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Objective:To evaluate the prognostic efficacy of the Chinese Group on the Study of Severe Hepatitis B (COSSH) acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) II score (COSSH ACLF IIs) and associated risk stratification in predicting short-term prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus-related ACLF (HBV-ACLF).Methods:Clinical data of 224 patients with HBV-ACLF admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College and the First Hospital of Quanzhou, Fujian Medical University from January 2018 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into survival group ( n=171) and fatal group ( n=53) according to 28-day survival status. The values of the COSSH ACLF IIs, the Chronic Liver Failure-Consortium (CLIF-C) ACLF score (CLIF-C ACLFs), the CLIF-C organ failure score (CLIF-C OFs), the Model of End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score (MELDs), the MELD-sodium score (MELD-Nas), and the Child-Turcotte-Pugh score (CTPs) for 28-day mortality prediction were compared using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The patients were divided into groups according to COSSH ACLF classification and COSSH ACLF IIs risk stratification, respectively. The differences in 28-day mortality between groups were compared by Kaplan-Meir method, and the consistency of the two ACLF classification systems was compared by Kappa consistency test. Results:The AUC, sensitivity, and specificity of the COSSH ACLF IIs in 28-day mortality prediction were 0.885, 0.981 and 0.731, respectively. For predicting 28-day mortality, the COSSH ACLF IIs achieved a higher AUC than the CLIF-C OFs, the MELDs, the MELD-Nas, and the CTPs ( P<0.01), while there was no significant difference in AUC between the COSSH ACLF IIs and the CLIF-C ACLFs ( Z=1.696, P=0.090). The cumulative 28-day mortality rates significantly increased with the ascending of COSSH ACLF grade and risk strata of the COSSH ACLF IIs (11.7%, 43.5% and 93.3%, P<0.001; 14.2%, 41.0% and 81.3%, P<0.001). The two ACLF grading systems showed a consistency in severity stratification of HBV-ACLF patients (Kappa=0.478, P<0.001). Conclusion:The COSSH ACLF IIs shows an excellent prognostic performance in predicting short-term mortality of HBV-ACLF patients. Using the new risk stratification scale can simplify the severity stratification of HBV-ACLF patients.
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In leading the high-quality development of Chinese medicine preparations, it is an important link to formulate the scientific, reasonable, and feasible guidelines for the change of Chinese medicines in accordance with the change characteristics and principles of the Chinese medicines is an important work to promote the Technical guidelines for the study of pharmaceutical changes in traditional Chinese medicines was formed by a broad consensus based on the characteristics and research results of the pharmaceutical changes in Traditional Chinese Medicines(TCM)with the principles of science and risk management. This guideline has clarified the basic principles and requirements for the evaluation of changes in TCM, specified the research and verification work of common change scenarios, defined the boundaries of changes in TCM, and proposed to encourage the use of new technologies, new methods, and new excipients that meet product characteristics. It will definitely promote the quality improvement and the secondary development of TCM. In this article, the revision background and main content of the guideline were introduced, and the main features of the Guideline were analyzed, in order to provide references for the industry.
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Consensus , Drug Compounding , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Quality ImprovementABSTRACT
Introduction: Decompensated liver disease caused by various modifiable and non-modifiable factors leads to the progression of cirrhosis, jaundice, bleeding varies and other complications which leads to high complications and mortality. This study was carried out to predict whether serum ferritin a marker of body iron stores and inflammation is a valid prognostic marker in advanced liver disease. Aim of the study: To study whether serum ferritin levels as an independent prognostic marker to predict the mortality of patients with decompensated liver disease. Materials and methods: It was a prospective and analytical study of 100 patients admitted to our hospital with DCLD and its complications. The study period was from August 2017 to July 2018. After informed consent patients were evaluated with laboratory investigations, clinical examination. Results: It was found that among enrolled 100 patients after getting informed consent, the majority were male patients but sex wise both female and male patients that P- the value of the comparison non-significant. This indicated that there was a low correlation between, LFT values with SF values. This also proved that high SF values were having a low association with LFT values which needs more investigation. Conclusion: Serum ferritin is one of the surrogate markers to predict prognosis in the patients of DCLD. Compared with a well established prognostic model like MELD score, to assess the mortality with SF level is statistically valid one. So, in future SF levels will be a one of the best screening independent prognostic markers in people with liver disease
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The 2019 European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) Clinical Practice Guidelines (hereinafter referred to as the EASL Guidelines) extracted the required evidence from detailed research materials, and rigorously graded and condensed the varying strengths of evidence into 32 recommendations and 14 statements (recommendations and reminders) for drug-induced Liver Injury (DILI). This guideline has important reference values for helping clinicians to further improve their understanding of DILI and the level of clinical diagnosis, treatment and prevention; however, there are still several issues worthy of further discussion.
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Resumen En este artÌculo se presentan tres conceptos que son fundamentales en la formaciÛn teÛrica neuropsicolÛgica: datos histÛricos en el estudio del cerebro humano, evaluaciÛn neuropsicolÛgica de las funciones cerebrales y la rehabilitaciÛn neuropsicolÛgica de las funciones cerebrales. Como datos relevantes en el desarrollo teÛrico del estudio del cerebro humano se hace un recorrido por los actos de trepanaciÛn realizados cientos de aÒos atr·s, los aportes de la frenologÌa, los magistrales hallazgos de Broca y Wernicke, el aporte heurÌstico de Luria y la revoluciÛn actual que se vive con la neuro-imagen. En la evaluaciÛn neuropsicolÛgica de funciones cerebrales se analiza el papel de las pruebas especÌficas, no especÌficas y de observaciÛn diferida en la interpretaciÛn del estado neuropsicolÛgico del ser humano, que permiten analizar las funciones neuropsicolÛgicas en el laboratorio y en las actividades de la vida real. Finalmente, se analiza el proceso de rehabilitaciÛn neuropsicolÛgica de las funciones cerebrales, en donde se hace menciÛn a los procesos de restauraciÛn, compensaciÛn, sustituciÛn, activaciÛn-estimulaciÛn e integraciÛn, que son de gran utilidad al momento de intervenir en un cerebro que ha sufrido un daÒo adquirido. Se concluye que el ritmo acelerado actual ha determinado el avance de la neurociencia, en donde la tecnologÌa y el contundente aporte cientÌfico proponen dÌa a dÌa nuevas tÈcnicas y teorÌas para entender los procesos de evaluaciÛn y rehabilitaciÛn del funcionamiento cerebral.
Abstract This article presents three concepts that are fundamental in the neuropsychological theoretical: historical data in the study of the human brain, neuropsychological evaluation of brain functions and neuropsychological rehabilitation of brain functions. As relevant data in the theoretical development of the study of the human brain is a tour of the trepanation acts performed hundreds of years ago, the contributions of phrenology, the masterful findings of Broca and Wernicke, the heuristic contribution of Luria and the current revolution with neuroimaging. In the neuropsychological evaluation of brain functions the role of specific, non-specific and delayed observation tests in the interpretation of the neuropsychological state of the human being is analyzed, which allow analyzing neuropsychological functions in the laboratory and in real life activities. Finally, we analyze the process of neuropsychological rehabilitation of brain functions, where mention is made of the processes of restoration, compensation, substitution, activation-stimulation and integration, which are very useful when intervening in a brain that has suffered an acquired damage. It is concluded that the current accelerated pace has determined the advance of neuroscience, where technology and the forceful scientific contribution propose new techniques and theories to understand the processes of evaluation and rehabilitation of brain functioning.
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Objective:To investigate the Value of Wavelet Analysis to Ultrasonic Diagnosis for liver neoplasms. Methods: The tissue images of Liver Neoplasms by ultrasonic examination experienced color conversion with Photoshop software, and the corresponding relationship among wavelet coefficient, spacial distribution and local image characteristic after conversion were analyzed, i.e.the row details were arrayed in line sequence,the line details in row sequence and the diagonal details in Zsequence. Results: The frequency spectral data and the image texture information were provided via imaging detection and wavelet analysis of, as well as the quantitative data description of the texture of the foci or the normal tissue. Conclusion:Wavelet analysis provided with a reliable basis for the early clinical diagnosis and treatment for liver neoplasms, by which the focal character and degree can be differentiated or analyzed.
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Introduction: The Ribes diacanthum.Pall (R.D) is widely used in the treatment of kidney and urinary tract inflammation, however, it seems that the preparation and usage of decoction with high effect treatment compounds lack in practice. The phytochemical research of Ribes dianthus finds that the leaves, stem and branches of the plant contain biologically active compounds such as tannin, saponin, flavonoid and coumarin. [3] Moreover, pharmacological study shows that it supports kidney tissue regeneration and protects kidneys from inflammatory.[4] Innovative aspects of this research is the pharmaceutical study on preparation of decoction and tincture from R.D to obtain the stable and easy-to-use medicine, also determination of quantity of biologically active compounds. Goal: The research was conducted in order to determine the index of tinctures and quantity of biologically active compounds preparing decoction and tinctures of raw R.D according to the technological standards. Materials and methods used in research: The research was carried out in pharmachemistry laboratory at Monos university in April, 2013. In the process of the study, raw materials of R.D with 5.25% moisture, and 20%- 40% of spirit, aerometer and refractometer were used to determine tannin by the pharmacopeia method. The result of the study: The raw materials in proportion of 1:10 were prepared to make decoction in accordance with corresponding technology. Similarly, tinctures were prepared in above mentioned proportion by the method of maceration. The newly created tinctures were from light brown to a little dark brown in color, with not too strong spirit odor. The aerometer measurement indicated that dense of 20%- tincture was 0.970 g/ml whereas 40%- tincture has 0.948g/ml. Light refracture was measured by the refractometer to determine spirit volume. The results showed that in the 20% -tincture there was 1.3450 of light refracture and the spirit amount was 21.1%, while 40%- tincture had 1.3520 light refracture and the spirit amount was 35.4%. When the reaction of identification of tannin was experimented we got complete identification reactions of tannin. That tannin’s amount in decoction was 0.327±0.032, whereas it was 0.323±0.078 in 20%- tinctures shows the amount was almost the same. However, the amount of tannin in 40%- tincture was 0.169±0.078, which was 1.9 times less than that in decoction. It is apparent from the study that the amount of tannin of R.D in 20% -tinctures is more than that of 40%- tinctures. Therefore it is possible to continue the study in the future. Conclusion 1. The amount of tannin in decoction was determined 2. Dense, spirit volume and tannin in 20% and 40%- tinctures were measured and as a result, the amount of tannin in 20% -tinctures and decoction is about the same, while this amount in 40%-tinctures is 1.9 times less than that in 20%- tinctures. `References 1. “монгол улсûн үндэсний фармакопей” анхдугаар хэвлэл уБ 2011 он 2. Биндэрьяа.м., мөнхчулуун. м., гарамжав.а., “Эмийн ургамлаас биологийн идэвхт бодис ялгах аргачлал” “шидэт өнгө” ххК х/х 26. уБ 2011он. 3. сансархуяг. Э., “Бөөр хамгаалах үйлдэлтэй ургамлуудûн фитохимийн судалгаа” эмзүйн ухаанû магистрийн зэрэг горилсон нэг сэдэвт бүтээл уБ 2011 он 4. сосорбурам.Б, нарангэрэл.Б, болон бусад “алирснû навч, тэхийн шээг, хуурмаг булчирхайт ортууз, ургамлуудûн фармакологийн судалгаанû дүнгээс” “Эрдмийн бичиг 2012” Эрдэм шинжилгээний хурлûн эмхэтгэл 35-36 р хуудас 5. хос шивүүрт улаагана монгол улсûн стандарт MNS 4166:1993 ладûгина Е.а., сафранович л.н., отряшенкова в.Э., и др “химический анализ лекарственних растений” издательство “вûсшая школа” москва 1983
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Introduction: The Vaccinum vitis is widely used in traditional medicine in the treatment of kidney disorders and diuretics, but contemporary medicine practices its decoction more for the treatment of respiratory disease. The study showed that hydroquinone in Vaccinum vitis which is formed by decomposition of arbutin performs antiseptic effects for respiratory system and urinary track. Vaccinum vitis contains 8-12% of arbutin and metilarbutin, flavonoids such as, vaccinin, hydroquenone, quiercetin, isoquircitrin, rutin, abicularin and piperin.[3.4]This study was conducted to get active substances in the form of drugs through extraction of active compounds in the tinction of spirit and other extragents since the decoction of Vaccinum vitis cannot be stored longer.Objectives of the study: To determine biologicallyactive compounds in the decoction and tinctures.Materials and methods used in the study: The study was conducted in the pharmachemistry laboratory at Monos university in April, 2013. In the process of the study, the decoction of vaccinum vitis and 40% and 70%- tinctures were prepared and the quality and quantity of the content, dense, arbutin and tannin were studied in accordance with corresponding standards.The result of the study: The raw materials in proportion of 1:10 were prepared to make decoction in accordance with corresponding technology. Similarly, tinctures were prepared in above mentioned proportion by the method of maceration. The newly created tinctures were from red brown to dark brown in color, with not to strong spirit odor.The aerometer measurement indicated that density of 70% tincture was 0.910 g/ml, and density of 40% tincture was 0.967 g/ml, Light refracture was measured by the refractometer to determine spirit volume. The result showed that in the 70% -tincture there was 1.3670 of light refracture and the spirit amount was 62.88%, while 40%- tincture had 1.3602 light refracture and the spirit amount was 36.4%. When the reaction of identification of tannin and arbutin were experimented we got complete identification reactions of arbutin and tannin.That arbutin’s amount in decoction was 0.110+0.005 and tannins amount was 0.0713±0.0003 in 70% tinctures shows the arbutins amount was 0.284+0.003 and tannins amount was 0.13+0.005 and in 40%-tincture the arbutins was 0.147+0.006 and the tannins was 0.147+0.006.Conclusion1. As a result of the study there are 0.110g of arbutin in the decoction and 0.07g of tannin.2. The tannin’s amount in the tinctures is higher and the quantity of arbutin is higher in the decoction as compared the quantity of arbutin and tannin in the tinctures with the amount that is in the decoction.References1. “монгол улсûн үндэсний фармакопей” анхдугаар хэвлэл уБ 2011 он2. Биндэрьяа.м., мөнхчулуун. м., гарамжав.а., “Эмийн ургамлаас биологийн идэвхт бодис ялгах аргачлал” “шидэт өнгө” ххК х/х 26. уБ 2011он.3. сансархуяг. Э., “Бөөр хамгаалах үйлдэлтэй ургамлуудûн фитохимийн судалгаа” эмзүйн ухаанû магистрийн зэрэг горилсон нэг сэдэвт бүтээл уБ 2011 он4. сосорбурам.Б, нарангэрэл.Б, болон бусад “алирснû навч, тэхийн шээг, хуурмаг булчирхайт ортууз, ургамлуудûн фармакологийн судалгаанû дүнгээс” “Эрдмийн бичиг 2012” Эрдэм шинжилгээний хурлûн эмхэтгэл 35-36 р хуудас5. хос шивүүрт улаагана монгол улсûн стандарт MNS 4166:19936. ладûгина Е.а., сафранович л.н., отряшенкова в.Э., и др “химический анализ лекарственних растений” издательство “вûсшая школа” москва 1983
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Background: The management of women with chronic benign vulvar dermatoses has been one of the most difficult and challenging aspects of women's healthcare for a long time. Aim: Our aim was to compare the ability to approach the specific diagnosis of nonneoplastic and noninfectious vulva diseases, between the new classification system and the old classification system. Methods: One hundred women with chronic vulvar pruritus were included in the study. After detailed examination of the vulva, all visible lesions were biopsied, with normal skin included. All specimens was sent for dermatopathology and examined simultaneously under a binocular microscope by two pathologists. Specific diagnosis if possible and histopathological findings were classified according to both the 1987 and 2006 International Society for the Study of Vulvar Diseases (ISSVD) classifications. The ratios that were able to be approached on the specific diagnosis, with the aid the two classification systems, were compared. Results: Specific clinical diagnosis by both pathological and after using clinicopathological correlation was possible in 69 out of 91 patients (75.8%) according to the 1987 ISSVD classification, and in 81 out of 91 patients (89.0%) according to the ISSVD 2006 classification system. The difference in the clinical diagnosis ratios between the two classification systems was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). In a subgroup of women without specific diagnosis at the time of pathological examination, clinical diagnosis was made in 28 out of 50 women (56%) after using the clinicopathological correlation according to the ISSVD 1987 classification, whereas, specific diagnosis was made in 39 out of 49 (79.6%) women after using the clinicopathological correlation according to the ISSVD 2006 classification. The difference was statistically significant in terms of the ratio of the ability to achieve a specific diagnosis ( P < 0.01). Conclusion: ISSVD 2006 classification of nonneoplastic and noninfectious vulvar disease is more useful than the former classification, in terms of approaching the specific diagnosis of vulvar dermatoses.
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Objective To enhance the students’ performance ability in the massage, acupuncture and moxibustion teaching and objectify the operation practice. Methods To utilize the miniature sensing technology,collect the various physical signals,quantify the technique parameter after computer information processing. Results Students’practice of massage,acupuncture and moxibustion can be visualized to meet the requirement of teaching experiment in massage, acupuncture and moxibustion,which shows that this research can innovatively solve the problem of the deficiency of quantity index in the teaching of massage and acupuncture.
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This article explains in detail the experiment of the education transformation of acupuncture and Moxibastionscience, which is based on the use of internet resources, and the assessment method of education results. The article alsostresses the importance of using the above method to enhance education reformation in the universities of the traditionalChinese medicine, to change the education mode and to improve the education quality.[
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With the availality of new nucleotides (acid) analogues,the experience of anti-virus treatment has been continuously enriched.However,the problem of drug resistance becomes increasingly significant and the concern of individualized strategies,duration and endpoints of therapy as well as drug-resistance prevention for nucleoside (acid) analogues treatment has become a hot issue.Thus,the European Association for the Study of the Liver updated their guideline on diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis B based on the principles of evidence-based medicine,so as to make it more flexible and practical.We briefly review and compare the updated content of this new guideline,and make analysis combined with the clinical practice,so as to promote the standardization of diagnosis and treatment of chronic hepatitis B.