Prevalence of dry eye disease in an urban community

@#<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>OBJECTIVE:</strong> To determine the prevalence of dry eye disease in an urban community in the Philippines.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>METHODS:</strong> This was a community-based cross-sectional study. Convenience sampling was conducted on residents of Barangay 733, Sampaloc, Manila, Philippines. One hundred fifty-seven participants, 19 years old and above, underwent investigator-led interview using a dry-eye questionnaire, followed by dry-eye examination consisting fluorescein tear break-up time (TBUT), corneal staining with fluorescein, conjunctival and posterior lid margin staining (PLM) with lissamine green, and Schirmer I test with and without anesthesia.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>RESULTS:</strong> Of the 157 participants recruited, 148 (94%) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 52.35 years; 95 (64.2%) were females and 53 (35.8%) males. Thirty-four (22.9%) were diagnosed with dry eye disease, and the most common symptom reported was itching (76%). Those with dry eye had significantly higher ocular surface disease index score and subjective grading of ocular discomfort compared with those without the disease. Mean TBUT for those without dry eye was 12.74 seconds compared with 8.84 seconds for the dry eye group. The mean fluorescein corneal staining scores were 2 and 20 for the none and the dry eye groups respectively. The mean lissamine green conjunctival staining scores were 14 and 55 respectively. A positive PLM sign was present in 67.6% with dry eye vs. 5.6% in the none dry eye group. Mean Schirmer I test without anesthesia was 18.53 mm and 17.09 mm in the none and dry eye groups respectively. Mean Schirmer I test with anesthesia was 13.36 mm vs. 11.94 mm respectively.</p> <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> The prevalence rate of dry eye disease in an urban community in Manila was 22.9%. This figure was similar to those reported by neighboring Asian countries.</p>

Estabilidad de la película lagrimal precorneal / Stability of the precorneal tear film

Una película lagrimal estable es requisito indispensable para el adecuado funcionamiento óptico y metabólicodel ojo. Alto porcentaje de condiciones asociadas con ojo seco, las complicaciones debidas al usode lentes de contacto y, en general, las alteraciones de la lágrima están relacionadas con la inestabilidad de la película lagrimal. Por tanto, es importante conocer y entender los conceptos inherentes a la estabilidad lagrimal, los fenómenos involucrados en las diferentes teorías propuestas y las técnicas para evaluarla, para poder realizar diagnósticos más precisos que permitan tratamientos efectivos. En esta revisión bibliográfica se presentarán diferentes modelos planteados para explicar de la estabilidad lagrimal y su inestabilidad con el fin de tener una visión más ampliade este importante fenómeno fisico químico algo desconocido y aún menos entendido por los profesionales de la salud visual y ocular.

stable tear film is pre requisite for the proper functioning optical and metabolic eye. High percentage of conditions associated with dry eye, complications due to use of contact lenses and alterations of the tear are generally related to the instability of the tear film. Therefore, it is important to know and understand the terms related to tear stability, phenomena involved in different proposed theories and techniques to evaluate it, in order to make more accurate diagnosis, enabling effective treatments. Based on This literature review it will present models to explain the tear stability and instability to have a broader view of this important physico-chemical phenomenon unknown and even less understood by visual and ocular health professionals.