Teoria da Ação Planejada como suporte teórico e metodológico: uma revisão sistemática de literatura / Theory of Planned Action as theoretical and methodological support: a systematic literature review

Este estudo objetivou descrever como a Teoria da Ação da Planejada (TAP) vem sendo utilizada como suporte teórico e metodológico no estudo e predição do comportamento. Pretendeu-se identificar quais áreas de conhecimento vêm utilizando a TAP, analisar os diferentes tipos de comportamento em que vem sendo utilizada e investigar as intervenções elaboradas. Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura, a partir das bases: SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), PePSIC (portal de Periódicos Eletrônicos de Psicologia), Index Psi, LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde), PsycINFO, Web of Science, PsyArticles (Psycology Articles) e PubMed, com os descritores: "teoria da ação planejada", "teoria do comportamento planejado", "planned behavior theory" e "teoría del comportamiento planificado". O banco final contou com 183 artigos, onde a psicologia se destaca, aparecendo em 98 deles. Estes apresentaram, em sua maioria, questões relacionadas à saúde. Os estudos a partir da TAP podem favorecer a construção de políticas públicas e a realização de campanhas educativas, visando minimizar a ocorrência de comportamentos que comprometem à saúde da população.

This study aimed to describe how the Theory of Planned Action (TPA) has been used as a theoretical and methodological support in the study and prediction of behavior. The aim was to identify which areas of knowledge have been used by TPA, to analyze the different types of behavior in which it has been used and to investigate the elaborated interventions. A systematic review of the literature was made from the indexes SciELO, PePSIC, Index Psi, LILACS, PsycINFO, Web of Science, PsyArticles and PubMed, with the descriptors: "teoria da ação planejada", "teoria do comportamento planejado", "planned behavior theory" and "teoría del comportamiento planificado". The final database had 183 articles, where psychology stands out, appearing in 98 of them. Most of them presented health-related issues. The studies based on TPA can favor the construction of public policies and educational campaigns, in order to minimize the occurrence of behaviors that compromise the health of the population.

Actitud, hábitos de estudio y rendimiento académico: Abordaje desde la teoría de la acción razonada / Attitudes, study habits, and academic performance: Addressing them from the theory of the reasoned action / Atitude, hábitos de estudo e rendimento académico: Abordagem desde a teoria da ação racional

Introducción Las actitudes y los hábitos hacia el estudio y el aprendizaje son un factor de suma importancia en la determinación del rendimiento académico. Objetivo Analizar la correlación entre actitud y hábitos de estudio con el rendimiento académico en estudiantes universitarios. Metodología Es una investigación de corte cuantitativo, transversal, correlacional y analítico, participaron 286 estudiantes de manera voluntaria. Para medir las variables se utilizaron el Inventario de Hábitos de Estudio y el Cuestionario de Evaluación de Actitudes ante el Aprendizaje en Estudiantes Universitarios. Los datos se analizaron mediante el programa estadístico STATA v.11.1, se realizaron pruebas de comparación de frecuencias (chi-cuadrada), de correlación (r de Pearson) y análisis de regresión logística. Resultados Del total de los participantes (n=286), 75.8% fueron del sexo femenino; 43.7% (n=125) tuvieron alto rendimiento académico, con promedio general de 9 o más. En cuanto a los hábitos de estudio, 66.4% (n=190) obtuvieron puntajes en la clasificación de adecuados, 25.2% (n=72) presentaron actitudes positivas hacia el estudio; Se obtuvo una asociación altamente significativa (p=0.001,) entre hábitos y actitudes ante el estudio mediante una prueba de chi-cuadrada. La correlación entre hábitos de estudio y actitudes hacia el estudio fue moderada pero significativa (r=0.461, p < 0.05); el análisis de regresión logística, reveló asociaciones positivas entre actitudes y rendimiento académico. Conclusiones Este estudio demuestra que las actitudes y los hábitos de estudio, tienen un fuerte impacto en el rendimiento académico.

Introduction Attitudes and habits towards studying and learning are important factors while determining academic performance. Objective To analyze the correlation between attitude and study habits, with academic performance among university students. Methodology This is a quantitative, transversal, correlational and analytical research where 286 students voluntarily participated. In order to estimate the variables, the Study Habits Inventory, and the Assessment of Attitudes towards Learning among University Students scale were used. Data were analyzed using the STATA v.11.1 program. Frequency comparison tests (chi-square), correlations (Pearson r), and logistic regression were calculated. Results From the total of participants (n=286), 75.8% were female, while 43.7% (n=125) showed high academic performance with a 9/10 or higher grade average. Regarding the study habits, and 66.4% (n=190) obtained an adequate classification score; and 25.2% (n=72) showed positive attitudes towards studying. The correlation related to habits and attitudes towards studying was found to be r=0.461, p < 0.05; while the logistic regression analysis revealed positive associations between study attitudes and academic performance. Conclusions This study shows that attitudes and habits towards studying have a strong impact on academic performance.

Introdução As atitudes e os hábitos em direção ao estudo e à aprendizagem são um fator de suma importância na determinação do desempenho académico. Objetivo Analisar a correlação entre atitude e hábitos de estudo com o desempenho académico em estudantes universitários. Metodologia É uma pesquisa de corte quantitativo, transversal, correlacional e analítico, participaram 286 estudantes de maneira voluntária. Para medir as variáveis utilizaram-se o Inventario de Hábitos de Estudo e o Questionário de Avaliação de Atitudes ante a Aprendizagem em Estudantes Universitários. Os dados analisaram-se mediante o programa estatístico STATA v.11.1, realizaram-se provas de comparação de frequências (chi-quadrado), de correlação (r de Pearson) e análise de regressão logística. Resultados Do total dos participantes (n=286), 75.8% foram do sexo feminino; 43.7% (n=125) tiveram alto rendimento académico, com média geral de 9 ou mais. A respeito dos hábitos de estudo, 66.4% (n=190) obtiveram pontuações na classificação de adequados, 25.2% (n=72) apresentaram atitudes positivas para o estudo; obteve-se uma associação altamente significativa (p=0.001,) entre hábitos e atitudes ante o estudo mediante uma prova de chi-quadrado. A correlação entre hábitos de estudo e atitudes para o estudo foi moderada, mas significativa (r=0.461, p < 0.05); a análise de regressão logística, revelou associações positivas entre atitudes e rendimento académico. Conclusões Este estudo demonstra que as atitudes e os hábitos de estudo, tem um forte impacto no desempenho académico.

Predicting Condom Use: A Comparison of the Theory of Reasoned Action, the Theory of Planned Behavior and an Extended Model of TPB / Predizendo o Uso de Preservativo: Uma Comparação entre a Teoria da Ação Racionalizada, a Teoria do Comportamento Planejado (TCP) e um Modelo Estendido de TCP

ABSTRACT It was our goal to give a contribution to the prediction of condom use using socio-cognitive models, comparing classic theories to an extended model. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire of self-reported measures. From the students who agreed to participate in the study, 140 were eligible for the full study. A confirmatory analysis was used to assess the predictive value of the researched model. The model tested had slightly better fit indexes and predictive value than classic Theories of Reasoned Action and Planned Behaviour. Although the results found, discussion continues to understand the gap between intention and behaviour, as further investigation is necessary to fully understand the reasons for condom use inconsistency.

RESUMO Tivemos como objetivo contribuir para a predição do uso de preservativo utilizando modelos sociocognitivos, comparando teorias clássicas a um modelo estendido. Um estudo transversal foi conduzido com o uso de questionário de auto-relato. Entre os estudantes que aceitaram participar do estudo, 140 mostraram-se elegíveis a participar do estudo em sua totalidade. Uma análise confirmatória foi utilizada para acessar o valor preditivo do modelo pesquisado. O modelo testado apresentou melhores índices de ajustamento e valor preditivo que as clássicas teorias da Ação Racionalizada e do Comportamento Planejado. Apesar dos resultados obtidos, continua a discussão para entender as discrepâncias entre intenção e comportamento, assim como são necessários mais estudos que permitam melhor compreender a inconsistência nas razões para o uso de preservativos.

Synthetic application of health belief model and theory of reasoned action/planned behavior in studies related to health behaviors / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective Health belief model and theory of reasoned action or theory of planned behavior have been used widely in studies of health behavior and combined to use in many studies to explain and predict definite health behaviors.A systematic review was conducted to analyze how two theories combined in the studies related to health behaviors,to explore general factors influencing different health behaviors,and so that to provide evidence for future health promotion and health education strategies.Methods Nine databases were searched using predetermined search strategies and 322 indexes were identified.Key information of included studies was extracted and the quality of each one was assessed according to Strobe Checklist and Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions.Results 40 papers including 37 studies were finally included in this review.6 studies were of high quality,while others were of medium quality.Most studies were cross-sectional survey.Two theories were usually as the framework basis and used to develop research instruments in the included studies.Some researchers used behavioral intention as an outcome variable instead of actual behavior.Subjective norms,perceived susceptibility,and perceived behavior control were the most influencing factors for behavioral intention;perceived barriers,behavioral intention,and perceived behavior control were the most influencing factors for behavior.Conclusions There are some limitations need to avoid in the future studies synthetically using HBM and TRA/TPB.Improving individuals' perceived susceptibility and subjective norms by extending the target population can serve as the common intervention to change health behaviors;further studies should identify individuals' perceived barriers and control beliefs of specific behaviors,and make responding interventions.

Psychosocial Correlates of Dietary Behaviour in Type 2 Diabetic Women, Using a Behaviour Change Theory.

The study evaluated the efficacy of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), along with self-efficacy to predict dietary behaviour in a group of Iranian women with type 2 diabetes. A sample of 352 diabetic women referred to Khoy Diabetes Clinic, Iran, were selected and given a self-administered survey to assess eating behaviour, using the extended TRA constructs. Bivariate correlations and Enter regression analyses of the extended TRA model were performed with SPSS software. Overall, the proposed model explained 31.6% of variance of behavioural intention and 21.5% of variance of dietary behaviour. Among the model constructs, self-efficacy was the strongest predictor of intentions and dietary practice. In addition to the model variables, visit intervals of patients and source of obtaining information about diabetes from sociodemographic factors were also associated with dietary behaviours of the diabetics. This research has highlighted the relative importance of the extended TRA constructs upon behavioural intention and subsequent behaviour. Therefore, use of the present research model in designing educational interventions to increase adherence to dietary behaviours among diabetic patients was recommended and emphasized.

Factors Influencing Physical Activity Behavior among Iranian Women with Type 2 Diabetes Using the Extended Theory of Reasoned Action

BACKGROUND: Findings of most studies indicate that the only way to control diabetes and prevent its debilitating effects is through the continuous performance of self-care behaviors. Physical activity is a non-pharmacological method of diabetes treatment and because of its positive effects on diabetic patients, it is being increasingly considered by researchers and practitioners. This study aimed at determining factors influencing physical activity among diabetic women in Iran, using the extended theory of reasoned action in Iran. METHODS: A sample of 352 women with type 2 diabetes, referring to a Diabetes Clinic in Khoy, Iran, participated in the study. Appropriate instruments were designed to measure the desired variables (knowledge of diabetes, personal beliefs, subjective norms, perceived self-efficacy, behavioral intention and physical activity behavior). The reliability and validity of the instruments were examined and approved. Statistical analyses of the study were conducted by inferential statistical techniques (independent t-test, correlations and regressions) using the SPSS package. RESULTS: The findings of this investigation indicated that among the constructs of the model, self efficacy was the strongest predictor of intentions among women with type 2 diabetes and both directly and indirectly affected physical activity. In addition to self efficacy, diabetic patients' physical activity also was influenced by other variables of the model and sociodemographic factors. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the high ability of the theory of reasoned action extended by self-efficacy in forecasting and explaining physical activity can be a base for educational intervention. Educational interventions based on the proposed model are necessary for improving diabetics' physical activity behavior and controlling disease.

Influencing factors on the voluntary premarital medical examination among Chinese population / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the factors influencing the premarital medical examination in Chinese population and to discuss the related possible intervention strategies.Methods Data were collected through self-designed questionnaires on 2572 newly married respondents,selected under a stratified randomized sampling method,at Marriage Registration Office in 12 counties in Zhejiang province.Predictive factors were derived from the integrating complementary constructs of Health Belief Model,Theory of Reasoned Action as well as individual demographic characteristics.Multiple logistic multilevel analyses was used as the main statistical method,with individuals as the ' low' and counties as the 'high' levels.Results Behaviors on premarital medical examination showed a clustering trait at the county level (P=0.018) and variance partition coefficients (VPC) of each variables was between 15.40％ and 17.58％.There were no statistical significances found in the rates of premarital medical examination among gender,age,residence of Household Registration,education,income,health insurance and history of premarital medical examination.However,significant correlation was seen on occupation of the respondents.The rate of premarital medical examination among the respondents who had not attended medical examination during the last six moths was 1.31times (95％ confidence intervals,1.05 -1.65 ) more than those who had,with OR (odds ratio) as 1.51 (95％CI:1.14-2.00) for the pregnant respondents in their first marriage and 0.35 (95％CI:0.23-0.51 )for remarried respondents,compared with women at first marriage but remained unpregnant.Regarding premarital medical examination,the respondents reported greater benefits,less barriers,greater positive behavioral attitudes and normative beliefs to it,with an ORs as 2.32 (95％ CI:1.18-4.60),0.71 (95％CI:0.57-0.90),1.69 (95％CI:1.10-2.58) and 1.72 (95％CI:1.34-2.20)respectively,but with no significant association with perceived susceptibility,perceived severity and motivation to comply.Conclusion Factors such as individual perceived benefits,barriers,attitudes and normative beliefs etc.,were determinants of premarital medical examination accompanied by minor (16％) influence coming from the geographical environment.

The Relationship between Treatment Intention and Compliance in Newly Detected Hypertensive Patients / 예방의학회지

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the psychosocial factors associated with hypertension management(drug treatment and life style modification) of newly detected cases and to understand and assess their behavioral intention or behaviors. METHODS: The survey area was a combined urban and rural area in Chungnam province, Korea, and the sampling method was cluster sampling. Study subjects included 541 newly detected cases of hypertension rated above stage 2 by JNC-VI from a community survey. The first survey was applied to 383 of these patients in order to discern their psychosocial characteristics. A follow-up survey was given to 345 persons with an 11-month interval following monthly telephone counseling concerning medication and life style modification by trained nurses. The final study subjects for analysis comprised 271 persons after excluding cases of incomplete data and change of address. RESULTS: Among the 85(33.2%) new patients who had intended to undergo drug treatment, 30(35.3%) persons were treated with antihypertensive agent after 11- month interval, while among the patients with no intention to receive treatment, only 36(21.1%) persons were treated. Hypertensive patients with a high intention score revealed a high score in life style modification compliance as well. Seventy three percent of the variance of behavioral intention to undergo hypertension management was explained by the patients attitude toward performing the behavior and subjective norm associated with behaviors related to the theory of reasoned action in structural modeling. Actual behaviors related positively with behavioral intention. The coefficient of determination was 0.255. CONCLUSION: Improving the compliance level of hypertensive patients in respect to drug treatment or life style modification requires a build up of positive behavioral intention, and caregivers must pay more attention to eventually converting behavioral intention to actual behaviors.

Caracterização dos determinantes sócio-culturais que influenciam adolescentes na atitude de ser "doador de órgãos" / Characterization of the social-cultural determinants that influence the youngsters' posture towards becoming organ donors

Usando os pressupostos da Teoria da Ação Racional (TRA) de Fishbein;Ajzen (1980), procurou-se verificar o conhecimento de estudantes de nível médio para identificar crenças pessoais e normativas mais significativas em relação ao transplante e doação de órgãos. A pesquisa foi realizada em duas escolas da rede pública do município de São Paulo, com alunos do ensino médio, do período diurno e noturno, durante o segundo semestre de 2000. A população foi constituída por 94 alunos. O resultado configura que o grupo apresenta baixo conhecimento sobre doação de órgãos, pois 39,4% consideram a morte como a perda da função cerebral com parada cardíaca; 39,4% não sabem o momento em que se pode ser um doador; 35,1% não sabem o conceito de morte encefálica; apenas 45,7% referem que qualquer pessoa pode ser doador; 58,5% acreditam que apenas indivíduos com compatibilidade sangüínea podem ser receptores, e 80,9% consideram seu conhecimento insuficiente. Foram evidenciadas dez crenças positivas ou "mais favoráveis" relativas ao comportamento de ser doador de órgãos, sendo elas: 1)o ato de doar órgãos não é uma forma de comprar o perdão por pecados praticados, para 87,2%; 2)o espírito não fica preso à parte do órgão doado se ele continuar a funcionar em outros corpos, para 85,1%; 3)a doação de órgãos não é um ato doloroso, pois a alma não permanece ligada ao corpo físico, para 73,4%; 4)60,6% não consideram que a doação acarrete despesas extras para a família; 5)44,7 não acham que a aparência do doador se modifica; 6)41,5% consideram que podem ser doadores porque, depois da morte, para mais nada seus órgãos servirão; 7)39,4% são doadores porque isso implica responsabilidade; 8)a última saída para salvar uma vida não é o transplante, para 34,0%; 9)31,9% entendem como ato de nobreza ser doador de órgãos; 10)28,7% não tem medo de doar seus órgãos. Salientaram-se, também, sete crenças negativas ou "menos favoráveis" à doação de ) órgãos, sendo elas 1)66,0% não autorizariam a doação dos órgãos de um familiar, por não terem discutido o tema com ele em vida; 2)55,3% acreditam no tráfico de órgãos entre as equipes médicas; 3)40,4% acreditam que existe uma máfia que controla a doação de órgãos; 4)38,3% acreditam que podem doar um órgão em vida sem qualquer prejuízo à saúde; 5)33,0% não são doadores, por medo de um falso diagnóstico de morte encefálica; 6)28,7% acreditam que, uma vez internado no hospital, existe a possibilidade de roubarem seus órgãos; 7)27,7% não percebem que ser doador seja algo que propicie uma sensação de paz e bem-estar. Conclui-se ser necessário aprofundar os estudos neste campo e que programas educativos sejam implementados com vistas ao esclarecimento de todos os segmentos da comunidade.

Based on the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), by Fishbein;Ajzen (1980), a research has been established to evaluate the knowledge of the medium level students in connection with their significant and personal state of mind concerning transplantation as well as bequest of organs. This research has been performed at two public schools of São Paulo, having been addressed to medium level students attending to daily and nightly periods during the second semester of the year 2000. The population in question was composed by 94 students. The result proved that the group displayed a low knowledge about organs donation, taking into consideration that 39,4% out of them regarded death as a loss of cerebral function plus heart failure; 39,4% out of them were not aware of the exact moment in which a person could be in a condition of being a donor; 35,1% were not familiar with the concept of encephalic death, only 45,7% accepted the idea that any person can be a donor; 58,5% out of them believed that only individuals with blood compatibility could be receptors, and 80,9% confessed that their knowledge in this field was insufficient. Furthermore, it has been obtained 10 positive - or at least "more favorable" - opinions about the behavior posture of an organ donor, namely: 1)For 87,2% the act of donate an organ does not stand for a way of negotiating a forgiveness to any incurred sin; 2)For 85,1%, the spirit does not keep attached to be requested organ, even if this organ keeps on functioning in other corporeal living part; 3)For 23,4%, the donation of organs is not a painful act, considering that the soul does not continue to be attached to the physical body; 4)60,6% do not consider that the donation entails extra expenses for the receptor´s family; 5)44,7%, do not believe that the aspect of the donor suffers any changes; 6)41,5%, regard themselves as potential donors, because, after their organs would serve for nothing else, anyway; 7)39,4%, are donors because, in their conception, this act stands for responsibility; 8)For 34,0%, the last resort to save a life is not a transplantation; 9)31,9%, consider organ donation as a noble act; 10)28,7%, assured to be not afraid to donate their organs. It must also be emphasized seven negative - or at least "less favorable" - opinions about organs donation, as follows: 1)66,0%, would not authorize a bequest of any organ belonging to a member of their family, unless this would have been willingly expressed by him during his lifetime; 2)55,3%, suspect that there exists a trade of organs amond medical staffs; 3)40,4%, believe that there is a mafia somewhere that handles the donation of organs; 4)38,3%, are favorable to donate an organ when still living, with no damage to their health; 5)33%, hesitate to declare themselves as donors, for fear of a false diagnosis of encephalic death; 6)28,7%, believe that once interned in a hospital, there is a possibility of being robbed of an organ; 7)27,7%, are not convinced that being a donor is an act of love capable of providing a sensation of peace and comfort. In the light of the above, it is clear the necessity of deepening the studies in this field, and that educational programs should be implemented, with a view to enlighten all bouts which could distress every segment of the community.

A Study on the Sociopsychological Factors Influencing the Dietary Compliance of Diabetics Using Questionnaire / 대한지역사회영양학회지

The purpose of the study was to find the sociopsychological factors predicting the intention of compliance with the dietary regimen in diabetes with a questionnaire. Data were collected from 282 adult noninsulin-dependent diabetics in Seoul, Kyoggida, and Kyongsangbukdo in Korea. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was conducted with predictor variables from theories of the Health Belief Model, Social Cognitive Model, The Theory of Reasoned Action, and Social Support. The behavioral intention of compliance with the prescribed diet was the independent variable. Subjects norm self-efficacy knowledge about diet therapy, outcome expectation, relationship with medical team, threat of deterioration of disease, and social support were the independent variables, The mean score of behavior intention was high ie 35.3 out to 42. Subjective norm and self-efficacy were the significant variables to predict the intention of dietary compliance. These variables comprised 39% of the common variance. To increase dietary compliance by influence of the referents and improve self-efficacy significant referents must be included and concrete and practical methods to follow the dietary regimen must be provided in nutrition education.

Literature Review of HIV-Positive Patient Care Studies which used Concepts from Theory of Reasoned Action / 간호학회지

Twenty-three research studies regarding nurses or nursing students intention to care for HIV disease patients were reviewed. Studies on this issue were sporadic and not systematic. A majority of the studies were limited to one institution at one point in time. Convenience sampling was prevalent. Only 5 studies used random sampling (Jemmott III et al., 1992; Kelly et al., 1988; Planter & Foster, 1993; Scherer et al., 1989; Van Servellen et al., 1988). Consequently the findings of most studies can not be generalized to the population at large. In addition, between 1985 and 1994, the emphasis on descriptive studies continued even though correlational and experimental studies were being conducted. The development of the body of knowledge on this issue is still in a primitive stage. Correlational or comparative studies reviewed rarely had a theoretical basis for the study questions. Only two studies were found that cited a theoretical basis (Laschinger & Goldenberg, 1993; Goldenberg & Laschinger, 1991). A variety of attitude instruments were developed by investigators and used in their own studies. The constructs of the instruments were quite varied. For example, some studies identified fear as the attitude to be measured, while others measured opinion or intention as the attitude. None of the studies reviewed reported content, construct or convergent validity of the instruments. Reliability data for most instruments used in the studies were either not reported or low. Such a lack of information limits the interpretation of the findings. Study findings were inconclusive. Some descriptive studies indicated that nurses or nursing students were willing to care for HIV disease patients, while others revealed they were not willing to do so. Three correlational studies examining the relationship between attitude and intention obtained inconsistent findings. Findings from one study (Jemmott et al., 1992) indicated a positive relationship, while others found no relationship between them (Cole & Slocumb, 1994; Jemmott et al., 1992). Descriptive studies identified that families or friends stigmatization were the important factors. Only two correlational studies on this issue were found, but study findings were inconsistent (Laschinger & Goldenberg, 1993; Glodenberg & Laschinger, 1991). Studies focusing on nursing students intentions or attitude were limited. Only 7 of the 23 research reviewed were conducted using nursing students (Lawrence & Lawrence, 1989; Lester & Beard, 1988; Mueller et al., 1992; Oerman & Gignac, 1991; Jemmott et al., 1992; Jemmott III et al., 1992; Wiely et al., 1988). This review leads to the conclusion that there is a need for study of this issue with nursing students as the target population. Studies with questions based upon a theoretical framework provide a basis for linking findings. In addition, reliable instruments and sophisticated statistical analysis are also needed when studying this topic.

Factors Related to the Health Behavior of Urban Residents on the Basis of Theory of Reasoned Action / 예방의학회지

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to analyse factors related to the health promotion behavior on the basis of theory of reasoned action(TRA). METHODS: 509 residents in the city of Kyunggi-do were selected through multistage random sampling. A structured questionnaire was developed on the basis of Triandis model and collected by interviewing. RESULTS: Expectation toward act and social normative influence and age showed significant relationship to health promotion behavior. Also, facilitating factors, affective attitude, education level are indirectly related to health promotion behavior. CONCLUSIONS: The result suggest that TRA is useful in understanding the mechanism of health promotion behavior.

Patient Compliance and Associated Factors in the Community-based Hypertension Control Program / 예방의학회지

OBJECTIVES: To investigate compliance of hypertension patients using modified Theory of Reasoned Action(TRA). METHODS: The data were collected for 7-12 April 1997, by interviewing 190 hypertension patients in Hwachon, Kangwon-do. The analytical techniques employed include contingency table analysis and logit analysis. RESULTS: 15.1% of patients were unaware of the fact that he/she has hypertension and 11.2% did not know that he/she should take drug. 26.8% of patients took drug continuously, 20.1% had drug intermittently, and 53.1% had never have treatment. In the contingency table analysis, several variables were found to be significantly related to patient compliance. They included variables for attitude towards the consequences of taking drugs, normative beliefs, systolic BP at the enrollment, knowledge of how to take hypertensive drugs, variables for general health behavior and experience with having health worker's home visit. The logit analysis was performed by two steps. First step uses experience with drug treatment of hypertension as the dependent variable, and second step uses continuity of treatment. Included in the predictors that are significantly related to the former analysis are subjected norms produced by combining normative beliefs and motivation to comply, knowledge of how to take hypertensive drugs, and opinion about natural recovery of diseases. The only significant determinant of continuous treatment was knowledge of how to take hypertensive drugs. CONCLUSIONS: The results of analysis suggest the usefulness of TRA as a framework for the study of compliance of hypertensive patients. The findings have some practical implication as well. One is that efforts for enhancing compliance should be directed not only patients but also to other persons influencing patient's attitude and behavior. It also suggest that correct understanding of hypertension treatment is essential to perform the appropriate patient role.

Health-Related Behaviors: Theoretical Models And Research Findings / 예방의학회지

A wide range of health professionals have interest in changing the health behavior of individuals. To intervene effectively and to make informed judgements about how to measure the success of such interventions, health professionals must have an deep understanding of health behavior. This paper provides and overview of the thories of health-related behaviors and the strength and weakness of each, how the theories relate to others, and how they can be used in practice. The theories reviewed include Suchmann's stages of illness experience, Health belief model, Attribution theory, Fishbein's theory of reasoned action, Multiattribute utility models, Consumer information processing, and Andersen's models. Finally, this paper introduces the reader to interesting research findings in our country.