Predictive factors of quality of life in temporal and extratemporal lobe epilepsy: association with affective temperament profiles and psychiatric comorbidities / Factores predictivos de la calidad de vida en la epilepsia del lóbulo temporal y extratemporal: asociación con perfiles de temperamento afectivo y comorbilidades psiquiátricas

ABSTRACT Background: Investigating predictive factors of reduced quality of life (QOL) of patients and their association with focal epilepsy can improve management and treatment strategies. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between affective temperaments, depression, anxiety, disease characteristics, and QOL and to explore the predictors of QOL in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and extratemporal lobe epilepsy (ETLE). Methods: A total of 50 patients with TLE, 51 patients with ETLE, and 70 controls were enrolled. Affective temperaments were evaluated using the Temperament Evaluation of Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego-Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A). QOL was assessed by the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory were used to explore depression and anxiety severity, respectively. Results: Compared with the controls, patients with TLE and ETLE had significantly higher scores on all TEMPS-A scales, except on hyperthymic temperament. All the SF-36 subscale scores were lower in the TLE and ETLE groups. Linear regression analysis revealed that depressive symptoms, anxiety, depressive and irritable temperament, and seizure frequency were significant predictors of QOL in TLE. Patients with ETLE with temperamental disturbances, depressive symptoms, and polytherapy had a poorer QOL. Conclusions: Affective temperaments, psychiatric disorders, and clinical factors may predict impaired QOL in patients with TLE and ETLE. Further studies are needed to identify predictors of QOL in various epilepsy subtypes.

RESUMEN Antecedentes: Explorar los factores asociados y predictivos que reducen la calidad de vida en la epilepsia focal produce un efecto beneficioso en las estrategias de gestión y tratamiento. Objetivo: Investigar la relación entre temperamentos afectivos, depresión, ansiedad, características de la enfermedad y calidad de vida (QOL) y explorar los predictores de QOL en pacientes con epilepsia del lóbulo temporal (TLE) y epilepsia del lóbulo extratemporal (ETLE). Métodos: Se inscribieron un total de 50 pacientes con TLE, 51 pacientes con ETLE y 70 controles. Los temperamentos afectivos se evaluaron mediante el cuestionario de autoevaluación de Temperamento de Memphis, Pisa, París y San Diego (TEMPS-A). La calidad de vida se evaluó mediante la encuesta de salud de formato corto (SF-36). También se realizó a todos los participantes el Inventario de Depresión de Beck (BDI) y el Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck (BAI). Resultados: Los pacientes con TLE y ETLE tuvieron puntuaciones significativamente más altas en todas las escalas TEMPS-A que los controles, excepto la hipertimia . En la comparación de las puntuaciones del SF-36 dentro de cada grupo, todas las subescalas fueron más bajas en los pacientes con TLE y ETLE. El análisis de regresión lineal reveló que la depresión y la ansiedad, el temperamento depresivo e irritable y la frecuencia de las convulsiones fueron predictores significativos de la calidad de vida en el TLE. Además, los pacientes con ETLE con desequilibrios de temperamento afectivo, depresión comórbida y politerapia tenían una peor calidad de vida. Conclusiones: Los temperamentos afectivos, los trastornos psiquiátricos y los factores clínicos pueden predecir el deterioro de la calidad de vida en pacientes con TLE y ETLE. Se necesitan más estudios para descubrir los predictores de la calidad de vida en varios subtipos de epilepsia.

Perfil MBTI e a Tipologia dos Quatro Temperamentos: relações possíveis entre cargos de gestão e não gestão / MBTI Profile and the Four Temperament Typology: possible relationships between management and non-management positions / Perfil MBTI y la tipología de cuatro temperamentos: posibles relaciones entre puestos gerenciales y no gerenciales

A presente pesquisa objetivou avaliar a existência de um perfil de personalidade e de temperamento que possa ser associado aos ocupantes de cargos de gestão. Para isso foi realizada a análise documentária de 240.233 protocolos do MBTI, do banco de dados da empresa representante da ferramenta no Brasil, emitidos no período de 2007 a 2015. Como a base de dados para este estudo foi documental, não houve necessidade de submetê-lo ao Comitê de Ética, mas apenas da autorização expressa da empresa. Para a análise do temperamento, utilizou-se a teoria de David Keirsey por permitir sua associação com o MBTI. Da totalidade de protocolos analisados, 12,55% ocupavam algum cargo de gestão quando avaliados. Os resultados apontaram que as tipologias de personalidade ESTJ (Extrovertido, Sensorial, Racional, Julgador) e ISTJ (Introvertido, Sensorial, Racional, Julgador) e o temperamento Guardião são as que mais se destacam para todos os tipos de cargos. Conclui-se que não há uma tipologia ou um de temperamento que diferencie pessoas que ocupam cargos de gestão das que não ocupam, porém, há tipologias e temperamentos mais frequentemente observados para os profissionais de diversos cargos.

The present research aims to evaluate the existence of profiles from personality and temperament which can be associated with the occupants of management positions. In order to understand this relation, a documentary analysis has been made using 240,233 MBTI protocols, which represents the database of the company that owns the tool in Brazil from the period of 2007 to 2015. The theory of David Keirsey was used for this purpose and according to the characteristics of this study and the rules of the Ethics Committee, only the express authorization of the company was needed. The results indicate the ESTJ (Extroverted, Sensory, Rational, Judging) and ISTJ (Introverted, Sensory, Rational, Judging) personality typologies and the Guardian temperament are the ones that stand out the most for all types of positions and also 12.55% of the people analyzed in protocols occupied some management position. The conclusion presented there are no typology or temperament profiles that differentiate people who occupy management positions from those who do not. However, there are typologies and temperaments more frequently observed for professionals in different positions.

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar la existencia de un perfil de personalidad y temperamento que puede asociarse a los ocupantes de los puestos de dirección. Para ello, se realizó un análisis documental de 240.233 protocolos MBTI de la base de datos de la empresa representante de la herramienta en Brasil, emitidos en el periodo de 2007 a 2015. Como la base de datos de este estudio era documental, no fue necesario presentarla al Comité de Ética, solamente de la autorización expresa de la empresa. Para el análisis del temperamento, se utilizó la teoría de David Keirsey porque permite su asociación con el MBTI. De todos los protocolos analizados, 12,55% ocupaba algún cargo directivo en el momento de la evaluación. Los resultados señalaron que las tipologías de personalidad ESTJ (Extrovertida, Sensorial, Racional, Juiciosa) e ISTJ (Introvertida, Sensorial, Racional, Juiciosa) y el temperamento Guardián son los más destacados para todos los tipos de trabajo. Se concluye que no existe una tipología o un temperamento que diferencie a las personas que ocupan cargos directivos de las que no lo hacen, sin embargo, hay tipologías y temperamentos que se observan con mayor frecuencia para profesionales de diversos cargos.

Clinical Correlates of Alcohol Use Disorder in Depressed Patients with Unipolar and Bipolar Disorder

OBJECTIVE: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is one of the most frequent comorbid conditions in mood disorders. We aimed to examine the relationships between clinical phenotypes of acutely depressed subjects and co-occurring AUD.METHODS: Clinical assessment including diagnosis of mood disorder and co-occurring AUD, the severity of depressive or manic symptoms, and affective temperaments were conducted in 137 subjects suffering from a major depressive episode. According to the presence of AUD, clinical variables were compared between the two groups. Using binary logistic regression models, the effects of mood symptoms and affective temperaments on the risk of AUD were determined.RESULTS: Severity of manic symptoms, suicidal ideation, and childhood trauma were higher in the AUD group than in the non-AUD group. Scores for irritable and hyperthymic temperament were higher and the score for anxious temperament was lower in the AUD group. In regression models adjusting confounders, anxious temperament was an independent protector against AUD. On the other hand, the diagnosis of bipolar disorder and the irritable manic symptom dimension increased the risk of AUD.CONCLUSION: Anxious temperament decreased the AUD risk, whereas irritable manic symptoms increased the risk during depression. AUD in mood disorders may be an expression of manic psychopathology.

The Border between Bipolar Disorder and Personality Disorders / 신경정신의학

The concept of bipolar spectrum disorder (BSD) has developed to include affective temperaments such as cyclothymia and hyperthymia. This has greatly helped clinicians to differentiate depressed patients, who would potentially benefit from mood stabilizing treatment, from those with unipolar depression. Cyclothymia, however, has significant similarities with personality disorders, especially with borderline personality disorder (BPD). All the diagnostic items for BPD are frequently found in patients with BSD as well, which presents diagnostic challenges. There are no clear guidelines on how to differentiate BSD from BPD. Featuring borderline pathology for clinical purposes, it may be useful to rely on psychodynamic approaches to identify primitive defense mechanisms of splitting and projective identification suggesting borderline personality organization. Based on new findings on common features between BSD and BPD, some authors have proposed a renewal of the classification system of mental disorders. The dichotomy of bipolar and unipolar depression has gestated a new concept of BSD. Currently, the BSD concept forced us to formulate the border of BSD and personality disorders.

Validação da versão em português brasileiro da ferramenta de triagem de sintomas pré-menstruais e associação entre sintomas disfóricos pré-menstruais, temperamentos afetivos e qualidade de vida em uma amostra de mulheres brasileiras

O Transtorno Disfórico Pré-Menstrual (TDPM) afeta aproximadamente três a oito por cento das mulheres em idade fértil. Tal quadro é caracterizado por uma miríade demanifestações psicológicas (tristeza, irritabilidade, choro fácil, etc.) e físicas (dores nas articulações, inchaço, sensibilidade mamária etc.). O TDPM gera enorme sofrimento amulheres que apresentam esse quadro, acarretando disfunção no trabalho, nas relações interpessoais e prejuízo na qualidade de vida. A sintomatologia é cíclica e surge na fase lúteado ciclo menstrual, desaparecendo após o início da menstruação. Temperamentos afetivos são considerados manifestações subclínicas e precursores dos transtornos afetivos. Neste trabalho,buscou-se validar a Ferramenta de Triagem de Sintomas Pré-Menstruais (PSST), bem comoverificar se diferentes temperamentos afetivos e dimensões emocionais estariam associados a um rastreio positivo para TDPM em uma amostra de mulheres brasileiras e como a gravidaded estes sintomas poderia impactar de modo independente a qualidade de vida nesta amostra.Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo e transversal realizado em instituições universitárias do Estado do Ceará [Universidade Federal do Ceará – UFC, Centro Universitário Christus –Unichristus e Universidade de Fortaleza – UNIFOR, bem como no Hospital Universitário Walter Cantídio (HUWC), com estudantes universitárias, docentes e profissionais da saúde, totalizando uma amostra de 801 mulheres...

percent of women of childbearing age. This situation is characterized by a myriad ofpsychological (sadness, irritability, tearfulness, etc.) and physical (joint pain, bloating, breasttenderness, etc.) manifestations. PMDD generates significant distress to women leading topsychosocial dysfunction and impaired quality of life. The symptoms are cyclical and appearin the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, disappearing after the onset of menstruation.Affective Temperaments are considered subclinical manifestations and intermediatephenotypes of affective disorders. In this work, we sought to validate the PremenstrualSymptoms Screening Tool (PSST). In addition, we aimed to verify if different affectivetemperaments and emotional dimensions could be associated with a positive screening forPMDD in a sample of Brazilian women and how the severity of premenstrual symptomscould independently impact the quality of life of this sample. This is a quantitative and crosssectionalstudy in universities of Ceará [Federal University of Ceará - UFC, University CentreChristus - Unichristus and University of Fortaleza – UNIFOR, as well as at the UniversityHospital Walter Cantídio (HUWC)], with university students, teachers and healt hprofessionals...

Relationships between Chronotypes and Temperament and Character Dimensions in Healthy Young Adults

OBJECTIVES: Circadian rhythms have been known to have associations with psychiatric disorders and personality traits. The present study investigated the relationships between circadian typology and temperaments/characters in a non-clinical Korean population. METHODS: Two hundred six healthy Korean college students (male 109, female 97) participated in this study. The subjects completed the Composite Scale of Morningness for circadian typology and 140-item Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised-Short version (TCI-RS). RESULTS: Multivariate analyses of covariance showed a significant association between chronotypes and temperamental dimensions of the TCI-RS. Morning types were significantly associated with lower harm avoidance and higher persistence and self-directedness dimensions, compared to evening types and intermediate types. No interaction effects between sex and chronotypes were shown for temperamental dimensions. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings suggest that high persistence and self-directedness characters are related to morning types and high harm avoidance temperament is more related to evening types.

Prevention and Treatment of Five Zang-organs Diseases with Twelve Temperaments Combining with Siqi Theory / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

The study and treatment of the music therapy is very popular in Europe and America. While the Chi-nese traditional music therapy is still in the stage of excavation, both the theory and clinical practice are waiting for exploration and development. Through the formation of twelve temperaments and twelve temperaments system, this article discussed the twelve temperaments which reflect the yin and yang of twelve months, and the five in-ternal organs reflect the yin and yang of the four season . The author thinks that the twelve temperaments can pre-vent and treat diseases of five zang-organs, and puts forward the train of thought of prevention and treatment of five zang-organs diseases with twelve temperaments combining with Siqi theory.

Engenho e temperamentos nos catálogos e no pensamento da Companhia de Jesus nos séculos XVII e XVIII / Ingenio y temperamentos en los catalogos y en el pensamiento de la Compañia de Jesús en los siglos XVII y XVIII / Ingenio site et temperaments dans les catalogues et dans la pensee de la Compagne de Jesus pendant les siecles XVII e XVIII / Ingeniousness and temperaments in manuals and in thinking in the Company of Jesus during the 17th and 18th centuries

O artigo visa entender as relações entre a potência psíquica do "engenho", algumas qualidades temperamentais específicas e as funções a serem exercidas pelo indivíduo possuidor destas características delineadas nos Catálogos da Companhia de Jesus ao longo dos séculos XVII e XVIII. Evidencia a presença destas associações como lugar-comum na literatura jesuítica da época, a importância do engenho como qualidade exigida para exercer ministérios relevantes na Ordem, e necessidade do indivíduo possuir uma complexão física adequada a estas exigências.

Cet article a le but de comprendre les rapports entre la puissance psychique de "l'ingéniosité", quelques qualités tempéramentales spécifiques et les fonctions à être exercées par l'individu détenteur de ces caractéristiques tracées dans les Catalogues de la Compagnie de Jésus au cours des siècles XVII et XVIII. On met en évidence la présence de ces associations comme lieu commun dans la littérature jésuitique de l'époque, l'importance de l'ingéniosité en tant que qualité exigée pour réaliser les ministères de l'Ordre , et la nécessité de l'individu avoir un ensemble physique adéquat à ces exigences.

The purpose of this article is to understand the psychic strength of the "understanding", some specific temperament features and the functions the individual with those features was supposed to perform, outlined in the Society of Jesus Catalogues throughout the 17th and 18th centuries. It evidences these associations as a common place in the Jesuit literature of that period, the importance of the understanding as a feature required to work in relevant ministries of the Order, and the need for individuals to have an appropriate physical complexion for these requirements.

Characteristics of Infants' Temperaments and Eating Behaviors, Mothers' Eating Behaviors and Feeding Practices in Poor Eating Infants / 대한지역사회영양학회지

The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of infants' temperaments and eating behaviors, mothers' eating behaviors and feeding practices in poor eating infants. The participants were 80 infants of 12 - 24 months (27 poor eaters and 53 matched normal controls) from a hospital and a public health center. Mothers were questioned about their eating behaviors and feeding practices, and infants' temperaments, eating behaviors, and nutrient intakes by one day food recall. Subjects were divided by mean nutrient adequacy ratio (MAR, < 0.75; poor eater). Intakes of Ca, P, Fe, Zn, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C, E, folate were below 75% RDA in poor eaters, whereas protein, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B6, C, folate exceeded 125% RDA in good eaters. Rhythmicity of infants' temperaments and eating behaviors, restriction of mothers' eating behaviors and feeding practices were significantly lower, whereas activity levels of infants' temperaments were higher than good eaters. In multiple logistic regression model of poor eaters, activity of infants' temperaments (T, OR: 1.19, CI: 1.05 - 1.35) and attention spans of infants' eating behaviors (A, OR: 1.18, CI: 1.03 - 1.35) were significantly positive, whereas rhythmicity of infants' eating behaviors (R, OR: 0.79, CI: 0.67 - 0.94) was significantly negative [E (the logit) = -6.8644 + 0.1712 x T - 0.2337 x R + 0.1641 x A]. Our findings suggest that examination of eating behaviors, feeding practices, and temperaments will help target interventions to improve infants' food intakes, and these variables should be examined at the time of nutrition counseling.