineering specialty.

Application of comprehensively-designed experiment teaching methodology in the teaching of geriatric nursing / 现代临床护理

Objective To explore the effect of comprehensively-designed experiment teaching methodology in the teaching of geriatric nursing. Methods Sixty-three nursing students in the grade of 2010 were assigned into the experiment group, where the comprehensively-designed experiment teaching methodology were adopted. And the fifty-eight nursing students in the grade of 2009 were assigned as the control group, where the traditional experiment teaching methods were adopted. The two groups were compared in terms of theory test scores and evaluations to the two teaching methods. Result The theory examination score and students'evaluation in the experiment were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Comprehensively-designed experiment teaching method used in the teaching of geriatric nursing is beneficial for the students to improve their interest in learning, cultivate their comprehensive quality, shorten the gap between the experimental teaching and clinical practice and improve the teaching effect of geriatric nursing.

Investigating the teaching methodology of English for science and technology in the major of biomedical engineering / 中华医学教育探索杂志

English for science and technology (EST) is the language medium for academic communication among scientists and technologists. The expression of EST is characterized by concise-ness, correctness, objectiveness and understandability. The EST course is regarded as a key process for the undergraduate students to reinforce the English foundation and improve the capacity of English application after their College English study. In this paper, the authors introduced an interest-motivated, output-dominated, snowballing and interactive teaching strategy, according to the accumulated experi-ence of EST teaching in the past few years coupled with the unique medicine-engineering combined characteristics for the major of biomedical engineering.

Perception of the use of teaching videos in preclinical training of Chilean dentistry students, 2013 / Percepción del uso de video didáctico en la formación preclínica de estudiantes chilenos de odontología, 2013

The use of educational videos is a valuable tool in preclinical dental training, as long as the pedagogical objectives match the appropriate learning stage. Accordingly, this teaching innovation suggests the realization of three types of didactic videos inserted in a specially designed pedagogical methodology for the preclinical cycle. After half a semester of use, quantitative results yielded a positive perception in relation to the promotion of evaluation criteria and conflictual tone development. On the other hand, perception of negotiation promotion and reaching consensus was divided into positive and negative. Both the analysis of frequency access to online videos and category formation clearly highlight the importance students give to demonstrative videos as well as the teacher’s role when using them. By way of conclusion, it can be said that students considered educational videos, especially the demonstrative type, as a useful tool for developing conflictual tone and evaluation criteria, being always complementary to the role that the teacher who guides their preclinical training plays.

El uso del video didáctico es una herramienta valiosa en la formación preclínica del odontólogo, siempre y cuando logre hacer coincidir los objetivos pedagógicos con la etapa de aprendizaje adecuada. En esta línea, esta innovación docente plantea la realización de tres tipos de video didácticos insertados en una metodología docente especialmente diseñada, en el ciclo de preclínica. Luego de un semestre de utilización los resultados cuantitativos arrojaron una percepción positiva en relación al fomento del desarrollo del criterio de evaluación y tono conflictual, mientras que la percepción del fomento de la negociación y toma de acuerdo estuvo dividida en positivas y negativas. Tanto el análisis de frecuencia de acceso a los videos en línea como el levantamiento de categorías dejan de manifiesto la importancia que le dan los estudiantes a los videos demostrativos como también al rol docente durante su utilización. A modo de conclusión se puede decir que los estudiantes consideraron al video didáctico, especialmente los de tipo demostrativo, como una herramienta útil para el desarrollo del tono conflictual y criterio evaluador, siendo siempre complementaria al rol docente que guía su formación preclínica.

Pesquisa sobre a contaminação de hortaliças por ovos e larvas de nematódeos e cistos de protozoários como método de estudo / Research on the contamination of vegetables with eggs and larvae of nematodes and protozoa cysts as study method

Objetivou-se descrever uma prática de ensino integrada à pesquisa que poderá ser desenvolvida tanto em escolas de ensino fundamental e médio quanto em universidades. A pesquisa foi realizada de 2002 a 2011 como atividade prática da disciplina de Parasitologia aplicada ao curso de Nutrição. Cada equipe de trabalho recebeu um roteiro prático (projeto) com as instruções para a realização da pesquisa de enteroparasitos em hortaliças. Estas foram processadas pela técnica de sedimentação espontânea utilizando-se um aparato desenvolvido com material reciclável. A observação do sedimento corado com lugol foi realizada entre lâmina e lamínula. Constatou-se contaminação em dez espécies de hortaliças com 36,4 por cento (56/154) de positividade; destas, 48,8 por cento para larvas de helmintos, 23,3 por cento para cistos de protozoários e 13,9 por cento para ovos de helmintos. A aceitação dos alunos em relação à atividade prática foi expressiva (98,4 por cento). Esta prática vem contribuindo para a formação do acadêmico, dinamizando e incentivando o estudo da Parasitologia e alertando aos futuros profissionais da saúde sobre o fato de que a veiculação de parasitos em hortaliças consumidas in natura constitui uma questão de segurança alimentar e, consequentemente, de saúde pública...

The objective of the present study was to describe a teaching practice integrated with research that could be developed in primary and junior high schools and universities. The research was carried out from 2002 to 2011 as a practical activity of Parasitology applied to the Nutrition Course. Each work team received a practical plan (project) with instructions to carry out enteroparasite research in vegetables. The vegetables were processed using the principle of the spontaneous sedimentation technique with a device developed with recycled material. The sediment was observed between a slide and a lugol-stained slide. Contamination was found in ten vegetable species with 36.4 percent (56/154) positivity. Of these, 48.8 percent were helminths, 23.3 percent protozoan cysts and 13.9 percent helminth eggs. Student evaluation of the practical activity was positive with 98.4 percent acceptance. This practice has contributed to the education of academics, enlivening and encouraging the study of parasitology and alerting future health professionals that parasites carried in vegetables eaten raw are a concern for food safety and consequently, public health...