Predicting the Response of Preoperative Chemotherapy in Osteosarcoma by Thallium-201 Scintigraphy / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: The current study was designed to evaluate the ability of thallium-201 scintigraphy to predict the response to preoperative chemotherapy in osteosarcoma, by comparing changes in thallium uptake ratio after chemotherapy to the tumor necrosis ratio. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve osteosarcoma patients were included in this study. Thallium-201 scintigraphy was performed before and after preoperative chemotherapy, and the degree of tumor necrosis was estimated by histologic mapping postoperatively. To quantitatively determine thallium uptake, we drew a region of interest on the tumor side and on the contralateral normal side as a mirror image, and calculated the uptake ratio with dividing the gamma count in the tumor side by that of the normal side. We calculated these percent changes of thallium uptake ratio in the early and delayed phases, and compared these to the corresponding tumor necrosis ratio. RESULTS: Percent changes in the thallium uptake ratio were found to be correlated with the tumor necrosis ratio (p<0.03). This correlation was found in both the early (p<0.03) and delayed phase (p<0.03); moreover the correlation coefficient in early phase (0.79) was greater than that in the delayed phase (0.67). CONCLUSION: Thallium-201 scintigraphy could be effective at predicting the response to preoperative chemotherapy in osteosarcoma.

The Role of Thallium-201 Scintigraphy in Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor / 영남의대학술지

Thallium-201 scintigraphy is used to discriminate the malignant bone tumor from the benign by qualitatively and quantitatively, and to predict the response of preoperative chemotherapy in osteosarcoma, by comparing the changes of thallium uptake ratio after chemotherapy to the tumor necrosis ratio. Thallium-201 scintigraphy scan should be done prior to surgical biopsy. PICKER Prism 2000 gamma camera with high resolution parallel hole collimator is usually used for scanning. The patient is injected with 2-3mCi of Tl-201 and the early phase is checked in 30 minutes and delayed phase in 3 hours. The scan images are visually evaluated by a blinded nuclear medicine physician. We could evaluate true positive, true negative, false positive and false negative by the comparison of results with those of biopsy, and calculate positive and negative predictive value(%), sensitivity(%), specificity(%) and diagnostic accuracy(%). For the quantitative analysis of thallium uptake, we drew the region of interest on the tumor side and contralateral normal side as mirror image, and calculated the uptake ratio with dividing the amount of gamma count in tumor side by normal side. We could calculate the percent changes of thallium uptake ratio in early and delayed phase, and compare them to the ratio of tumor necrosis. Thallium-201 scintigraphy proved as useful imaging study to discriminate malignant bone tumor from benign, but had exception in giant cell tumor and low grade malignant bone tumors. We can use T1-201 scan to differentiate the benign from the malignant tumor, and to evaluate the response of preoperative chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and to determine the residual tumor or local recurrence. For the better result, we need to have a more detail information about false positive cases and a more objective and quantitative reading technique.

The Role of Thallium-201 Scintigraphy in Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor / 영남의대학술지

Thallium-201 scintigraphy is used to discriminate the malignant bone tumor from the benign by qualitatively and quantitatively, and to predict the response of preoperative chemotherapy in osteosarcoma, by comparing the changes of thallium uptake ratio after chemotherapy to the tumor necrosis ratio. Thallium-201 scintigraphy scan should be done prior to surgical biopsy. PICKER Prism 2000 gamma camera with high resolution parallel hole collimator is usually used for scanning. The patient is injected with 2-3mCi of Tl-201 and the early phase is checked in 30 minutes and delayed phase in 3 hours. The scan images are visually evaluated by a blinded nuclear medicine physician. We could evaluate true positive, true negative, false positive and false negative by the comparison of results with those of biopsy, and calculate positive and negative predictive value(%), sensitivity(%), specificity(%) and diagnostic accuracy(%). For the quantitative analysis of thallium uptake, we drew the region of interest on the tumor side and contralateral normal side as mirror image, and calculated the uptake ratio with dividing the amount of gamma count in tumor side by normal side. We could calculate the percent changes of thallium uptake ratio in early and delayed phase, and compare them to the ratio of tumor necrosis. Thallium-201 scintigraphy proved as useful imaging study to discriminate malignant bone tumor from benign, but had exception in giant cell tumor and low grade malignant bone tumors. We can use T1-201 scan to differentiate the benign from the malignant tumor, and to evaluate the response of preoperative chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and to determine the residual tumor or local recurrence. For the better result, we need to have a more detail information about false positive cases and a more objective and quantitative reading technique.

Usefulness of Thallium-201 Scintigraphy for Differentiating Benign and Malignant Thyroid Nodules in Inconclusive Cases with Fine Needle Aspiration / 대한내분비학회지

BACKGROUND: Although fine needle aspiration(FNA) is recognized as the most accurate procedure in the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules, about 20~30% of nodules remain inconclusive in FNA. Therefore, we assessed the usefulness of Thallium-201 scintigraphy in differentiating benign from malignant thyroid nodules in patients with inconclusive diagnosis by FNA. METHODS: We studied 43 patients with inconclusive diagnosis(29 of follicular neoplasm, 11 of cystic change and 3 of inadequate) by FNA, with the results being confirmed histopathologically by operation. Thallium-201 scintigraphy was performed at 15 minutes(early scan) and 2-3 hours(late scan) after the intravenous administration of 37 MBq of thallium-201. Malignant nodules were defined by the retention of Thallium-201 on delayed images. RESULTS: In the 43 patients with inconclusive FNA diagnosis, Thallium-201 scan had a sensitivity of 75.0%, specificity of 62.9% and accuracy of 65.1%. The positive and negative predictive values were 31.6% and 91.7%, respectively. In the 29 patients with follicular neoplasm by FNA, Thallium-201 scan had a sensitivity of 83.3%, specificity of 60.9% and accuracy of 65.5%. The positive and negative predictive values were 35.7% and 93.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION: In particular, Thallium-201 scintigraphy demonstrated a high negative predictive value, Therefore, for patients with inconclusive FNA findings, Thallium-201 scintigraphy might be useful in differentiating between benign and malignant thyroid nodules, and has the potential to reduce the rate of unnecessary operations in benign nodules.

Cineventriculografia com radionuclídeos e dipiridamol venoso na avaliaçäo prognóstica após infarto agudo do miocárdio / Dipyridamole­radionuclide ventriculography in the prediction offuture cardiac events after acute myocardial infarction.

Avaliar a cineventriculografia com radionuclídeos (VGR) e dipiridamol venoso (VGR-D) na previsäo de futuros eventos cardíacos após infarto do miocárdio (IAM). Casuística e Métodos - Quarenta e um pacientes (37 homens) com IAM submetidos a VGR em repouso e VGR-D (0,58 mg/Kg de peso) venoso. Considerou-se positivo para isquemia a incapacidade em elevar a fraçäo de ejeçäo do ventrículo esquerdo em 0,05 do valor basal. Todos os pacientes foram ainda submetidos a cinecoronariografia e, em 36 casos, foi realizada cintigrafia com tálio-201 para comparaçäo. O acompanhamento médico foi de 16 ñ 3 meses, sendo definido como evento cardíaco futuro as ocorrências de morte de origem cardíaca, reinfarto do miocárdio, angina ou insuficiência cardíaca significativas. Resultados - Vinte (50%) pacientes apresentaram eventos cardíacos durante a evoluçäo. Destes 90% tinham VGR-D positiva, enquanto que dentre os livres de eventos, VGR-D foi positiva em 24% (p < 0,01). Entre os parâmetros ventriculográficos estudados, o tipo de reposta da fraçäo de ejeçäo do ventrículo esquerdo ao dipiridamol, bem como seus valores absolutos apresentaram os mais significativos resultados da previsäo de futuros eventos (p < 0,01 e p < 0,001). Dos 36 pacientes submetidos também a cintigrafia de perfusäo, 16 subseqüentemente evoluíram com eventos, dentre os quais a cintigrafia era positiva em 82% (p < 0,01). Näo houve complicaçöes fatais, embora 12 (29%) pacientes tenham apresentado reaçöes isquêmicas clínicas durante o teste. Conclusäo - VGR-D mostrou-se sensível na previsäo de eventos cardíacos futuros após IAM, embora experiência adicional seja necessária antes de recomendá-la rotineiramente

Purpose ­ To evaluate safety and usefulness of dipyridarrtole-radionuclide ventriculography (D-RVG), soon after acute myocardial infarction (MI), in the prediction of future cardiac events. Traditionally performed tests were also compared. Patients and Methods ­ Forty-one patients (4 females) with recent MI underwent rest and dipyridamole (0,58 mg/kg of body weight) radionuclide ventriculography. The criteria for a positive test for ischemia was failure to increase left ventricular ejection fraction in 0,05 from baseline value. All patients had also coronary angiography and 36 patients underwent thallium-201 scintigraphy for comparison. The mean follow-up was 16 ± 3 months. The following findings were considered future for events: cardiac death, reinfarction, significant angina or heartfailure. Results ­ During the follow-up 18 of the 20 patients who had cardiac events had shown positive dipyridamole-RVG, as opposed to 5 of 21 event-free patients (p < 0,01). The ventriculographic criteria for a positive test and dipyridamole left ventricular ejection fraction were the strongest predictors of those medical events (p < 0,01 and p < 0,001). Among the 36 patients who had thallium-201 imaging, 16 subsequently had cardiac events and the scans were positive in 82% (p < 0,01). Twelve (29%) patients experienced reactions during dipyridamole infusion although no fatal complications were noted. Conclusion ­ Dipyridamole-RVG is relatively safe and a sensitive predictor of future cardiac events soon after acute MI, although additional experience is required before this new technique should be routinely recommended as an alternative approach.