Systematic Review on Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire 6.0 (EDE-Q 6.0): An Agenda for a Test Adaptation in Malaysia (Semakan Sistematik ke atas Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire 6.0 (EDE-Q 6.0): Agenda Adaptasi Skala di Malaysia) / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

@#This study aims to systematically search and review the literature on the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire 6.0 (EDE-Q 6.0) across cultures, in terms of their psychometric properties. Electronic search engines and databases, namely, Scopus, OvidMedline, Google Scholar, and reference tracking were used. The search terms used were eating disorder examination-questionnaire, EDE-Q, psychometrics, reliability, validity, and utility. Studies were included if they conducted psychometric evaluations on the EDE-Q 6.0 (i.e., English version) or adapted EDE-Q 6.0. The PRISMA guideline was also applied in the selection of articles for review. Nineteen papers on EDE-Q, specifically on the sixth version were reviewed. EDE-Q 6.0 has been translated and adapted to various languages and psychometrically evaluated on Japanese, Portuguese, American, Finnish, French, Norwegian, British, Australian, Italian, Iranian, and German populations. EDE-Q 6.0 has recorded good to excellent internal reliability across languages and cultures. Mixtures of findings were found concerning its stability and validity. The factorial structure of EDE-Q 6.0 is very controversial with limited fitness into its initial theoretical four-factor structure. Nonetheless, EDE-Q 6.0 recorded high utility values. The EDE-Q 6.0 is yet to be adapted into Malay for the Malaysian population, hence, calls for further research on its adaptation and its psychometric properties.

Uma medida de satisfação com o relacionamento amoroso / A measure of satisfaction in the romantic relationship / Una escala de satisfacción en la pareja

Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo adaptar para o contexto brasileiro a Escala do Nível de Satisfação com o Relacionamento Amoroso (ENSRA, Rusbult, Martz, & Agnew, 1998). No primeiro estudo (N = 269), buscaram-se evidências de validade baseadas na estrutura unifatorial do instrumento e analisaram-se as propriedades dos itens de acordo com a Teoria de Resposta ao Item. No segundo estudo (N = 1.498), propôs-se uma versão revisada da escala (ENSRA-R), incluindo-se novos itens com parâmetros mais elevados de dificuldade. Análises fatoriais exploratórias e confirmatórias indicaram uma estrutura unifatorial também para ENSRA-R. Conforme esperado teoricamente, ENSRA e ENSRA-R correlacionaram-se positivamente com outra medida de satisfação com o relacionamento e com amor romântico, e negativamente com intenção de terminar o relacionamento. Ambas as versões do instrumento apresentam satisfatórias evidências de validade e adequados índices de precisão, contudo, a ENSRA-R mostrou-se mais informativa, cobrindo uma maior porção do traço latente, comparada à ENSRA. (AU)

This study aimed to adapt the Investment Model of Commitment Processes Scale (Escala do Nível de Satisfação com o Relacionamento Amoroso - ENSRA - Rusbult, Martz, & Agnew, 1988) to the Brazilian context. In the first study (N = 269), we sought evidence of validity based on the unifactorial structure of the instrument and analyzed the properties of the items according to the item response theory. In the second study (N = 1498), a revised version of the scale (ENSRA-R) was proposed, including new items with higher difficulty parameters. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses indicated a single-factor structure for both the ENSRA and ENSRA-R. As theoretically expected the ENSRA and ENSRA-R correlated positively with another instrument that assesses relationship satisfaction and with romantic love, and negatively with the intention to break-up. Both versions of the instrument provide satisfactory evidence of validity and adequate accuracy, however, the ENSRA-R was more informative, covering a larger portion of the latent trait compared to the ENSRA. (AU)

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo adaptar la Escala de Satisfacción en la Pareja (ENSRA, Rusbult, Martz, & Agnew, 1988) al contexto brasileño. En el primer estudio (N = 269), se buscaron evidencias de validez basadas en la estructura unifactorial del instrumento y, de acuerdo con la teoría de respuesta al ítem, se analizaron las propiedades de los ítems. En el segundo estudio (N = 1498) fue propuesta una versión revisada de la escala (ENSRA-R), que incluye nuevos ítems con parámetros de dificultad más estrictos. Los análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios también indicaron la estructura de un factor para la ENSRA-R. Como resultado esperado, ENSRA y ENSRA-R se correlacionaron positivamente con otra medida de satisfacción con la relación y con el amor romántico; y negativamente con la intención de terminar la relación. Ambas versiones del instrumento presentan evidencias de validez satisfactorias e índices de precisión adecuados. Sin embargo, la ENSRA-R se demostró más informativa, cubriendo el rasgo latente en mayor medida, en comparación con la ENSRA. (AU)

Adaptación y validación del cuestionario de barreras para la búsqueda de ayuda para problemas de salud mental en adolescentes chilenos / Adaptation and Validation of Barriers to Adolescents Seeking Help Scale for Mental Health Problems in Chilean Teenagers

Resumen La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo, adaptar y validar en adolescentes chilenos, el cuestionario de barreras para la búsqueda de ayuda para problemas de salud mental, versión breve (BASH-B). Este cuestionario mide las barreras o razones percibidas por los adolescentes para no buscar ayuda profesional cuando presentan algún problema psicológico. Los participantes fueron 387 adolescentes de entre 14 y 19 años (M = 15.71 años), escolarizados en establecimientos de enseñanza media de la comuna de Talca (Chile). Se analizaron las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento. El análisis confirmatorio corroboró la estructura factorial unidimensional. Además, los índices de confiabilidad fueron adecuados. La escala presentó asociación significativa con las variables depresión y autoeficacia en las direcciones esperadas. En base a estos resultados, es posible decir que el BASH-B es un instrumento que posee propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para medir las barreras de la búsqueda de ayuda en el ámbito de la salud mental en adolescentes.

Abstract This research has a goal to adapt and validate for Chilean teenagers the Barriers to Adolescents Seeking Help Scale, brief version (BASH-B). This questionnaire measures the perceived barriers and reasons for teenagers not looking for professional help when they presents some psychological problem. There were 387 teenagers participants between 14 and 19 years olds (M = 15.71 years), attending high schools in Talca regional area. The psychometric properties of the instrument were analyzed. A confirmatory factor analysis corroborated the one-dimensional structure. The reliability indexes as appropriate. In addition, the scale presented significant association with the variables depression and self-efficacy in the hipothesized directions. Based on these results is possible to confirm that the BASH-B a appropriate psychometric properties to measure the barriers to help seeking for Mental health Problems in teenagers.

The Persian adaptation of Baddeley's 3-min grammatical reasoning test

Baddeley's grammatical reasoning test is a quick and efficient measure of fluid reasoning which is commonly used in research on cognitive abilities and the impact of stresses and environmental factors on cognitive performance. The test, however, is verbal and can only be used with native speakers of English. In this study, we adapted the test for application in the Persian language using a different pair of verbs and geometrical shapes instead of English letters. The adapted test had high internal consistency and retest reliability estimates. It also had an excellent fit to a one-factor confirmatory factor model and correlated acceptably with other measures of fluid intelligence and participants' grade point average (GPA). (AU)

Tradução, Adaptação e Evidências Iniciais de Validade da Magical Ideation Scale / Translation, Adaptation and Initial Validity Study of the Magical Ideation Scale

RESUMO Magical Ideation Scale (MIS) é uma escala de autorrelato que avalia pensamentos mágicos, fenômeno ligado à esquizofrenia. Este trabalho procurou adaptar a MIS à cultura brasileira, bem como investigar sua sensibilidade discriminativa a partir de um estudo de validade. Na etapa de adaptação, 283 sujeitos responderam a MIS, marcando palavras e itens incompreendidos. Posteriormente, administrou-se a escala a 70 sujeitos divididos em grupos: Pacientes e Não-pacientes. A comparação do desempenho de ambos foi obtida por meio do teste t de Student, revelando diferença significativa e de acentuada magnitude, conforme d de Cohen. A correlação de Pearson entre o diagnóstico de esquizofrenia e a MIS evidenciou associação positiva de expressiva magnitude. Interpretam-se os resultados como evidências de validade para a MIS.

ABSTRACT Magical Ideation Scale (MIS) is a self-report scale that assesses magical thinking, a phenomenon linked to schizophrenia. This study aimed to adapt the MIS to Brazilian culture, as well as investigate its discriminative sensitivity based on a validity study. In the adaptation stage, 283 subjects completed MIS, marking words and misunderstood items. Subsequently, the scale was administered to 70 subjects divided into groups: Patients and Non-patients. A comparison of the performance of both groups was realized using Student’s t, which revealed significant differences, while Cohen’s d showed a strong discrepancy between the two groups. The Pearson correlation between the diagnosis of schizophrenia and MIS showed a positive association of significant magnitude. The results are interpreted as evidence of validity for the MIS.

Aspectos a tener en cuenta cuando se realiza una adaptación de test entre diferentes culturas / Considerations to keep in mind when a test is adapted from one culture to another

En este escrito se mencionan algunos de los aspectos más importantes que los investigadores deben tener en cuenta cuando van a realizar una adaptación de un test desde una cultura a otra. Aspecto que cobra singular importancia en el contexto Latinoamericano, en donde gran parte de los instrumentos utilizados en las investigaciones en psicología han sido adaptados a partir de otras culturas como la anglosajona o la europea. El artículo inicia con una revisión del concepto de equivalencia, para luego centrarse en los principales sesgos que se pueden presentar cuando se realiza una adaptación de un instrumento desde una cultura a otra, como lo son los sesgos de constructo, de método y de los ítems Y como complemento, en la parte final del texto se hace mención de las cuatro categorías en las que se han organizado directrices que la International Test Commission ha elaborado para que los investigadores puedan realizar una adecuada adaptación.

This paper explains some of the most important aspects that researchers should consider when they adapt a test from one culture to another. This topic is very important in Latin American, because many of the tests used in psychology have been adapted from other cultures and languages. The article begins with a brief review of the concept of equivalence, and then focuses on the main biases that can occur when an adaptation is made across cultures. Finally, the guides proposed by the International Test Commission when a test is going to be adapted are mentioned.

Procedimientos analítico-racionales en la adaptación de tests. Adaptación al español de la batería de pruebas de razonamiento: Adaptation to Spanish of the Reasoning Tests Battery / Judgmental-analytical procedures for adapting tests

Adaptar un test entre culturas o idiomas requiere considerar aspectos legales, culturales, lingüísticos, métricos y de uso. La atención prestada por la literatura especializada a los aspectos metodológicos implicados en el estudio de la equivalencia métrica ha sido significativamente mayor que la dedicada a los procedimientos analítico-racionales previos a la fase de confirmación empírica. Sin embargo, la consideración de estos últimos es crucial en el proceso de adaptación. En esta línea, el objetivo de este trabajo es incidir en la relevancia de las etapas previas y describirlas, ofreciendo una sistematización que considera diez apartados. Todos ellos contribuyen a garantizar y favorecer la construcción de un test adaptado y equivalente, en la medida de lo posible, al test original. El proceso es ejemplificado con la adaptación al español de una prueba cognitiva construida en portugués para la población portuguesa, la Bateria de Provas de Raciocínio.

Adapting a test between cultures or languages requires taking into account legal, linguistic, metric, and use-related considerations. Significantly more attention has been paid to the methodological aspects involved in the study of metric equivalence than to judgmental-analytical procedures prior to the empirical confirmation stage. However, considering the latter is crucial in the adaptation process. Along these lines, this paper seeks to describe and focus on the relevance of the previous stages, thereby offering a systematization process that comprises ten sections. This approach contributes to ensuring the construction of a test adapted and equivalent in as much as possible to the original. This process is exemplified by means of a Spanish language adaptation of a cognitive test originally designed in Portuguese for the Portuguese population, the Reasoning Test Battery.

Validation and Psychometric Properties of the Brazilian Version of the Subjective Happiness Scale / Validación y propiedades psicométricas de la versión brasileña de la Escala de Felicidad Subjetiva

This paper aimed to adapt the Subjective Happiness Scale to Brazil and gather evidences of construct validity to the scale. Participants were 600 subjects (50% men), aged from 18 to 70 years old (M = 30.1; SD = 10.6). Sample was split to cross-validate the results. Exploratory factor analysis = 300) achieved a reliable single-factor solution, with all items loading satisfactorily on the factor. Confirmatory factor analysis = 300) corroborated the single-factor solution with excellent goodness-of-fit indexes. Evidences of convergent validity are also provided with three related constructs: self-esteem, life satisfaction and hope. The adapted scale showed strong evidences of validity and seems appropriate to evaluate subjective happiness on Brazilian adults.

El objetivo de este artículo fue adaptar la Escala de Felicidad Subjetiva para el Brasil y recolectar evidencias de validez de constructo para la escala. Los participantes fueron 600 sujetos (50 % hombres), con edades entre 18 y 70 años (M = 30.1; DE = 10.6). La muestra fue dividida para realizar la validación cruzada de los resultados. En el análisis factorial exploratorio ( N1 = 300) se encontró una solución unifactorial fiable, con todos los ítems presentando carga factorial satisfactoria en el factor. El análisis factorial confirmatorio ( N2 = 300) corroboró la solución unifactorial con adecuados índices de ajuste. Se presentan evidencias de validez convergente con tres constructos similares: autoestima, satisfacción con la vida y esperanza. La versión adaptada presentó fuertes evidencias de validez, siendo considerada apropiada para evaluar la felicidad subjetiva en adultos brasileños.

Validación chilena del cuestionario de evaluación del apego romántico experiences in close relationships (ECR): análisis de la validez de criterio / A Chilean validation of the romantic attachment questionnaire experiences in close relationships (ECR): analysis of criterion validity

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la validez de criterio del cuestionario de apego romántico Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR, Brennan, Clark y Shaver, 1998) para la población chilena de adultos. Este cuestionario evalúa las dos dimensiones del apego romántico adulto: la evitación (de la intimidad) y la ansiedad (acerca de las relaciones). Los participantes fueron 549 adultos, quienes completaron el cuestionario ECR y el cuestionario de apego adulto CaMir. Se evaluó las propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario, mostrando que es un instrumento con una adecuada validez de criterio y con una estructura factorial que representa las dos dimensiones teóricas propuestas por los autores originales. Se concluye que la versión chilena del ECR es válida para examinar el apego romántico en la adultez.

The aim of this study was to analyze the criterion validity of the Chilean version of the Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR; Brennan, Clark y Shaver 1998) questionnaire in a sample of Chilean adults. This self-report questionnaire assesses two dimensions of romantic attachment: avoidance (of intimacy) and anxiety (about relationships). 549 Chilean adults completed the ECR and the Chilean version of the adult attachment questionnaire CaMir. Data analyses evaluated psychometric properties of the Chilean ECR, and showed adequate evidence of reliability, criterion validity, and a bifactorial structure similar to the original instrument. We can conclude that the Chilean version of the ECR is a reliable and valid measure to assess the romantic attachment in this population.

Adaptación al español del cuestionario Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL) / The Spanish Adaptation of Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL)

El objetivo de este trabajo es el estudio de las propiedades psicométricas de la versión en español del cuestionario Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL), construido en su versión original por Cohen y Wills (1985). El ISEL evalúa la percepción de disponibilidad de cuatro aspectos diferentes del apoyo social, además de aportar una medida general de apoyo social percibido. El cuestionario se compone de cuatro subescalas (autoestima, información, pertenencia e instrumental). Cada una de ellas está formada por 10 ítems. Tras un riguroso proceso de traducción para generar la versión española del ISEL, se analizó la equivalencia de la versión traducida al español para la escala en su conjunto y para cada subescala en una muestra de universitarios españoles (N = 441). Se obtuvo un valor de alfa para la primera administración de 0.888 y de 0.87 para la segunda. La fiabilidad test-retest fue de r = 0.787. Se comprobó que la estructura factorial podría ser esencialmente unidimensional tras un análisis factorial exploratorio con rotación Varimax. Además, se analizó la validez convergente con la Escala de Soledad (r = -0.692; p < 0.001); el Cuestionario de Autoeficacia Percibida (r = 0.712; p < 0.001); el Cuestionario de Salud General (r = -0.422; p < 0.001) y la Escala de Estrés Percibido (r = -0.400; p = 0.002). Los resultados podrían mostrar que la versión española del ISEL puede ser utilizada con suficientes garantías psicométricas en una población de jóvenes universitarios de habla hispana.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of Spanish version of the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List-ISEL which was built in its original version by Cohen and Wills (1985). The ISEL assesses the perceived availability of four different aspects of social support, in addition to providing a general measure of social support. The questionnaire consists of four sub-scales (self-esteem, information, membership and instrumental). Each sub-scale consists of 10 items. After a rigorous translation process to produce the Spanish version of the ISEL, we examined the equivalence of the translated version into Spanish for the total scale and each sub-scale in a sample of Spanish university students (N = 441). We obtained an alpha value for the first administration of 0.888 and 0.87 for the second. The test-retest reliability was r = 0.787. It was found that the factor structure would be essentially one-dimensional after exploratory factor analysis with Varimax rotation. In addition, convergent validity was assessed with the Loneliness Scale (r = -0.692, p < 0.001), the Perceived Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (r = 0.712, p < 0.001), the General Health Questionnaire (r = -0.422, p = 0.001) and the Perceived Stress Scale (r = -0.400, p = 0.002). The results could show that the Spanish version of the ISEL can be used with sufficient psychometric guarantees in a population of Spanish-speaking university students.

Características psicométricas de la adaptación colombiana del Cuestionario de Agresividad de Buss y Perry en una muestra de preadolescentes y adolescentes de Bucaramanga / Psychometric Properties of Colombian Adaptation of Buss and Perry's Aggression Questionnaire for Teenagers in a Sample of Bucaramanga

Este estudio presenta la adaptación colombiana del Cuestionario de Agresividad de Buss y Perry para preadolescentes y adolescentes, desarrollado a partir de la versión española abreviada de 20 ítems. Dicha adaptación se administró a una muestra de 535 niños (269 niños y 266 niñas) con un rango de edades de 8-16 años, pertenecientes a tres colegios del área metropolitana de Bucaramanga. Los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio indican un buen ajuste al modelo de cuatro factores que ha sido descrita para otros idiomas y adaptaciones. El test presentó una fiabilidad satisfactoria para la escala total (α = 0.82) y para la escala de agresividad física (α = 0.75), mientras que para las demás escalas varía en función de la edad, no siendo recomendable su aplicación en edades inferiores a los 12 años. Al analizar los efectos del sexo sobre la agresividad, se verificó que dicho efecto se debía exclusivamente a las diferencias en agresividad física. Finalmente, se pone de manifiesto la importancia de considerar los aspectos culturales y lingüísticos en la adaptación de un instrumento, incluso, como en este caso, cuando se trata del mismo idioma.

This study presents the Colombian adaptation of the Buss and Perry's Aggression Questionnaire for preadolescents and adolescents. The test was administered to a sample of 535 children (269 boys and 266 girls) with an age range of 8-16 years old, belonging to three schools of Bucaramanga. Confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit to the four-factor model and reliability was satisfactory. The reliability was good for overall scale (α = 0.82) and physical aggression scale (α = 0.75) while it was sufficient or poor for the other scales depending upon the age group, not being suitable for ages under 12 years-old. Referring to sex effects, we found them only for physical aggression. Finally, this study places particular emphasis on the importance of linguistic and cultural aspects in test adaptation, even when both cultures share the same language.

Adaptação da the resilience scale para a população adulta portuguesa / Adaptation of the resilience scale for the adult population of Portugal / Adaptation du the resilience scale pour la population adulte portugaise / Adaptación de la escala de resiliencia para el adulto portugués

Este artigo descreve a adaptação da “The Resilience Scale” para portugueses adultos. Procedeu-se à retradução e validação psicométrica. Fez-se pré-teste e reteste. Obteve-se equivalência linguística/conceptual e validação psicométrica com alpha de Cronbach 0,868 para 23 itens, sugerindo consistência interna. A análise fatorial agrupou 23 variáveis em 4 fatores: I - Perseverança; II - Sentido de vida; III - Serenidade; IV - Autossuficiência e autoconfiança, com valores alpha de Cronbach satisfatórios para cada fator. Verificou-se sensibilidade dos itens através do coeficiente de assimetria e achatamento e comprovou-se a estabilidade temporal. A escala revela boas características psicométricas aferindo níveis de resiliência nesta população.

This paper describes the adaptation of “The Resilience Scale” for Portuguese adults. This instrument was submitted to back-translation (linguistic and conceptual equivalence), to psychometric validation (n = 365), to pretest and retest. It was obtained conceptual and linguistic equivalence/psychometric validation with alpha Cronbach 0.868 for the 23 items, suggesting internal consistency. Factorial analysis grouped the 23 variables in 4 factors: I - Perseverance; II-Sense of life; III-Serenity; IVSelf- reliance and self-confidence, with satisfactory alpha Cronbach values for each factor. The sensitivity of items was verified by the coefficient of asymmetry and flatness. It was proved temporal stability of the scale. The scale shows good psychometric characteristics checking levels of resilience in this population.

Cet article décrit l’adaptation du “The Resilience Scale” pour Portugais adultes. S’est procédée à la retraduction et à la validation psicométrique. Il s’est fait pré-teste et reteste. Il s’est obtenu équivalence linguistique/conceptuelle et validation psicométrique avec alpha de Cronbach 0.868 pour 23 items, en suggérant consistance interne. L’analyse factorielle a regroupé 23 variables dans 4 facteurs: I - Persévérance; II - Sens de vie; III - Sérénité; IV - Autosuffisance et autoconfiance, avec des valeurs alpha de Cronbach satisfaisante pour chaque facteur. Il s’est vérifié de la sensibilité des items à travers le coefficient d’asymétrie et de la platitude et s’est vérifié la stabilité séculière. L’échelle révèle de bonnes caractéristiques psicométriques en examinant les niveaux de résilience dans cette population.

Este artículo describe la adaptación de la “Escala de la Resiliencia” para el adulto portugués. La escala fue sometida a retradición (equivalencia lingüística y conceptual), a validación psicométrica (n= 365), a preprueba y reteste. no consiguió equivalencia lingüística/conceptual y validación psicométrica con alpha de Cronbach 0.868 para el 23 variables, sugiriendo consistencia interna. El análisis fatorial agrupó 23 variables en 4 fatores: I - Perseverencia; II - Sentido de vida; III - Serenidad; IV - Autosuficiencia y autoconfianza, con valores alpha de Cronbach satisfactorios. La sensibilidad (coeficiente del achatamiento y asimetría) fue verificada. La estabilidad secular de la escala es buena. La escala divulga buenas características psicométricas y examina niveles de resistencia en esta población.

Adaptação do instrumento de avaliação neuropsicológica breve Neupsilin para avaliar pacientes com Afasia Expressiva: Neupsilin-Af / Adaptation of the Brazilian Brief Neuropsychologica l Assessment Battery NEUPSILIN to evaluate patients with expressive aphasia: NEUPSILIN-Af

Este trabalho apresenta o processo de adaptação do Instrumento de Avaliação Neuropsicológica Breve NEUPSILIN para afásicos expressivos (NEUPSILIN-Af). Esta bateria abrange a avaliação breve de componentes das funções Orientação Têmporo-Espacial, Atenção, Percepção, Memória (de Trabalho, Episódico-Semântica, Semântica de Longo Prazo, Visual e Prospectiva), Habilidades Aritméticas, Linguagem (Oral e Escrita), Praxias (Ideomotora, Construtiva e Reflexiva) e Funções Executivas (Resolução de Problemas Simples e Fluência Verbal Fonêmica-Ortográfica). Devido aos déficits primariamente linguísticos de pacientes afásicos expressivos, que podem influenciar na verbalização das respostas, a adaptação foi necessária. O processo envolveu seis etapas: 1) revisão da literatura, 2) análise do instrumento original e construção da versão preliminar adaptada do NEUPSILIN–Af, 3) análise de juízes especialistas na área da saúde, 4) análise de juízes especialistas em neuropsicologia, 5) estudo piloto, e 6) versão final do instrumento. Esses procedimentos permitiram testar a validade de conteúdo do NEUPSILIN-Af. Estudos futuros serão direcionados para testar a sensibilidade dessa bateria para detectar déficits cognitivos em pacientes com afasia de expressão.

Normative Data on a Malay Version of the Boston Naming Test / Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia

This paper aims to describe a Malay version of the Boston Naming Test (MBNT) and its normative data. The M-BNT follows closely the general administration procedures of the original Boston Naming Test (BNT) but is different in terms of item content. A total of 29 items from the original 60 items on the test were deemed culturally and linguistically valid for the Malay population and were thus retained. A total of 41 additional items were added to make a total list of 70 items for pilot testing. These items were first vetted by a panel of experts and then trialed on a sample of 40 Malay adults. Based on the item analysis from the pilot study, the M-BNT was reduced to a 50 item test. This was administered to 230 normal Malay subjects in five age groups (20 – 29 years, 30 – 39 years, 40 – 49 years, 50 – 59 years, and 60 – 69 years), split into two main educational levels (i.e. < 12 years of education, and 12 years or more) and across gender. The Malay subjects were chosen representative of the four major geographical regions in West Malaysia. Initial normative data was computed according to the five age groups and two educational levels. It is hoped that the M-BNT will become a test useful in the identification of patients with an expressive language word-finding disorder.