Review and Prospect of China’s Medical and Health Policy Since the Founding of the People’s Republic of China: Analysis based on Policy Tools / 中国医学伦理学

Policy tools are ways to quantitative analysis of policy text content and the construction of a "Policy Tools-Policy Objectives (X-Y Dimension)" framework to explore long-term stability and late-stage innovation of policy development. This paper reviewed the development process of medical and health policies since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, and divided 1949-2021 into four stages of reform breeding, institutional transformation, reform improvement and continuous deepening. Screening 121 medical and health policy texts issued at the national level since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, quantitatively analyzing 5 957 policy text cells from the perspective of policy tools, counting the use of policy tools in various periods, and excavating the inherent logic of policy texts, policy tools and policy objectives to derive development characteristics of internal logic deduction. The development of China’s medical and health policy in the new period will serve the people’s health in the first place, adhere to the development direction of equalization of basic public service, strengthen the coordinated development of scientific and technological innovation and talent training, build a health and healthy development system with Chinese characteristics.

Knowledge Graph Enhanced Transformers for Diagnosis Generation of Chinese Medicine / 中国结合医学杂志

Chinese medicine (CM) diagnosis intellectualization is one of the hotspots in the research of CM modernization. The traditional CM intelligent diagnosis models transform the CM diagnosis issues into classification issues, however, it is difficult to solve the problems such as excessive or similar categories. With the development of natural language processing techniques, text generation technique has become increasingly mature. In this study, we aimed to establish the CM diagnosis generation model by transforming the CM diagnosis issues into text generation issues. The semantic context characteristic learning capacity was enhanced referring to Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BILSTM) with Transformer as the backbone network. Meanwhile, the CM diagnosis generation model Knowledge Graph Enhanced Transformer (KGET) was established by introducing the knowledge in medical field to enhance the inferential capability. The KGET model was established based on 566 CM case texts, and was compared with the classic text generation models including Long Short-Term Memory sequence-to-sequence (LSTM-seq2seq), Bidirectional and Auto-Regression Transformer (BART), and Chinese Pre-trained Unbalanced Transformer (CPT), so as to analyze the model manifestations. Finally, the ablation experiments were performed to explore the influence of the optimized part on the KGET model. The results of Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU), Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation 1 (ROUGE1), ROUGE2 and Edit distance of KGET model were 45.85, 73.93, 54.59 and 7.12, respectively in this study. Compared with LSTM-seq2seq, BART and CPT models, the KGET model was higher in BLEU, ROUGE1 and ROUGE2 by 6.00-17.09, 1.65-9.39 and 0.51-17.62, respectively, and lower in Edit distance by 0.47-3.21. The ablation experiment results revealed that introduction of BILSTM model and prior knowledge could significantly increase the model performance. Additionally, the manual assessment indicated that the CM diagnosis results of the KGET model used in this study were highly consistent with the practical diagnosis results. In conclusion, text generation technology can be effectively applied to CM diagnostic modeling. It can effectively avoid the problem of poor diagnostic performance caused by excessive and similar categories in traditional CM diagnostic classification models. CM diagnostic text generation technology has broad application prospects in the future.

Effects of Virtual Health Messages on Maternal Therapeutic Adherence for Childhood Anemia

Introduction: Therapeutic adherence for childhood anemia is addressed in health services with unsatisfactory results. Therefore, the implementation of this strategy will favor greater adherence to treatment with ferrous sulfate. Objective: To evaluate the effect of virtual health messages on maternal therapeutic adherence for childhood anemia. Materials and Methods: A pre-experimental and longitudinal study was developed between November and December 2022, in which 24 mothers of children diagnosed with anemia participated. Adherence was determined using a test and inferential analysis through the Wilcoxon test. Results: The mothers were between 18 and 29 years old (50.0 %), of rural origin (66.7 %), who completed primary school (33.3 %), housewives (83.3 %), and cohabitants (79.2 %). In the pre-test, high adherence was observed in social factors (50 %), health personnel (75 %), illness (87.5 %), and person supplementing the ferrous sulfate and the patient (75.5 %). The overall adherence was medium in the pretest (50.0 %) and high in the post-test (100.0 %). Message reception was high for the overall test (62.6 %), reminder (79.2 %), informational (79.2 %), and motivational (75.0 %) messages. Conclusion: Virtual health messages have a positive effect on maternal therapeutic adherence for childhood anemia (p < 0.05) and their inclusion in primary health services will contribute favorably to obtaining optimal results.

Introducción: la adherencia terapéutica de anemia infantil es un tópico abordado en los servicios de salud, con resultados poco satisfactorios; por lo tanto, la implementación de esta estrategia favorecerá una mayor adherencia al tratamiento con sulfato ferroso. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de los mensajes virtuales en salud sobre la adherencia terapéutica materna de anemia infantil. Materiales y Métodos: se desarrolló un estudio preexperimental y longitudinal entre noviembre y diciembre de 2022, en el cual participaron 24 madres de niños diagnosticados con anemia; la adherencia se determinó mediante un test y el análisis inferencial por medio de la prueba de Wilcoxon. Resultados: Las madres tenían entre 18 y 29 años (50,0 %), procedencia rural (66,7 %), primaria completa (33,3 %), amas de casa (83,3 %) y convivientes (79,2 %). En el pretest, se observó alta adherencia en factores sociales (50 %), personal de salud (75 %), enfermedad (87,5 %), persona que suplementa y paciente (75,5 %), y adherencia media en factores relacionados a la suplementación (54,2 %); en el postest, la adherencia alta se presentó en factores sociales (100,0 %), personal de salud (100,0 %), enfermedad (87,5 %), suplementación (95,8 %), persona que suministra el sulfato ferroso y paciente (100,0 %). La adherencia global fue media en el pretest (50,0 %) y alta en el postest (100,0 %). La recepción de mensajes fue alta para el test global (62,6 %), mensajes recordatorios (79,2 %), informativos (79,2 %) y motivacionales (75,0 %). Conclusión: los mensajes virtuales en salud tienen un efecto positivo en la adherencia terapéutica materna de anemia infantil (p < 0,05) y su inclusión en los servicios primarios de salud contribuirá favorablemente en la obtención de resultados óptimos.

Introdução: a adesão ao tratamento da anemia infantil é um tema abordado nos serviços de saúde, com resultados insatisfatórios; portanto, a implementação dessa estratégia favorecerá uma maior adesão ao tratamento com sulfato ferroso. Objetivo: avaliar o efeito das mensagens virtuais de saúde na adesão materna ao tratamento da anemia infantil. Materiais e método: foi realizado um estudo pré-experimental e longitudinal entre novembro e dezembro de 2022, do qual participaram 24 mães de crianças diagnosticadas com anemia; a adesão foi determinada por meio de um teste e a análise inferencial, por meio do teste de Wilcoxon. Resultados: as mães tinham entre 18 e 29 anos de idade (50 %), eram de áreas rurais (66,7 %), concluíram o ensino fundamental (33,3 %), eram donas de casa (83,3 %) e viviam juntas (79,2 %). No pré-teste, foi observada alta adesão em fatores sociais (50 %), equipe de saúde (75 %), doença (87,5 %), pessoa que suplementa e paciente (75,5 %), e adesão média em fatores relacionados à suplementação (54,2 %); no pós-teste, foi observada alta adesão em fatores sociais (100 %), equipe de saúde (100 %), doença (87,5 %), suplementação (95,8 %), pessoa que fornece sulfato ferroso e paciente (100 %). A adesão geral foi média no pré-teste (50 %) e alta no pós-teste (100 %). A recepção das mensagens foi alta para o teste geral (62,6 %), lembretes (79,2 %), mensagens informativas (79,2 %) e motivacionais (75 %). Conclusões: as mensagens virtuais de saúde têm um efeito positivo na adesão materna ao tratamento da anemia infantil (p < 0,05) e sua inclusão nos serviços de saúde primários contribuirá favoravelmente para a otimização dos resultados.

USO DE RÚBRICAS PARA LA EVALUACIÓN DE TEXTOS ACADÉMICOS: UN DESAFÍO EN LA ENSEÑANZA DE ENFERMERÍA / USE OF RUBRICS FOR THE EVALUATION OF ACADEMIC TEXTS: A CHALLENGE IN NURSING EDUCATION

INTRODUCCIÓN: Tanto la enseñanza de la escritura como la forma en que se evalúa constituyen un desafío importante en educación superior. La utilización de estrategias evaluativas permite remediar las carencias en habilidades de escritura, al ser no solo un recurso de evaluación exhaustivo y didáctico, sino que también, una guía para el desarrollo del texto en sí mismo. OBJETIVO: Desarrollar metodologías evaluativas para mejorar los aspectos de forma y contenido en la escritura de textos académicos en Enfermería. METODOLOGÍA: el proyecto contó de tres fases que contemplaron la construcción de dos instrumentos (fase 1), su aplicación en un texto académico y respectivos ajustes (fase 2), y la evaluación de dicha aplicación (fase 3). RESULTADOS: se obtuvieron dos rúbricas de tipo analíticas conformadas por los ítems de FORMA (aspectos de escritura) y CONTENIDO (aspectos de investigación), las que fueron aplicadas tres veces al texto para evaluar su progreso, observándose mejoras en la calificación global, en coherencia y cohesión en FORMA, y marco teórico, resultados y metodología, en CONTENIDO. DISCUSIÓN: el uso de rúbricas analíticas son una herramienta muy útil a la hora de evaluar textos académicos. Son instrumentos sumamente completos pues miran el proceso como un todo, actuando no solo como una instancia evaluativa, sino que también formadora para el estudiantado, a la vez que se configuran como una guía para el desarrollo de la escritura.

INTRODUCTION: Both the teaching of writing and the way it is evaluated constitute major challenges in higher education. The use of evaluative strategies can help remediate deficiencies in writing skills by being not only an exhaustive and didactic evaluation resource, but also a guide for the development of the text itself. OBJECTIVE: Develop evaluative methodologies to improve aspects of form and content in the writing of academic texts in Nursing. METHODOLOGY: The project had three phases that considered the construction of two instruments (phase 1), their application in an academic text (thesis report) and respective adjustments (phase 2), and, finally, the evaluation of said application. RESULTS: Two analytical headings were obtained (quantitative methodology and qualitative methodology), consisting of the items of FORM (writing aspects) and CONTENT (research aspects), respectively, which were applied three times to the text to evaluate its progress. Improvements were observed in the overall rating, in the areas of coherence and cohesion in FORM, and in the theoretical framework, results, and methodology in CONTENT. DISCUSSION: Analytical rubrics are a very useful tool when evaluating academic texts. They are extremely comprehensive instruments because they look at the process as a whole, serving not only as an evaluative tool, but also as a training opportunity for students, providing a guide for the development of academic writing skills.

Afianzamiento de las habilidades argumentativas de jóvenes universitarios noveles en Envigado

(analítico) Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación postdoctoral cuyo objetivo fue afianzar las habilidades argumentativas de jóvenes universitarios del primer semestre de una facultad en Envigado (Colombia), dados los bajos niveles identificados en semestres anteriores. Para ello, se realizó una investigación cualitativa, hermenéutico-comprensiva, apoyada en herramientas de estadística descriptiva. Se hicieron pruebas de entrada y salida a los participantes. Se diseñaron seis talleres a partir de los resultados de la prueba de entrada. Cada taller requería de un entregable. La intervención se realizó bajo el marco de la lingüística textual, el análisis crítico del discurso y la argumentación pragmadialéctica. Aquellos que participaron activamente en los talleres propuestos afianzaron sus habilidades argumentativas considerablemente y, según las participantes entrevistadas, reconocen su utilidad en tareas académicas y en la participación ciudadana.

(analytical) This paper presents the results of a postdoctoral research whose objective was to strengthen young university firstyear students' argumentative skills in a school in Envigado (Colombia), because of the low levels identified in prior semesters. Therefore, qualitative hermeneutics-comprehensive research supported in descriptive statistics was done. Entry and exit tests to participants were carried out. 6 workshops were designed based on the entry test results. Each workshop required a class product. Intervention was proposed from text linguistic, critical discourse analysis and pragma-dialectic argumentation. Those students who participated actively in the workshops significantly strengthened their argumentative skills and, as some interviewees mentioned, they recognized these skills use in academic tasks and citizenship participation.

(analítico) Este artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa de pósdoutorado cujo objetivo foi fortalecer as habilidades argumentativas de jovens universitários do primeiro semestre de uma faculdade de Envigado (Colombia), dados os baixos níveis identificados nos semestres anteriores. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa, hermenêutica-abrangente, apoiada em ferramentas estatísticas descritivas. Os participantes foram testados para entrada e saída. 6 workshops foram concebidos com base nos resultados do teste de admissão. Cada workshop exigia uma entrega. A intervenção foi realizada no quadro da linguística textual, da análise crítica do discurso e da argumentação pragmadialética. Aqueles que participaram ativamente das oficinas propostas fortaleceram consideravelmente suas habilidades argumentativas e, segundo os entrevistados, reconhecem sua utilidade nas tarefas acadêmicas e na participação cidadã.

Amblyopic patient adherence under patching treatment / Adesão de pacientes amblíopes sob uso de oclusores

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of text messaging in improving adherence to occlusion therapy for amblyopia. The secondary objective was to correlate the responses given in a self-reporting questionnaire with treatment outcome (improvement in visual acuity). Methods: This is a prospective, randomized, blinded clinical trial. The patients' parents or legal guardians in the intervention group received text messages reminding them of the importance of patching. The control group received no text messages. At final evaluation, after a period of three to six months, the patients' parents or legal guardians answered a self-reporting questionnaire to evaluate adherence to treatment. Results: The study included 34 patients with an average age of 5.35 years, 20 in the intervention group and 14 in the control group. According to the results of the self-reporting questionnaire, 50% of the study population was considered as having low adherence to treatment, 29% as having medium adherence, and 21% as having good adherence. There was no significant difference between trial groups. The comparison between an improvement in visual acuity and the mean value obtained in the self-reporting questionnaire showed a significant association between this improvement and adherence to treatment (p=0.03). Conclusion: The present study did not find a correlation between text messaging and an improvement in adherence to occlusion therapy, as shown by previous studies for different treatments. A statistically significant association was identified between an improvement in visual acuity and a good therapeutic adherence, as measured by the self-reporting questionnaire. This finding allows us to recommend using a self-reporting questionnaire as a simple method to measure adherence to treatment and help decisions about therapeutic strategies to be adopted in the patient's continuing treatment.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia do envio de mensagens de texto na melhora da adesão ao tratamento oclusivo da ambliopia. O objetivo secundário foi correlacionar as respostas dadas no questionário autorreportado e os resultados obtidos no tratamento (melhora da acuidade visual). Métodos: Ensaio clínico prospectivo, mascarado e randomizado. Os pais ou responsáveis legais dos pacientes no grupo intervenção receberam mensagens de texto para lembrar a importância dos oclusores. O grupo controle não recebeu mensagens. Na avaliação geral após 3 a 6 meses, os responsáveis responderam a um questionário autorreportado para avaliar a aderência ao tratamento. Resultados: Foram incluídos 34 pacientes com idade média de 5,35 anos; 20 eram do grupo intervenção. A população do estudo foi considerada 50% pouco aderente ao tratamento, 29% com aderência média e 21% com boa aderência, de acordo com resultado do questionário autorreportado. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos estudados. Quando comparada a relação entre a melhora da acuidade visual com o valor médio do questionário autorreportado, foi observada associação significativa da melhora com a adesão ao tratamento (p=0,03). Conclusão: Este estudo não mostrou melhora da aderência ao tratamento oclusivo com o envio de mensagens de texto, como tinha sido observado em estudos anteriores para outros tratamentos. Foi identificada uma relação estatisticamente significativa entre a melhora na acuidade visual e boa aderência terapêutica medida pelo questionário autorreportado. Isso permite recomendar o uso do questionário autorreportado como uma forma simples de mensurar aderência ao tratamento e auxiliar nas decisões sobre estratégias a serem adotadas na continuidade do seguimento do paciente.

Telephone messages regarding preventive measures against COVID-19 / Mensajes telefónicos frente a las medidas preventivas contra el COVID-19 / Mensagens telefônicas frente às medidas preventivas contra COVID-19

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the evidence of content validity of telephone messages regarding preventive measures against COVID-19. Method: Methodological study, in which messages containing text and image were developed through a narrative literature review and whose content was evaluated by eight judges in terms of clarity, practical relevance, theoretical relevance and vocabulary. The content validity index (CVI) was calculated, and messages that reached levels above 90% were considered to have adequate evidence of validity. Results: Eighteen text messages/images were developed containing information about COVID-19, hand hygiene, use and handling of masks and the importance of social distancing. After second round of evaluation, a content validity index above 90% was obtained in all evaluated indicators. Conclusion: The telephone messages were developed and showedadequate evidence of content validity.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar las evidencias de validez de contenido de los mensajes telefónicos frente a las medidas preventivas frente al COVID-19. Método: Estudio metodológico, en el cual se desarrollaron mensajes que contiene en texto e imagen a través de una revisión de literatura narrativa y cuyo contenido fue evaluado por ocho jueces en términos de claridad, relevancia práctica, relevancia teórica y vocabulario. Se calculó el índice de validez de contenido (IVC), y se consideró que los mensajes que alcanzaban niveles superiores al 90% tenían evidencia adecuada de validez. Resultados: Se desarrollaron 18 mensajes de texto/imágenes con información sobre COVID-19, higiene de manos, uso y manejo de mascarillas y la importancia del distanciamiento social. Luego de la segunda ronda de evaluación, se obtuvo un índice de validez de contenido superior al 90% en todos los indicadores evaluados. Conclusión: Los mensajes telefónicos fueron desarrollados y presentaron evidencia adecuada de validez de contenido.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar as evidências de validade de conteúdo de mensagens telefônicas frente as medidas preventivas contra a COVID-19. Método: Estudo metodológico, em que as mensagens contendo texto e imagem foram desenvolvidas por meio de uma revisão narrativa de literatura e que tiveram seu conteúdo avaliado por oito juízes em relação a clareza, pertinência prática, relevância teórica e vocabulário. Calculou-se o índice de validade de conteúdo (IVC), e considerou-se com adequadas evidências de validade, as mensagens que alcançaram índices acima de 90%. Resultados: Foram desenvolvidas 18 mensagens de texto/imagens contendo informações sobre a COVID-19, higienização das mãos, uso e manuseio das máscaras e a importância do distanciamento social. Após a segunda rodada de avaliação obteve-se um índice de validade de conteúdo acima de 90% em todos os indicadores avaliados. Conclusão: As mensagens telefônicas foram desenvolvidas e apresentaram adequadas evidências de validade de conteúdo.

Entity extraction and graph construction based on Chinese medical text / 中国药科大学学报

@#Knowledge graph technology has promoted the progress of new drug research and development, but domestic research starts late and domain knowledge is mostly stored in text, resulting in low rate of knowledge graph reuse.Based on multi-source and heterogeneous medical texts, this paper designed a Chinese named entity recognition model based on Bert-wwm-ext pre-training model and also integrated cascade thought, which reduced the complexity of traditional single classification and further improved the efficiency of text recognition.The experimental results showed that the model achieved the best performance with an F1-score of 0.903, a precision of 89.2%, and a recall rate of 91.5% on the self-built dataset.At the same time, the model was applied to the public dataset CCKS2019, and the results showed that the model had better performance and recognition effect.Using this model, this paper constructed a Chinese medical knowledge graph, involving 13 530 entities, 10 939 attributes and 39 247 relationships of them in total.The Chinese medical entity extraction and graph construction method proposed in this paper is expected to help researchers accelerate the new discovery of medical knowledge, and shorten the process of new drug discovery.

Exploration of the policy structure of China s school sexuality education based on text analysis / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the structural status of school sexuality education policies in China, so as to provide a reference to optimize their effectiveness and development.@*Methods@#A total of 45 policy documents closely related to school sexuality education, released at the national level, as samples in order to construct an analytic framework of policy objectives/instruments by analyzing their textual content.@*Results@#In terms of policy objectives, school sexuality education policies focused on educational methods guidance (32.76%), and tend to underestimate the evaluation of educational effects (5.17%) and the protection of teachers and students rights and interests (5.17%), while failed to consider the creation of educational environments (0). In regards to policy tools, school sexuality education policies often used command line tools (59.45%) and capacity building tools ( 29.71% ), while the use of system change tools (2.70%) and incentive tools was lacking (0). In respect to the adaptability of policy objectives/tools, school sexuality education policies focused on using command based tools to guide educational methods ( 68.42% ), educational process management (54.55%), student literacy improvement (38.46%), and educational resource development ( 37.50% ). However, system change tools and incentive tools were scarcely used to achieve policy goals in education effectiveness evaluation, to protect teacher student rights and interests, and to improve student literacy and comprehensive social governance.@*Conclusions@#There is some deviations in the positioning of policy objectives, the selection of policy tools, and the interaction and adaptation between the two in school sex education policies, and further improvement is needed.

Analysis of Chinese elderly health policies based on policy tools / 预防医学

Objective@#To analyze Chinese elderly health policy documents from 2018 to 2022 based on policy tools, so as to provide insights into improving elderly health policies and promoting healthy aging. @*Methods@#Elderly health policy documents were retrieved from “the magic weapon of Peking University”, the policy document database of the State Council and portal websites of relevant ministries and commissions using keywords “elderly”, “aging” and “elderly health”. The documents were encoded using content analysis and keywords were extracted. A two-dimensional analysis framework was constructed based on Rothwell and Zegveld's classification framework and dimension theory, and the use of policy tools was analyzed. @*Results@#Totally 57 Chinese elderly health policy documents were collected from 2018 to 2022, including 44 notices, 7 opinions, one rule, one regulation, one law, one announcement, one letter and one joint declaration. There were 37 documents (64.91%) issued by National Health Commission and its departments and offices. The high-frequency keywords in the documents included “medical and healthcare institutions”, “elderly health”, “rehabilitation/nursing”, “community/grassroots/rural”, “pilot”, “traditional Chinese medicine”, “propaganda” and “standardization”. There were 413 document codes, and the supply-, environment- and demand-side policy tools accounted for 52.54%, 31.72% and 15.74%, respectively. Public health and medical services (19.61%) and science popularization (7.99%) were the most commonly used supply-side policy tools, law/regulations and administration systems (7.99%) was the most commonly used environment-side policy tools, while pilot/demonstration projects (5.33%) was the most commonly used demand-side policy tools. The external and internal indicators of the system dimensions accounted for 48.18% and 51.82%, and political system (17.19%) and technical system (16.46%) were the two most commonly used external indicators, while service system (35.60%) was the most commonly used internal indicator.@*Conclusions@#Chinese elderly health policies focused on supply-side policies from 2018 to 2022, such as public health and medical services. The use of demand-side policy tools is recommended to be increased and the internal composition of supply- and environment-side policy tools are recommended to be optimized.

Comparative study on the theme of traditional Chinese medicine policies among different provinces of China / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To clarify the core content of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） policy in the provinces of China， so as to provide reference for optimizing the structure of the policy system of traditional Chinese medicine in China and assisting the inheritance and innovation of TCM industry in various regions. METHODS The websites of directly affiliated organs in 31 provinces， excluding Hong Kong， Macao and Taiwan， were retrieved to collect the TCM policies released from 2000 to 2021. The importance of keywords in the TCM policies of each province was measured based on term frequency-inverse documentation frequency （TF-IDF） keyword extraction method， and the similarities and differences were analyzed among TCM policies. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS A total of 99 documents related to TCM policies of various provinces were obtained in this study， most of which were released after 2016. The theme of national TCM policy covered four aspects： building TCM talent team， perfecting TCM service system， strengthening TCM resource management and promoting TCM industry innovation. The TF-IDF values of “medical institutions”“traditional Chinese medicine”“medical treatment” were higher than other keywords in each province， indicating that the provinces paid more attention to the construction of TCM service system and the management of TCM resources than other aspects. Anhui and Jiangsu， Beijing and Henan， Hubei and Jilin， Hubei and Tianjin， and Hubei and Yunnan had the more degree of similarity in TCM policies， which all contained 16 of the same keywords. Therefore， the above regions should be encouraged to strengthen exchanges and cooperation and realize mutual promotion and joint development. Among all the keywords whose importance ratio was greater than 0.2，“ Tibetan medicine” was unique to Qinghai and Tibet，“ disease type” was unique to Guangdong， and the TF-IDF value of “supervision and management” in Beijing was higher， indicating that the emphasis of TCM policy formulation in different provinces was various. Meanwhile， the top 10 keywords of TF- IDF value in all provinces did not have words related to financial input， and the TF-IDF values of “informatization” in most provinces did not rank at the top. It is suggested to increase financial input or encourage social financing， and add “Internet+new business” in the field of TCM.

Phytochemical interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder: A cluster co-occurrence network analysis using CiteSpace / 中西医结合学报

OBJECTIVE@#This study investigated trends in the study of phytochemical treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).@*METHODS@#The Web of Science database (2007-2022) was searched using the search terms "phytochemicals" and "PTSD," and relevant literature was compiled. Network clustering co-occurrence analysis and qualitative narrative review were conducted.@*RESULTS@#Three hundred and one articles were included in the analysis of published research, which has surged since 2015 with nearly half of all relevant articles coming from North America. The category is dominated by neuroscience and neurology, with two journals, Addictive Behaviors and Drug and Alcohol Dependence, publishing the greatest number of papers on these topics. Most studies focused on psychedelic intervention for PTSD. Three timelines show an "ebb and flow" phenomenon between "substance use/marijuana abuse" and "psychedelic medicine/medicinal cannabis." Other phytochemicals account for a small proportion of the research and focus on topics like neurosteroid turnover, serotonin levels, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression.@*CONCLUSION@#Research on phytochemicals and PTSD is unevenly distributed across countries/regions, disciplines, and journals. Since 2015, the research paradigm shifted to constitute the mainstream of psychedelic research thus far, leading to the exploration of botanical active ingredients and molecular mechanisms. Other studies focus on anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammation. Please cite this article as: Gao B, Qu YC, Cai MY, Zhang YY, Lu HT, Li HX, Tang YX, Shen H. Phytochemical interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder: A cluster co-occurrence network analysis using CiteSpace. J Integr Med. 2023; 21(4):385-396.

Construction of foreign medical quality and safety management models based on qualitative text analysis / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To systematically construct the foreign medical quality and safety management model by searching the English literature related to medical quality and safety management, so as to provide reference for improving the level of medical quality and safety management in China.Methods:The Web of Science database was used as the data source, the English literature related to medical quality and safety management in foreign countries was screened following the PRISMA guidelines, and the content of the screened literature was analyzed using qualitative text analysis based on the Structure Process System Outcome (SPSO) theoretical model.Results:In this study, a total of 37 articles were screened, 5 first-level themes of structure, process, system, outcome and continuous quality improvement were identified, 16 second-level themes were found, and their functional relationships were established. A theoretical model of the SPSO-Extension (SPSO-E) for medical quality and safety management was constructed, added new elements of the external environment, organizational outcome and employee outcome, and refined the continuous quality improvement into three segments of quality checking, problem handling and quality consolidation.Conclusions:In order to improve medical quality and safety management in China, the internal management model of the hospital should be dynamically adjusted according to the changes of external environment, and the result dimension should pay attention to the improvement of organization′s operational effectiveness and the physiological and psychological aspects of the staff. The final management results have a feedback effect on the hospital′s resource allocation, service delivery, organizational arrangements and cultural construction, promoting continuous improvement and enhancement of the hospital′s quality.

Policy evaluation of human organ transplantation based on policy modeling consistency index model / 器官移植

Objective To evaluate the policy of human organ transplantation in China, aiming to provide theoretical basis for further optimizing the policy of human organ transplantation. Methods Based on text mining and statistical analysis, seven normative policies of human organ transplantation formulated by national government from 2000 to 2022 were quantitatively evaluated by constructing policy modeling consistency (PMC) with 10 first-level variables and 35 second-level variables. Results Among the seven policies, six were graded as excellent policies and one as perfect policy, with an average PMC index of 8.476. Except X8 policy audience, the scores of other second-level variables of P5 were higher than or equal to the mean. The scores of all second-level variables of P1 were lower than or equal to the mean. P1 and P5 significantly differed in X3 policy timeliness, X4 policy norms and X6 policy tools. P5 was more specific and relatively comprehensive in these aspects, and its score was significantly higher than that of P1. Conclusions Human organ transplantation policies in China are generally excellent, scientific and rational. Health administrative departments at all levels should pay attention to the grasp of policy timeliness, the combination of policy tools, and fully mobilize the initiative and enthusiasm of all policy audience to participate in organ transplantation management when formulating organ transplantation policies.

Comprensión oral y escrita: efectos de la estructura textual / Reading and listening comprehension: effects of text structure

Resumen La comprensión lectora resulta fundamental en la vida escolar de los niños, dado que constituye el principal mecanismo para la adquisición de nuevos conocimientos. Distintos estudios han analizado la relación entre la comprensión lectora, las habilidades lingüísticas y el nivel lector de los sujetos. Sin embargo, resulta importante para el estudio del procesamiento textual, atender también al tipo de estructura de los textos. El presente trabajo se propone comparar el desempeño de un grupo de niños hispanohablantes en comprensión oral y escrita de dos tipos textuales distintos: narrativos y expositivos. Para ello, se evaluó a un grupo de 32 niños de 4to grado de una escuela primaria del conurbano bonaerense argentino mediante pruebas de comprensión oral y escrita de textos narrativos y expositivos. Además, se administró una prueba de vocabulario y de precisión y velocidad en la lectura de palabras. Los resultados señalaron la existencia de correlaciones entre la comprensión oral y escrita de los dos tipos textuales evaluados, y entre el desempeño en comprensión oral y escrita y el nivel de vocabulario de los niños. El análisis comparativo entre modalidades de presentación señaló un desempeño significativamente superior en la comprensión de textos narrativos orales frente a los escritos. Esta diferencia no se trasladó a los textos expositivos en los cuales los niños obtuvieron desempeños bajos, en ambas modalidades. Los datos obtenidos sugieren que los textos expositivos presentan un formato con características específicas que complejizan la comprensión de los niños más allá del soporte en el cual se presenten.

Abstract Reading comprehension is the ability to create a mental representation of a written text. It constitutes the main mechanism through children incorporate new knowledge at school age. Reading comprehension achievement has been systematically associated with oral comprehension and reading rate. Furthermore, both oral and reading comprehension has been related to inferences generation and different linguistic abilities, like vocabulary and syntax processing. In the case of text comprehension, also orthographic recognition of written words plays a fundamental role and, for that reason, reading comprehension would be a greater challenge than oral comprehension for early readers. Indeed, word recognition during reading is essential for text meaning construction. It is well known that a slow and laborious reading mechanism would overload cognitive processing and that reading automaticity is essential to carry out text processing. Longitudinal studies realized in different orthographies indicated that reading rate was the variable that had greatest impact on reading comprehension in early readers. In studies carried out in shallow orthographies, it was also observed that reading performance have an important impact on reading comprehension measure after 3 to 5 years of instruction. However, although impact of reading skills and oral comprehension mechanisms on reading comprehension has been reported in several studies, there is another important factor to consider: text structure. Studies propose that children tend to understand "narrative schemas" more easily since they are exposed to this type of text from a very early age. Likewise, all narrative texts present, in general, the same type of structure, respect temporal sequence of events and focus on story characters, their actions and motivations. In contrast, expository texts present new information to children, are oriented to a specific topic, contain less familiar and more technical vocabulary and a higher level of abstraction. This type of structure presents numerous cohesive connections and greater propositional density than narrative texts. The present study aims to compare listening and reading comprehension of narrative and expository text. For this, a group of 32 4th graders was evaluated in oral and reading comprehension of narrative and expository texts. In reading comprehension test, children read narrative and expository texts and then orally answered a series of questions. In oral comprehension, both narrative and expository texts were read aloud to children and then they answered questions about the texts orally. Vocabulary and reading rate were also measured. Data analysis shows correlations between oral comprehension and vocabulary. Reading comprehension were associated to vocabulary, oral comprehension and reading rate. Results suggest that oral and reading comprehension are associated with different linguistic skills and to each support access skills. In comprehension test, measures show higher performance in narrative oral comprehension texts when compared to reading comprehension. This result could be related to children reading rate. In fact, reading performance shows that children were "slow readers" according to the reading tests scales used in this study. Difference between oral and written comprehension in narrative texts, was not transferred to expository. In this type of texts children had low scores, without significant differences, in oral and reading comprehension. Results suggested that expository structures challenge children comprehension in both, oral and written modality. It is suggested that different types of expository texts difficult hierarchization of information that allows, in turn, the construction of text mental representation. Data of this study suggest the importance of establish interventions that allow children to improv text processing for access higher levels of comprehension in different textual structures. Furthermore, it is necessary in educational practices to expose children to expository structures from an early age. On the other hand, it is necessary to rethink reading instruction methods that originate low reading performance.

Producción del texto científico como competencia linguoestilística en las ciencias médicas / Production of the scientific text as linguistic-stylistic competence in medical sciences

RESUMEN Introducción: La producción del texto científico en las áreas del conocimiento humano y en particular en las ciencias médicas, constituye una exigencia actual. Pese a ello se presentan insuficiencias que limitan la creación científica, su promoción y la calidad de los documentos, debido a carencias que afectan el desarrollo de la competencia linguoestilística. El texto tiene como objetivo analizar los resultados del diagnóstico inicial del desarrollo de la producción del texto científico como competencia linguoestilística en los usuarios de la revista científica cubana Archivo Médico de Camagüey. Métodos: Los resultados se adscribe al proyecto de investigación Perfeccionamiento de competencias profesionales en el contexto de la salud, que se gestiona en el Centro para el Desarrollo de las Ciencias Sociales y Humanísticas en Salud y con la participación del Centro Provincial de Información de las Ciencias Médicas, pertenecientes a la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey, el cual se ejecuta entre enero de 2020 y diciembre de 2022. Constituye el acercamiento inicial en un estudio de carácter investigación+desarrollo (I+D) cuya muestra involucra usuarios de la revista. Resultados: Se presentan insuficiencias metodológicas, sintácticas, semánticas y pragmáticas que limitan la calidad de los enunciados e impiden la producción del texto científico. Discusión: Se reconoce la necesidad de sistematizar acciones para el desarrollo de hábitos, habilidades, destrezas y capacidades que determinen el dominio en el profesional de las ciencias médicas de la competencia linguoestilística, de manera que la producción del texto científico se convierta en modo de actuación como desempeño en esta área del saber humano.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The production of the scientific text in the areas of human knowledge and in particular in the medical sciences, is a current requirement. Despite this, shortcomings appear, which limit scientific creation, its promotion and the quality of the documents, due to shortcomings that affect the development of linguistic competence. The text has as an objective to analyze the results of the initial diagnosis of development of scientific text production as a stylistic linguistics competence in the users of the Cuban scientific journal Medical Files of Camagüey. Methods: The results are ascribed to the research project Enhancement of professional skills in the context of health, which is managed by the Center for the Development of Social and Humanistic Sciences in Health and with the participation of the Provincial Information Center of Medical Sciences, belonging to the University of Medical Sciences of Camagüey, which runs between January 2020 and December 2022. It constitutes the initial approach in a research+development (R+D) study whose simple involves users of the magazine. Results: There are methodological, syntactic, semantics and pragmatics that limit the quality of statements and impede the production of the scientific text. Discussion: The need to systematize actions for the development of habits, abilities, skills and capacities that determine the domain in the professional of the medical sciences of the linguistic-stylistic competence, so that the production of the scientific text becomes a mode of action as performance in this area of human knowledge.

Text Messages Validation and Adaptation for Breastfeeding Promotion / Validación y adaptación de mensajes de texto para el fomento de la lactancia materna / Validação e adaptação de mensagens de texto para o fomento da lactância materna

Abstract Objective: to design and validate a text messages database to promote breastfeeding. Materials and methods: quantitative research, instruments validation type done in three phases: (1) creation of text messages from documental analysis, (2) validation of content with experts, (3) comprehension tests with pregnant and maternal women. The analyzed information was done with SPSS version 22. Results: the final database had 96 text messages, submitted to the content validation phase with the participation of 13 experts. The internal consistency was "very high" with Cronbach Alfa of 0.93. The results of comprehension tests showed an adequate understanding of messages by pregnant and maternal women. Conclusions: the quantitative results showed through Cronbach Alfa, and comprehension tests administered to pregnant and maternal women, allowed to keep all the messages elaborated in phase 0 of the research and justify their adequate use for the promotion of breastfeeding.

Resumen Objetivo: diseñar y validar una base de datos de mensajes de texto para el fomento de la lactancia materna. Materiales y métodos: investigación cuantitativa del tipo validación de instrumentos, realizada en tres fases, la primera, permitió elaborar los mensajes de texto a partir de indagación documental; en la segunda se llevó a cabo la validación de contenido con expertos en la temática y en la tercera se realizaron las pruebas de comprensión con gestantes y lactantes. La información fue analizada en el software SPSS versión 22. Resultados: la base de datos de mensajes de texto final estuvo conformada por 96 mensajes, los cuales fueron sometidos a la fase de validación de contenido donde participaron 13 expertos. La consistencia interna se ubicó como "muy alto" con el Alfa de Cronbach de 0,93. Los resultados de las pruebas de comprensión evidenciaron un adecuado entendimiento de los mensajes por parte de las gestantes y lactantes. Conclusiones: los resultados cuantitativos evidenciados a través del Alfa de Cronbach, junto con las pruebas de comprensión realizadas con madres gestantes y lactantes, permitieron conservar el total de mensajes elaborados en la fase 0 de la investigación y soportan su adecuada utilización para el fomento de la lactancia materna.

Resumo Objetivo: esenhar e validar uma base de dados de mensagens de texto para o fomento da lactância materna. Materiais e métodos: pesquisa quantitativa o tipo validação de instrumentos, feita em três fases, a primeira, permitiu elaborar as mensagens de texto a partir de indagação documental; na segunda se levou a cabo a validação de conteúdo com expertos na temática e na terceira se realizaram as provas de compreensão com gestantes e lactantes. A informação foi analisada no software SPSS versão 22. Resultados: a base de dados de mensagens de texto final esteve conformada por 96 mensagens, os quais foram submetidos à fase de validação de conteúdo onde participaram 13 expertos. A consistência interna se ubicou como "muito alto" com l Alfa de Cronbach de 0,93. Os resultados das provas de compreensão evidenciaram um adequado entendimento das mensagens por parte das gestantes e lactantes. Conclusões: os resultados quantitativos evidenciados a través do Alfa de Cronbach, junto com as provas de compressão feitas com mães gestantes e lactantes, permitiram conservar o total de mensagens elaborados na fase 0 da pesquisa e suportam sua adequada utilização para o fomento da lactância materna.

Prioridades de atención en zonas rurales en escenarios posconflicto: un análisis de minería de texto / Attention priorities in rural areas in post-conflict scenarios: a text mining analysis

RESUMEN Las herramientas automatizadas de análisis de texto resumen grandes volúmenes de información y permiten generar, de forma eficiente, conocimiento a partir de datos desestructurados, como las opiniones. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar prioridades en comunidades afectadas por el conflicto armado, utilizando ejercicios participativos de 13 municipios de Antioquia, Colombia. Se analizaron 15.534 opiniones, de 9.765 personas; tras una limpieza de texto, se describió el uso, la asociación, la diferenciación y la importancia de los términos, según los enfoques temáticos y tipos de opinión expresados, utilizando minería de texto en R. Se encontró que las prioridades giraban en torno a la disponibilidad de infraestructuras, dotación e insumos, ya que eran las problemáticas más mencionadas por las comunidades y correspondía con la realidad territorial; por otra parte, las oportunidades estaban representadas, principalmente, por los recursos naturales y humanos. El análisis de minería de texto del ejercicio participativo permitió identificar las prioridades de las comunidades, a nivel socioeconómico, de forma satisfactoria; sin embargo, la preparación de la información requiere mucho trabajo y los resultados se deben revisar cuidadosamente, para asegurar su coherencia. Que la información pueda ser analizada por agentes externos a la colección de datos, representa otra ventaja de esta herramienta.

ABSTRACT Automated text analysis tools summarize large volumes of information and allow efficient generation of insights from unstructured data such as opinions. The objective of this work was to identify priorities in communities affected by the armed conflict using participatory exercises in 13 municipalities of Antioquia, Colombia. 15,534 opinions from 9,765 people were analyzed. After a text cleaning, the use, association, differentiation and importance of the terms were described according to the thematic approaches and types of opinion expressed using text mining in R. It was found that the priorities revolved around the availability of infrastructures, endowment and inputs, since they were the most mentioned problems by the communities, and that this corresponded to the territorial reality. On the other hand, the opportunities were mainly represented by natural and human resources. The text mining analysis of the participatory exercise allowed to identify the priorities of the communities at the socio-economic level in a satisfactory way. However, the preparation of the information is labor intensive and the results must be carefully reviewed to ensure consistency. Another advantage of this tool is that the information can be analyzed by external agents to the data collection.

Adesão ao formato preprint por docentesde odontologia das universidades públicas do Rio Grande do Sul / Adherence to the preprint format by dentistry professors from public universities in Rio Grande do Sul

Objetivo: Avaliar a aderência à publicação de preprints pelos professores dos cursos de pós-graduação em Odontologia, das três Universidades Federais do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS, UFPel e UFSM) (n = 97). Materiais e métodos: Quatro revisores realizaram a busca de publicações em formato preprint, em maio de 2021, nas plataformas MedArxive SciELO Preprints, por cada professor incluído. Os mesmos revisores extraíram os dados que foram checados por um quinto revisor. Para a avaliação e comparação das dife-rentes universidades foi utilizado o teste exato de Fisher, com posterior análise dos resíduos com α corrigido. Para a comparação entre as plataformas foi realizado o teste do Qui-quadrado de Pearson (α = 0,05). Resultados: Os resul-tados mostraram que 16,5% (n=16) do total de professores incluídos já haviam publicado pelo menos 1 preprint em alguma das duas plataformas, sendo que a UFPel diferiu estatisticamente das outras universidades, apresentando o maior número de aderência seguido pela UFRGS e UFSM (p=0,038). Não houve diferença estatística quanto a com-paração das plataformas pesquisadas (p=0,306). Discussão: Os achados demonstram que este formato, mesmo que de forma incipiente, já é uma realidade na área de Odontologia. Conclusão: Os achados deste estudo indicam uma baixa taxa de aderência ao formato de publicação preprint pelos professores dos programas de pós-graduação em Odontologia das universidades públicas do Rio Grande do Sul.

Aim: To evaluate the adherence to the publication of preprints by professors of postgraduate programs in Dentistry, from the three Federal Universities of the Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS, UFPel and UFSM) (n = 97). Mate-rials and methods: Four reviewers performed a search for publications in the preprint format, in May 2021, on the MedArxiv and SciELO Preprints platforms, for each included professor. The same reviewers extracted the data which were checked by a fifth reviewer. Fisher's exact test was used for the evaluation and comparison of the different universities. For comparison between platfor-ms, Pearson's Chi-square test was applied with α = 0.05. Results: The results showed that 16.5% (n=16) of the total number of professors included had already published at least 1 preprint on either of the platforms, with UFPel differing statistically from the other universities, with the highest membership followed by UFRGS and UFSM (p = 0.038). There was no statistical difference between the platforms concerning the number of published pre-prints (p=0,306). Discussion: The findings demonstrate that this format, even incipiently, is already a reality in the Dentistry field. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate a low rate of adherence to the preprint publication model by professors of the postgraduate programs in Dentistry in the public universities in of the Rio Grande do Sul state in Brazil.

Obtención de nueva información sobre el síndrome urémico hemolítico mediante minería de texto / Obtaining new information on hemolytic uremic syndrome by text mining

Resumen El síndrome urémico hemolítico (SUH) está caracterizado por microangiopatía trombótica, anemia hemolítica, trombocitopenia e insuficiencia renal aguda. Puede causar desde secuelas permanentes hasta muerte, principalmente en niños. En este trabajo, utilizando minería de textos (MT), se analizó el texto explícito e implícito de 16 192 artículos científicos originales sobre SUH indexados en la base de datos de Europe PMC. Los objetivos fueron examinar comportamientos, realizar seguimiento de tendencias, hacer predicciones y cruzar datos con otras fuentes de información. Para el análisis se utilizaron -entre otras herramientas infor máticas- flujos de trabajo (FT) especialmente desarrollados en la plataforma KNIME. La MT sobre las palabras de los resúmenes de las publicaciones permitió: detectar asociaciones no descritas entre eventos relacionados con SUH; extraer información subyacente; hacer agrupamientos temáticos mediante algoritmos no supervisados; realizar predicciones sobre el curso de las investigaciones asociadas al tema. Tanto el abordaje como los FT desarrollados para realizar Ciencia de Datos sobre SUH pueden aplicarse a otros temas biomédicos y a otras bases de datos científicos, permitiendo analizar aspectos relevantes en el campo de la salud humana para me jorar la investigación, la prevención y el tratamiento de múltiples enfermedades.

Abstract Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is characterized by thrombotic microangiopathy, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and acute renal failure. It can cause from permanent sequelae to death, mainly in children. In this work, using text mining (TM), we analyzed the explicit and implicit text of 16 192 original scientific articles on HUS indexed in the Europe PMC database. The objectives were to examine behaviors, track trends, and make predictions and cross-check data with other sources of information. For the analysis we used -among other computational tools- specially developed workflows (WF) in the KNIME platform. The TM on the words of the abstracts of the publications made it possible to: detect undescribed associations between events related to HUS; extract underly ing information; make thematic clustering using unsupervised algorithms; make forecasting about the course of research associated with the topic. Both the approach and the WFs developed to perform Data Science on HUS can be applied to other biomedical topics and other scientific databases, making it possible to analyze relevant aspects in the field of human health to improve research, prevention and treatment of multiples diseases.