Mortality and years of life lost of lung cancer among residents in Pudong New Area of Shanghai from 1995 to 2021 / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo investigate the epidemiological traits and potential years of life lost associated with lung cancer mortality among inhabitants of Shanghai's Pudong New Area from 1995 to 2021， in order to serve as a reference for developing intervention approaches. MethodsThe death surveillance system was used to gather statistics on lung cancer deaths. Crude mortality rate （CMR）， standardized mortality rate （SMR）， potential years of life lost （PYLL）， average years of life lost （AYLL）， annual percent change （APC） of the lung cancer deaths were analyzed. The impact of age-structural and non-age-structural factors on changes in lung cancer mortality was quantified using difference decomposition. ResultsThe CMR and SMR of lung cancer among residents in Pudong New Area between 1995 and 2021 were 58.21/105 and 26.75/105， respectively. The CMR of lung cancer increased over the years （APC=1.91%， 95%CI=1.60%‒2.30%； Z=11.487， P<0.001）， and the SMR of lung cancer declined over the years （APC=-1.50%， 95%CI=-1.80%‒-1.20%； Z=-9.006， P<0.001）. Age structure factors and gender factors contributed to the increase of lung cancer mortality， while non-population age structure factors overall appeared to play a protective role which might be related to the improvements in factors such as tobacco control and environmental management. The PYLL of lung cancer was 160 296 person years， the PYLL rate was 2.24‰， and the AYLL was 3.86 years per person. ConclusionAge structure factors are a significant contributor to the disease burden and result in the increase in the crude lung cancer mortality rate of Pudong residents of shanghai. Comprehensive monitoring， preventive， and control methods should be implemented.

Progressive Increase Trend in HPV-Related Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Brazil

Abstract Introduction The prevalence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) related to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is rising in the whole world. Objective To access the prevalence and temporal trend of HPV infection in oropharyngeal cancer by analyzing the expression of the p16 protein. Methods We conducted a transversal study in a Brazilian reference oncology center. The sample consisted of 254 patients with OSCC. The analyzed period was from 2013 to 2017. All patients underwent p16 immunohistochemistry analysis. Results The overall prevalence of HPV-related OSCC was of 31.9%. During the analyzed period, we observed a trend of increasing rates of OSCC that marked positive for p16 immunohistochemistry. The annual prevalence of p16-positive cases was of 20.6% in 2013, 23.9% in 2014, 33.3% in 2015, 38.3% in 2016, and 34.2% in 2017. Most of the patients were stage III and IV (84%). Female patients (odds ratio [OR] = 2.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.003-5.888; p = 0.049) and younger patients (OR = 2.919; 95%CI: 1.682-5.067; p < 0.005) were associated with a higher risk of HPV-related OSCC. Tobacco consumption had a proportional lower risk of HPV-related OSCC (OR = 0.152; 95%CI: 0063-0.366; p < 0.005). Conclusion We observed an increasing prevalence of HPV-related OSCC in a specialized cancer hospital in Brazil.

Participação nas aulas de Educação Física em Pernambuco: uma análise de tendência temporal / Participation in Physical Education classes in Pernambuco: a temporal trend analysis

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a tendência temporal e fatores associados à participação nas aulas de educação física de estudantes de Pernambuco. Estudo de tendência temporal composto por três levantamentos de abrangência estadual. Foram entrevistados 4.207 estudantes em 2006, 6.264 em 2011 e 6.002 em 2016, por meio do questionário "Global School-based Student Health Survey" (GSHS). O desfecho foi a participação nas aulas de Educação Física e as exposições foram as informações sociodemográficas. A análise bivariada foi realizada mediante teste Qui-quadrado e as análises multivariadas por regressão logística binária. Observou-se um aumento na prevalência de participação nas aulas de Educação Física (2006: 35%, 2011: 74% e 2016: 81,2%) destacando o aumento significativo no sexo masculino Δ% (2006-2016) = 123,5%. Ser do sexo masculino, estudar no período integral e ser filho de mães que estudaram, independente do tempo de estudo foi associado a maior participação nas aulas de educação física, assim como residir nas regiões do Agreste, Sertão e Sertão do São Francisco. Apesar do aumento na participação nas aulas de Educação Física em Pernambuco, a garantia deste componente curricular deve ser fortalecida, levando em consideração os grupos de risco para que aumente a participação nas aulas desses grupos

The aim of the study was to analyze the temporal trend and factors associated with participation in physical education classes in Pernambuco. The temporal trend study was composed of three surveys. A total of 4,207 students were interviewed in 2006, 6,264 in 2011 and 6,002 in 2016, using the "Global School-based Stu-dent Health Survey" (GSHS) questionnaire. The outcome was participation in Physical Education classes and the independent variables were sociodemographic information. The bivariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test and the multivariate analysis using binary logistic regression. There was an increase in the prevalence of participation in Physical Education classes (2006: 35%, 2011: 74% and 2016: 81.2%), highlighting the significant increase in males Δ% (2006-2016) = 123.5%. Male, studying full-time and being the son of mothers who studied was associated with greater participation in physical education classes, as well as living in the regions of Agreste, Sertão and Sertão do São Francisco. Despite the increase in par-ticipation in Physical Education classes in Pernambuco, the guarantee of this curricular component must be strengthened, considering risk groups in order to increase participation in classes for these groups

Analysis of the mortality and years of life lost of common gynecological malignant tumors among female residents in Pudong New Area of Shanghai in 2002-2019 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics and the potential years of life lost of gynecological malignant tumors among female residents in Pudong New Area of Shanghai between 2002 and 2019. Methods Crude mortality rate (CMR), age-standardized mortality rate (SMR), potential years of life lost (PYLL), average years of life lost (AYLL) and annual percent change (APC) of the cervical cancer，uterine cancer and ovarian cancer deaths were calculated to analyze the mortality situation of gynecological malignant tumors among female residents in Pudong New Area. Results The crude mortality rate were 2.65/100 000, 2.44/100 000 , 4.55/100 000, and age-standardized mortality rate were 1.33/100 000, 1.06/100 000, 2.26/100 000, respectively, among female residents in Pudong New Area during 2002 to 2019. In the study period, both the crude mortality rate and the age-standardized mortality rate of cervical cancer rose over the years; Both the crude mortality rate and the age-standardized mortality rate of uterine cancer kept stable; The crude mortality rate of ovarian cancer showed an upward trend, and the age-standardized mortality rate kept stable. The PYLL of cervical cancer was 7335 years, the PYLL rate was 0.30‰, and the AYLL was 11.20 years per person; The PYLL of uterine cancer was 3556 years, the PYLL rate was 0.14‰, and the AYLL was 5.90 years per person; The PYLL of uterine cancer was 10017 years, the PYLL rate was 0.41‰, and the AYLL was 8.91 years per person. Conclusion The mortality rate of cervical cancer and ovarian cancer rose over years, and the mortality of uterine cancer kept stable among female residents in Pudong New Area during 2002 to 2019. The gynecological malignant tumors caused severe disease burden.

Analysis of the mortality and years of life lost from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among residents in Pudong New Area of Shanghai in 2002-2019 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To explore the death characteristics and the potential years of life lost from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) among residents in Pudong New Area of Shanghai from 2002 to 2019, so as to provide a reference for formulating corresponding prevention and control strategies for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Methods The death data of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was extracted from the Pudong New Area's death surveillance system. Crude mortality, age-standardized mortality, potential years of life lost (PYLL), average years of life lost (AYLL) and annual percent change (APC) of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease deaths were calculated to analyze the situation of COPD death in Pudong New Area. Results The crude mortality and age-standardized mortality of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among residents in Pudong New Area between 2002 and 2019 were 64.94/100,000 and 21.04/100 000, respectively. The chronic obstructive pulmonary disease showed a downward trend (APC=-2.05%, Z=- 5.342, P<0.001), and the standardized mortality rate decreased year by year (APC=-6.23%, Z=-13.052, P<0.001). The crude mortality and age-standardized rates in male residents were both higher than those in females (Z-crude mortality=46.471, P<0.001, Z-standardized mortality=-48.961, P<0.001). The PYLL of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was 16,997 years, the PYLL rate was 0.34‰, and the AYLL was 0.53 years per person. Conclusion From 2002 to 2019, the mortality of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among residents in Pudong New Area was relatively high and caused serious life loss. Both crude mortality and age-standardized rate showed a downward trend during the study period. Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be further developed.

Current situation and trend of coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-2019) in foreign countries / 上海预防医学

Objective To learn about the current situation and trends of novel coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-2019) in foreign countries. Methods The data on confirmed COVID-2019 cases were collected between January 20, 2020 and February 18, 2020 and by age, sex, nationality, contact history, region, and country were performed stratified analysis and onset time analysis. Results From January 20th to February 18th, the cumulative number of confirmed cases of COVI D-2019 abroad was 804. Excluding the 454 cases on the 'Diamond Princess' cruise ship in Japan, the daily number of new cases fluctuated, showed a trend of rising first and then maintaining a steady trend. The peak date for new cases was on February 1, with the number of cases reaching 26. The confirmed cases were mainly concentrated in Asian countries, but also distributed in Europe, North America, Oceania and Africa. As of February 15, there was no more increase reported in the number of countries where confirmed cases occurred after reaching 25. Among these countries, Singapore, Japan, and Thailand were with the highest number of cases, with 77, 65, and 35 cases, respectively. In accordamce to available information on confirmed cases, the cases with history of exposure to confirmed cases were more than those with history of living or traveling in Hubei. And more cases were non-Chinese nationalities, 40 years old and above, and males . Conclusion The novel coronavirus has transmitted abroad, and produced second-generation cases. Although the incidence is low abroad , its trend fluctuates greatly, so sufficient attention must be paid to the possibility of further transmission.

Tendência temporal e características epidemiológicas da tuberculose em um município do nordeste do Brasil / Tendencia en el tiempo y características epidemiológicas de la tuberculosis en un municipio del noreste de Brasil / Trend temporary and epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis in a municipality of northeast Brazil

RESUMO Introdução: A tuberculose é uma doença infecciosa considerada um grave problema de saúde pública no Brasil, com elevadas prevalências nas regiões Norte, Nordeste e Centro-oeste. Objetivo: Analisar a tendência temporal e descrever as características clínico-epidemiológicas dos casos de tuberculose no município de Lagarto/SE, Nordeste do Brasil. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo, retrospectivo e de série temporal, por meio de dados secundários dos casos de tuberculose notificados entre o período de 2002 e 2012. As fontes de dados utilizadas foram as fichas de investigação do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Analisaram-se as tendências temporais por sexo e faixa etária através de regressão linear, considerando-se p< 0,05. Resultados: Foram notificados 315 casos de tuberculose, sendo a taxa média de incidênciade 30,15 casos para cada 100 mil habitantes. Houve um decréscimo (31 porcento) da taxa de incidência, variando de 31,51(2002) para 21,74(2012). Observou-se predomínio do sexo masculino (65,4 porcento), adultos jovens (61 porcento), casos novos (84,1 porcento), forma pulmonar (84,4 porcento), bacilíferos (66,98 porcento) e ocorrência de 05 casos (1,59 porcento) de coinfecção TB/HIV. No tocante a tendência, foi observada uma redução significativa para o sexo feminino (p=0,015) e em idosos (p=0,04). Conclusões: Apesar das variações anuais nas taxas, foi perceptível uma tendência decrescente da incidência de casos de tuberculose no município de Lagarto/SE. Torna-se importante manter e intensificar as intervenções de controle, com prioridades estratégicas focadas na busca ativa de sintomáticos respiratórios, sobretudo em localidades de difícil acesso aos serviços de saúde(AU)

RESUMEN Introducción: La tuberculosis es una enfermedad infecciosa considerada un problema grave de salud pública en Brasil, con una alta prevalencia en el norte, noreste y medio oeste. Objetivo: Analizar las tendencias en el tiempo y describir las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los casos de tuberculosis en la ciudad de Lagarto/SE, noreste de Brasil. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y series de tiempo, el uso de datos secundarios de los casos de tuberculosis notificados entre el período 2002 y 2012. Las fuentes de datos utilizadas fueron los registros Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Declaración Obligatoria (SINAN). Las tendencias temporales se analizaron por sexo y grupo de edad por regresión lineal, considerando p <0,05. Resultados: Se reportaron 315 casos de tuberculosis, y la tasa media de incidencia de 30,15 casos por cada 100 mil habitantes. Hubo una disminución (31 por ciento) se la tasa de incidencia que oscila entre 31,51 (2002) a 21,74 (2012). Hubo un predominio del sexo masculino (65,4 por ciento), adultos jóvenes (61 por ciento), nuevos casos (84,1 por ciento), forma pulmonar (84,4 por ciento), la tuberculosis activa (66,98 por ciento) y la ocurrencia de 05 casos (1,59 por ciento) con coinfección con el TB/HIV. En cuanto a la tendencia se observada reducción significativa para las mujeres (p = 0,015) y mayores (p = 0,04). Conclusiones: A pesar de las variaciones anuales de las tasas, fue notable una tendencia a la baja en la incidencia de casos de tuberculosis en la ciudad de Lagarto / SE. Es importante mantener e intensificar las intervenciones de control con las prioridades estratégicas centradas en la búsqueda activa de sintomáticos respiratorios, especialmente en lugares de difícil acceso a los lugares de servicios de salud(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease considered a serious public health problem in Brazil, with high prevalence in the North, Northeast and Midwest. Objective: To analyze time trends and describe the clinical and epidemiological features of tuberculosis cases in the city of Lagarto/SE, Northeast Brazil. Methods: We conducted a descriptive, retrospective and time series study, using secondary data of tuberculosis cases notified entre the period 2002 and 2012. The data sources used were the investigation chips of Information System of Notification of Diseases (SINAN). Temporal trends were analyzed by sex and age group by linear regression, considering p <0.05. Results: 315 cases of tuberculosis were reported, and the average incidence rate of 30.15 cases per 100 thousand inhabitants. There was a decrease (31 percent) the incidence rate ranging from 31.51 (2002) to 21.74 (2012). There was a predominance of males (65.4 percent), young adults (61 percent) new cases (84.1 percent), pulmonary form (84.4 percent), active tuberculosis (66.98 percent) and the occurrence of 05 cases (1.59 percent) coinfection with TB/HIV. Regarding the trend was observed a significant reduction for females (p = 0.015) and older (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Despite annual variations in rates, a downward trend in the incidence of tuberculosis cases in the city of Lagarto/SE was noticeable. It is important to maintain and intensify control interventions with strategic priorities focused on active search for respiratory symptoms, especially in difficult to access to health services locations(AU)

Spatial and Temporal Trend of Water Resources in Beijing, China during 1999-2012 and Its Impact Analysis.

Aims: The objective of this research is to understand and analyze the trend of water resources and its effects on land subsidence, vegetation cover change, and water supply reservoir drawdown in Beijing, China. Study Design: This research combined both field monitoring data and remote sensing data to study the water resource change and its impacts in the City of Beijing, China. Place and Duration of Study: This study water resource record data during 1999-2012 and the Landsat TM or ETM+ data in the same period to analyze the changes of water resources in the City of Beijing. The water level and water surface change of the Guanting Reservoir as a major urban water supply was analyzed since 1979 in confirmation of the trend of water resource change. Methodology: This research applied remote sensing data analysis, GIS spatial and spatial statistical analysis, and the conventional field monitoring data of water resources to understand and visualize the trend of water resource change and its environmental impacts in Beijing, China. Results: This research shows that both surface water and ground water resources are declining owing to the decrease of precipitation in Beijing. In the meantime, the proportion of agricultural and industrial water consumptions was gradually reduced and that of urban and domestic water consumptions continuously increased. Land subsidence spatially coincides with groundwater level decrease, and the maximum quantity could reach five meters. Vegetation cover and NDVI index showed high correlation with precipitation in mountainous region, but does not reflect the natural water supply in plain regions in Beijing. The surface water area in the Guanting Reservoir drastically reduced since 1979. Conclusion: The trend of water resource changes indicate that the water supply shortage in Beijing area was intensified. The more effective planning of economic development and urban growth in Beijing according its water resources is needed.

Food Adulteration and Consumer Awareness in Dhaka City, 1995-2011.

We conducted this study to investigate the magnitude of food adulteration during 1995–2011 and consumer awareness in Dhaka city. We reviewed results of food sample testing by Public Health Food Laboratory of Dhaka City Corporation, Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution, Consumers Association of Bangladesh publications, reports from lay press, including those on mobile magistrate court operations. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 96 residents of Dhaka city, using a structured questionnaire in 2006. The overall proportion of food samples adulterated decreased during 2001-2005, and 40-54% of daily-consumed food was adulterated during 1995-2011. More than 35 food items were commonly adulterated. Consumers considered expiry date and quality or freshness as the best criteria while buying packaged and open food items respectively; only 11 (12%) respondents considered approval of regulatory authority for buying packaged food items. More than half of the food consumed in Dhaka city is adulterated, which warrants actions by the Government, the industry, and the consumers.

Trends in Hospitalized Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients with Heart Failure in Korea at 1998 and 2008

Heart failure (HF) complicating acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is common and is associated with poor clinical outcome. Limited data exist regarding the incidence and in-hospital mortality of AMI with HF (AMI-HF). We retrospectively analyzed 1,427 consecutive patients with AMI in the five major university hospitals in Korea at two time points, 1998 (n = 608) and 2008 (n = 819). Two hundred twenty eight patients (37.5%) in 1998 and 324 patients (39.5%) in 2008 of AMI patients complicated with HF (P = 0.429). AMI-HF patients in 2008 were older, had more hypertension, previous AMI, and lower systolic blood pressure than those in 1998. Regarding treatments, AMI-HF patients in 2008 received more revascularization procedures, more evidence based medical treatment and adjuvant therapy, such as mechanical ventilators, intra-aortic balloon pulsation compared to those in 1998. However, overall in-hospital mortality rates (6.4% vs 11.1%, P = 0.071) of AMI-HF patients were unchanged and still high even after propensity score matching analysis, irrespective of types of AMI and revascularization methods. In conclusion, more evidence-based medical and advanced procedural managements were applied for patients with AMI-HF in 2008 than in 1998. However the incidence and in-hospital mortality of AMI-HF patients were not significantly changed between the two time points.