ABSTRACT
Neonatal tetanus has been basically eliminated in China, but the incidence of non-neonatal tetanus is still high. Tetanus after trauma is the main type of non-neonatal tetanus. The correct application of tetanus toxoid containing vaccine (TTCV) has been neglected in the prevention of tetanus after trauma in China. On May 9, 2019, National Advisory Committee of Experts on Immunization Planning (NIAC) reviewed and approved the first guidelines for the use of TTCV and passive immune preparation after trauma, which clarified the basic process of treatment of tetanus after trauma, as well as the pointer to the use of TTCV and passive immune preparation after trauma. The main measure to prevent tetanus after trauma is to use TTCV for active immunization, and to use passive immune preparation for those without TTCV immune history. Through the construction of the top-down control and prevention system of tetanus, the change of the concept of tetanus immunoprophylaxis of medical staff is promoted. Active immunization is the main measure, but passive immunization is an added measure for the prevention of tetanus after trauma, which is of great significance to reverse the mistake of prevention of tetanus in China.
ABSTRACT
Tetanus is an acute specific infection caused by obligate anaerobes, which is still a serious public health problem. Tetanus bacterium is an obligate anaerobic bacterium, widely distributed in nature, which can exist in dust, soil, human or animal excrement. The bacteria invade the body primarily through the skin or mucosal wounds, and most commonly in trauma and burn patients, unclean newborns, and unsafe surgical instruments. Exotoxin produced by tetanus bacteria can cause temporary changes in the central nervous system, manifested as systemic skeletal muscle persistence and paroxysmal spasm, severe cases of laryngospasm, asphyxia, lung infections and organ failure, which is a very serious and potentially fatal disease. This article is an expert consensus on the tetanus immunologic defense, aiming to aid the clinical decision making after open injury. According to epidemiological investigation of tetanus, types of injured population, wound exposure and misunderstandings of immunologic defense, the key measures to prevent tetanus are good wound management and immunization. This statement describes a preventive framework of tetanus immunization, including the tetanus immunization programs of infants, pregnant women, potentially high-risk population, immunodeficiency patients and children born to HIV-infected mothers. This consensus only provides academic guidance, the treatment of the patient must be based on the prevailing medical conditions.
ABSTRACT
Tetanus is an acute specific infection caused by obligate anaerobes, which is still a serious public health problem. Tetanus bacterium is an obligate anaerobic bacterium, widely distributed in nature, which can exist in dust, soil, human or animal excrement. The bacteria invade the body primarily through the skin or mucosal wounds, and most commonly in trauma and burn patients, unclean newborns, and unsafe surgical instruments. Exotoxin produced by tetanus bacteria can cause temporary changes in the central nervous system, manifested as systemic skeletal muscle persistence and paroxysmal spasm, severe cases of laryngospasm, asphyxia, lung infections and organ failure, which is a very serious and potentially fatal disease. This article is an expert consensus on the tetanus immunologic defense, aiming to aid the clinical decision making after open injury. According to epidemiological investigation of tetanus, types of injured population, wound exposure and misunderstandings of immunologic defense, the key measures to prevent tetanus are good wound management and immunization. This statement describes a preventive framework of tetanus immunization, including the tetanus immunization programs of infants, pregnant women, potentially high-risk population, immunodeficiency patients and children born to HIV-infected mothers. This consensus only provides academic guidance, the treatment of the patient must be based on the prevailing medical conditions.
ABSTRACT
Tetanus is a neurologic disorder, characterized by increased muscle tone and spasms, that is caused by tetanospasmin, a powerful protein toxin elaborated by Clostridium tetani. In the modern society, tetanus is a rare disease, but it has a high mortality on attack and it 's diagnosis depends on the clinical symptoms. The treatment for tetanus is an injection of human tetanus immunoglobulin (HTIG) to neutralize the circulating tetanospasmin, to control breathing, and to provide systemic supportive care. Recently, the 500 unit of HTIG is recommended. We report one case of generalized tetanus that was treated with 500 units of HTIG. The patient was discharged without complications.