ABSTRACT
Objective To find out the brain function characters of visual information integration and visual working memory with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) children. Methods 1∶ 1 case-control study was used on the study. 45 ADHD children who met DSM-IV criteria were recruited as case group,45 normal children from primary school were chosen as control group. Two groups children received the test of contour-integration,positional noise, temporal order memory, pattern memory. Results The ADHD double eyes' contour integration ( ( 1.62 ± 0. 81 ), ( 1.69 ± 0.87 ) ) were significantly lower than the control group' ( (2.02 ± 1.10), ( 1.98 ±0.81 )). There was no significant difference of double eyes' positional noise between case group( (1.98 ±0.89 ), ( 2.20 ± 1.10 ) ) and the control group ( ( 2.20 ± 0. 97 ), ( 2.30 ± 0. 83 ) ). The temporal order memory,pattern memory ( ( 1.89 ± 1.30), ( 1.18 ± 0.44) ) showed significantly lower in case group(P＜ 0.05 ) than that in control group ( ( 2.98 ± 1.25 ), ( 1. 44 ± 0. 66) ). Conclusion Results indicate that children with ADHD have deficiency in visual perception and the ability of visual information integration, and have significantly deficiency in visual working memory and executive-function.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate neural correlates of the retrieval of temporal order.Methods ERP of 19 channels was recorded from 17 healthy young students while they performed a recency judgment task,a recognition task and a visual discrimination task separately,which were based on Sternberg paradigm.One-way ANOVA of repeated-measurement and post-hoc paired comparisons were carried out for both the task factor(temporal order,recognition and control)and the temporal distance factor correspondingly.The latter contains 3 intervals (1,2 and 3)between the targets.Results The temporal distance effect was significant:the closer targets correspond to longer reaction time((745.5±106.1)ms,(711.7±102.2)ms,(653.7±81.5)ms;F_((1.28,20.48))=43.37,P=0.00]and higher error rate((62.8±7.0)%,(72.5±5.4)%,(84.5±6.4)%;F_((1.32,21.11))=135.99,P=0.00].Significant behavioral effect of the task factor was also found for both reaction time(F_((1.32,21.11))=135.99,P=0.00)and error rate(F_((2,32))=200.31,P=0.00).No significant behavioral difference was found between the temporal order group and the recognition group.The spatiotemporal pattern of statistical parametric mapping(SPM)suggested the ERP effects of temporal order were presented in left temporal region (260～270 ms),bilateral parietal-occipital areas(280～290 ms),and bilateral parietal lobes(300～400 ms)prominently.No ERP effect was found between the temporal order task and the recognition task.Conclusions The neural correlates of the temporal distance effect exist in bilateral parietal regions.Temporal order as well as object information processing involves similar cerebral regions during the retrieval period.