Aprendizagem baseada em equipes na educação de enfermeiros: uma revisão integrativa / Team-based learning in nurse education: an integrative review / Aprendizaje en educación de enfermedades basado en equipo: un examen integrativo

Introdução: As mudanças nas estratégias de ensino ao longo dos anos têm proporcionado destaque na procura por metodologias ativas que sejam flexíveis e que garantem um melhor aproveitamento dos conteúdos ministrados em sala de aula, nesse sentindo, a aprendizagem baseada em equipe ou team-based learning é uma metodologia ativa que envolve trabalho em equipe, raciocínio e pensamento lógico para estimular os discentes podendo ser efetiva para o ensino em enfermagem. Objetivo: avaliar a efetividade da aprendizagem baseada em equipes na educação de enfermeiros. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa, com a seguinte questão de pesquisa: O que as evidências mostram sobre a aprendizagem baseada em equipes na educação de enfermeiros? As buscas foram realizadas em três bases de dados, usando descritores do Decs e Mesh terms. Resultados: Ao todo foram selecionados dez estudos na amostra final, que versavam sobre desempenho acadêmico, desenvolvimento de habilidades emocionais e físicas, competências fundamentais para desenvolvimento de aptidões na prática clínica. O estudo permitiu compreender sobre a aprendizagem baseada em equipes e afirmar sua eficácia para atuar na educação de enfermeiros, onde foi evidenciado que os estudantes obtiveram maior conhecimento individual e coletivo, puderam trocar experiências com colegas e foram estimulados a trabalhar em equipe. Conclusão: Dessa forma, considera-se que novas pesquisas devem ser realizadas nesta linha de investigação, a fim de afirmar a necessidade de mais estudos que apoiem a utilização do método no ensino de enfermagem.

Introduction: The changes in teaching strategies over the years have provided an emphasis in the search for active methodologies that are flexible and that guarantee a better use of the contents taught in the classroom, in this sense, team-based learning is an active methodology that involves teamwork, reasoning and logical thinking to stimulate students and can be effective for nursing education. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of team-based learning in nursing education. Methodology: This is an integrative review study, with the following research question: What does the evidence show about team-based learning in nursing education? Searches were conducted on three databases, using Decs descriptors and Mesh terms. Results: All in all, ten studies were selected in the final sample, which dealt with academic performance, emotional and physical skills development, fundamental competencies for the development of skills in clinical practice. The study allowed us to understand about team-based learning and to affirm its effectiveness in nursing education, where it was evidenced that students gained greater individual and collective knowledge, were able to exchange experiences with colleagues and were stimulated to work as a team. Conclusion: Thus, it is considered that new research should be carried out in this line of investigation, in order to affirm the need for more studies that support the use of the method in nursing teaching.

Introducción: Los cambios en las estrategias de enseñanza a lo largo de los años han puesto de relieve la demanda de metodologías activas que sean flexibles y que garanticen un mejor uso del contenido que se enseña en el aula, en este sentido, team- based learning en el equipo o el aprendizaje basado en el equipo es una metodología activa que implica trabajo en equipo, razonamiento y pensamiento lógico para estimular a los alumnos y que puede ser eficaz para la enfermería. Objetivo: evaluar la eficacia del aprendizaje en equipo en la educación de enfermeras. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio de revisión integrador, con la siguiente pregunta de investigación: ¿Qué muestra la evidencia sobre el aprendizaje basado en equipos en la educación de enfermeras? Las búsquedas se realizaron en tres bases de datos utilizando descriptores de términos Decs y Mesh terms. Resultados: En total, se seleccionaron diez estudios en la muestra final, que abarcaron el desempeño académico, el desarrollo de habilidades emocionales y físicas, competencias fundamentales para el desarrollo de aptitudes en la práctica clínica. El estudio permitió comprender el aprendizaje basado en equipos y establecer su efectividad en la educación de enfermeras, donde se evidenció que los estudiantes obtuvieron mayor conocimiento individual y colectivo, fueron capaces de intercambiar experiencias con sus colegas y se les estimuló a trabajar en equipo. Conclusión: De esta manera, se considera que se debe realizar una investigación adicional en esta línea de investigación para confirmar la necesidad de realizar nuevos estudios que apoyen el uso del método en la educación de enfermería.

COVID-19 as an enabler for enhancing online learning and teaching skills for nurse educators at the University of Namibia: Prospects and challenges

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused instability in the education system and has compelled higher education institutions (HEIs) to find alternative ways of teaching and learning by making use of the latest online teaching approaches. Aim: The purpose of the study was to explore how COVID-19 could serve as an enabler for the enhancement of online learning and teaching skills for nurse educators at the University of Namibia with specific emphasis on prospects and challenges. Setting: Semi-structured interviews were conducted in English at a public nursing education institution located in the northeast of Namibia. Methods: A qualitative explorative, descriptive and contextual research design was used. Data were collected by means of in-depth semi-structured interviews with 18 nurse educators from the School of Nursing. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Field notes were simultaneously taken to enrich the data. Results: The study revealed three themes: nurse educators' experiences of the use of online learning and teaching skills, COVID-19 as an enabler for enhancing online learning and teaching skills and strategies to sustain online teaching and learning. Conclusion: Internet technology has generated a surge in demand for web-based teaching and learning. The online learning mode was not effectively utilised during the COVID-19 era because of inadequate technological skills on the part of nurse educators. Contribution: These findings can be used by universities to equip students and academic staff with skills to adapt to e-learning as the new modus operandi in learning and teaching in the post-COVID-19 era.

Importância das habilidades de ensino em saúde atribuída por estudantes e professores universitários / Importance of health teaching skills attributed by university students and professors / Importancia de las habilidades de la enseñanza en la salud que le atribuyen los estudiantes y los profesores universitarios

Resumo O artigo teve como objetivo analisar a importância atribuída às habilidades de ensino em saúde por estudantes e docentes universitários dos cursos de Enfermagem e Medicina. Os dados foram coletados em 2017 com base na aplicação de duas escalas de habilidades de ensino em saúde a 315 estudantes e 80 docentes. Foram analisadas, por meio de testes não paramétricos, diferenças entre grupos de estudantes (tipo de curso, de instituição e faixa etária) e de professores (tipo de curso, de instituição, tempo de atuação e tipo de prática docente). Os resultados indicaram elevada importância das habilidades de ensino em saúde tanto para professores quanto para estudantes universitários. Foram observadas, também, diferenças significativas entre estudantes dos cursos de Enfermagem e Medicina, de instituições públicas e privadas, assim como de professores com tempos de atuação e práticas docentes distintas. Esse resultado incentiva a realização de pesquisas que avaliem as habilidades de ensino em saúde adotadas em cursos universitários, pois contribuem diretamente para o desenvolvimento de ações de formação docente.

Abstract The article aimed to analyze the importance attributed to health teaching skills by students and university professors of Nursing and Medicine courses. The data were collected in 2017 based on the application of two health teaching skill scales to 315 students and 80 teachers. Differences between groups of students (type of course, institution and age group) and teachers (type of course, institution, length of service and type of teaching practice) were analyzed using non-parametric tests. The results indicated a high importance of health teaching skills for both teachers and university students. Significant differences were also observed between students from the Nursing and Medicine courses, from public and private institutions, as well as from professors with different working times and teaching practices. This result encourages research to assess the health teaching skills adopted in university courses, as they directly contribute to the development of teacher training actions.

Resumen El artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar la importancia que les atribuyen a las habilidades de la enseñanza en la salud los estudiantes y los docentes universitarios de los cursos de Enfermería y Medicina. Los datos se recogieron en 2017 con base en la aplicación de dos escalas de habilidades de enseñanza en la salud a 315 estudiantes y a 80 docentes. Se analizaron, por medio de tests no paramétricos, diferencias entre grupos de estudiantes (tipo de curso, de institución y franja de edad) y de profesores (tipo de curso, de institución, tiempo de actuación y tipo de práctica docente). Los resultados indicaron elevada importancia de las habilidades de enseñanza en la salud tanto para profesores como para estudiantes universitarios. Se observaron, también, diferencias significativas entre estudiantes de los cursos de Enfermería y Medicina, de instituciones públicas y privadas, así como de profesores con tiempos de actuación y prácticas docentes distintas. Este resultado incentiva la realización de estudios que evalúen las habilidades de la enseñanza en la salud adoptadas en cursos universitarios, pues contribuye directamente para el desarrollo de acciones de formación docente.

Continuing education of physical education teachers and self-assessment of the teaching domain

AIMS: to diagnose continuing education initiatives and training needs of physical education teachers. The frequency, limitations and alternatives to continuing education were characterized and self-assessment areas of knowledge essential to teaching were analyzed. METHODS: Data were obtained from 18 beginning teachers, using the Professional Career Characterization Questionnaire, an inventory of needs and characterization of continuing training and self-assessment of skills in areas of knowledge essential to teaching. Qualitative data were systematized and quantitative data analyzed by descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Teachers performed 78 continuing training activities over the last four years, 43 in the technical area of physical education and 28 in school-based Physical Education. The most attended subjects were short-duration and graduate courses. The main limitations identified were the financial and time constraints to training. Self-assessment of the teaching areas was deemed to be sufficient, indicating a margin for new learning. CONCLUSION: The teachers showed commitment to their training, with a focus on teaching and awareness of its importance in professional development.(AU)

An Excellent Teacher.

A teacher plays a key role in medical training programs and is responsible for the success or failure of many education developments. This article examines the attributes of an excellent medical teacher using a three-circle model. In the inner circle are the technical skills required by the teacher as an information provider, a facilitator of learning, a curriculum developer, and an assessor. In the middle circle is how the teacher approaches their teaching—with an understanding of basic education principles, with appropriate attitudes and ethics, with an evidence-informed strategy, and working as a team member. In the outer circle is the professionalism of the teacher, evaluating their own competence and keeping up-todate with their subject and education practice.

Evaluation of Small Group Discussion as a Teaching- Learning Method in Biochemistry for First Year MBBS Students: A Pilot Study.

Background: Significance of Small Group Discussion as a teaching learning method is yet to be explored in teaching Biochemistry for medical students in India. Hence, this experimental pilot study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of small group discussion for first year MBBS students in learning Biochemistry. Materials and Methods: A voluntary group of 40 first year MBBS students were chosen randomly for the study comprising of both high achievers and low achievers. Study was conducted on a particular day for five consecutive weeks. In each session, small group discussion study pattern included a pretest followed by group discussion then by a post-test. Participants‘ feedback was obtained after completion of the study. Statistical comparisons were done on each PAIR (pre-test and post-test) of Mean scores obtained and Pearson‘s correlation co-efficient were calculated for each pair. Statistical significance was obtained at p<0.05. Results: Mean post-test scores were increased compared to mean pre-test scores in each PAIR and the increase was statistically significant. Significant positive correlations were observed between pretest scores and post-test scores in all PAIRS. Majority of the study group felt that small group discussion method will enhance their learning and memory. Conclusion: This pilot study emphasizes that small group teaching is an effective teaching learning method to develop the student‘s critical thinking and problem-solving skills. However, larger studies at several medical colleges for a longer duration have to be undertaken before arriving at a conclusion.

Competencias del profesorado en las TIC: Influencia de factores personales y contextúales / ICT Competences of teachers: Influence of personal and contextual factors

Las competencias del profesorado en las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación siguen siendo un elemento crucial para el desarrollo educativo. Este trabajo pretende establecer un marco que permita concretar las relaciones de los dos elementos competenciales (tecnológico y pedagógico) y analizar la influencia de factores personales y contextuales clave. La información se ha recogido a partir de un cuestionario en una muestra de 868 profesores de educación primaria y secundaria en la Comunidad Valenciana (España). Los resultados muestran la importancia de un enfoque multivariado, para valorar la complejidad del problema. Aportan una visión de las influencias de los diversos factores personales y contextuales que van más allá de los numerosas aportaciones basadas en enfoques univariados. Esto es muy relevante para el desarrollo de las políticas educativas, tanto las relativas a los programas de dotaciones como las destinadas a la formación del profesorado.

The ICT competences of teachers remain a crucial issue for educational development. This work aims to establish a framework to specify the relations of the two elements of competence (technological and pedagogical) and analyze the influence of key personal and contextual factors. The data were collected from a questionnaire in a sample of868 teachers from primary and secondary education in Comunidad Valenciana (Spain). The results show the importance of a multivariate approach to assess the complexity of the problem. They provide an overview of the influences of different personal and contextual factors that go beyond the many contributions based on univariate approaches. This is very relevant to the development of education policies for both programs for endowments as those aimed at teacher training.

Promoting teachers' awareness and ability of teaching through organizing teaching competition / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Competition of teaching skills is regarded as an effective means to develop teacher's ability in teaching.This article briefly described a teaching competition at a medical school from participant identification,requirement clarification,training before competition,evaluation index screening and interviewer selection.Meanwhile the article further analyzed and analyzed the problems arising from the competition and proposed measures to promote teachers' awareness and ability of teaching.

Investigation on the demand for clinical teachers' teaching skill training in medicine higher education / 中华医学教育探索杂志

To understand the higher medical clinical teaching base teachers'demand for the training of basic teaching skills,we use our self-made questionaire to make a survey on teachers of specialty and the result shows that the trachers of different age and different technical post title have different demand.We thus put forward some suggestions to enhance the clinical teaching base teachers'teaching level

Enforcement and analysis of the Objective Structured Teaching Evaluation / 医学教育

In Japan, awareness has increased in recent years of the importance of evaluating clinical educators. In Europe and North America, the Objective Structured Teaching Evaluation (OSTE), which employs standardized students, multiple stations, video recording, and scoring by multiple observers, is used to evaluate clinical educators. We report on the implementation of an OSTE in Japan.1) Ten clinician-educator physicians participated in the OSTE, which comprised 5 stations and included standardized residents. The stations were video-recorded, and the educators were assessed by 7 different evaluators.2) The educators were evaluated with a checklist and a 5-point scale. We assessed the reliability and validity of the checklist and analyzed the background characteristics of the clinician educators.3) The factors most closely associated with high ratings on the checklist and the 5-point scale were: having a history of attendance at a seminar for clinician-educators, having greater than 5 years experience as an educator, and not being an internist. There was no interobserver variability among the evaluators.4) The generalizability of the checklist was 0.81, and its reliability index was 0.83. The correlation coefficient between the total scale score and the checklist score was 0.8. 5) Although biases by participants were identified, our project suggests that the OSTE could be used in Japan to objectively evaluate the teaching skills of clinician-educators. Further research on the OSTE in Japan is warranted.

The Objective Structured Teaching Evaluation / 医学教育

1)With the implementation of mandatory clinical residency in Japan, resident evaluations have become an important part of clinical education. Recently, however, a greater emphasis has been placed on the evaluation of physician instructors. In the West, research examining the teaching skills of clinical physicians has been ongoing since the 1970s and is reviewed in this paper.<br>2)The Objective Structured Teaching Evaluation (OSTE), which uses standardized students, multiple stations, video recordings, and scoring by observers, was developed in the 1990s.<br>3)Unlike the Objective Structured Clinical Examination, which is an evaluation tool for medical students and residents, the OSTE is rarely used to evaluate individual performances or used as a part of certification exams. Instead, the OSTE serves as a tool for faculty development or as an outcome measure for the effectiveness of faculty development education initiatives.<br>4)If available in Japan, the OSTE would be an excellent resource for improving the teaching skills of physicians and would be a useful tool for training sessions for physician instructors. More research is needed to facilitate the introduction of the OSTE to Japan in the future.