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Base editor (BE) is a gene-editing tool developed by combining the CRISPR/Cas system with an individual deaminase, enabling precise single-base substitution in DNA or RNA without generating a DNA double-strand break (DSB) or requiring donor DNA templates in living cells. Base editors offer more precise and secure genome-editing effects than other conventional artificial nuclease systems, such as CRISPR/Cas9, as the DSB induced by Cas9 will cause severe damage to the genome. Thus, base editors have important applications in the field of biomedicine, including gene function investigation, directed protein evolution, genetic lineage tracing, disease modeling, and gene therapy. Since the development of the two main base editors, cytosine base editors (CBEs) and adenine base editors (ABEs), scientists have developed more than 100 optimized base editors with improved editing efficiency, precision, specificity, targeting scope, and capacity to be delivered in vivo, greatly enhancing their application potential in biomedicine. Here, we review the recent development of base editors, summarize their applications in the biomedical field, and discuss future perspectives and challenges for therapeutic applications.
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Humans , Gene Editing , CRISPR-Cas Systems , Genetic Therapy , DNA/geneticsABSTRACT
RESUMEN El Aloe vera estimula la proliferación celular, poseeactividad antibacteriana, antifúngica, antiinflamatoria y cicatrizante, entre otras propiedades. Con el objetivo de describir el uso los productos derivados de esta planta en el tratamiento de la enfermedad periodontal inflamatoria crónica, se realizó una revisión de la bibliografía actualizada relacionada con el tema. Los artículos se identificaron a través de la búsqueda automatizada en las bases de datos Scielo, PubMed y EBSCO, de enero a abril del 2017. Fueron seleccionados 32 materiales, escritos en idioma español e inglés, publicados entre los años 2006 y 2017. Co esta revisión se constató que la actividad biológica de los compuestos bioactivos del gel, son útiles para relacionar el efecto terapéutico del Aloe vera en la enfermedad periodontal (AU).
ABSTRACT Aloe vera stimulates cellular proliferation and has antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and healing activity, among other properties. With the aim of describing the usage of products prepared with this plant in the treatment of the chronic inflammatory periodontal disease, a review of updated bibliography related with the theme was carried out. The articles were found through the automatic search in SciELO, PubMed and EBSCO databases, from January to April 2017. There were chosen 32 items, written in Spanish and English, published in the period 2006-2017. It was stated with the search that the biological activity of the gel bioactive components are useful to relate the Aloe vera therapeutic effect in the periodontal disease (AU).
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Humans , Animals , Periodontal Diseases , Therapeutic Uses , Aloe , Periodontics , Periodontitis , Research , Cuba , Gingivitis , PhytotherapyABSTRACT
Non-invasive therapeutic methods have recently been used in medical sciences. Enzymes have shown high activity at very low concentrations in laboratories and pharmaceutical, enabling them to play crucial roles in different biological phenomena related to living organism, especially human medicine. Recently, using the therapeutic methods based on non-invasive approaches has been emphasized in medical society. Researchers have focused on producing medicines and tools reducing invasive procedures in medical. Collagenases are proteins which catalyze chemical processes and break the peptide bonds in collagen. Collagen may be generated more than the required amount or produced in unsuitable sites or may not degrade after a certain time. In such cases, using an injectable collagenase or its ointment can be helpful in collagen degradation. In both in vitro and in vivo tests, it has been revealed that collagenases have several therapeutic properties in wound healing, burns, nipple pain and some diseases including intervertebral disc her-niation, keloid, cellulite, lipoma among others. This review describes the therapeutic application of collagenase in medical sciences and the process for its production using novel methods, paving the way for more effective and safe applications of collagenases.
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Objective To compare the clinical effects and safety of two kinds of adjuvant chemotherapy in treatment of patients with colon cancer with Ⅱ-Ⅲ stage after radical resection including 5 -FU/CF scheme and FOLFOX4 scheme.Methods 110 patients with colon cancer with Ⅱ-Ⅲ stage after radical resection were chosen from July 2010 to July 2013 in our hospital and were randomly divided into two groups.A group (55 patients) was given 5-FU/CF scheme and B group (55 patients) received FOLFOX4 scheme.The recurrence and metastasis rate with follow-up,survival time and drug side effects incidence were compared between the two groups.Results The recurrence and metastasis rates with follow-up of B group(18.18%,25.45%) were significantly better than A group (34.55%,63.64%)(χ2 =9.12,8.74,all P0.05).Conclusion Compared with 5-FU/CF scheme,FOLFOX4 scheme in treatment of patients with colon cancer withⅡ-Ⅲstage after radical resection can efficiently reduce the risk of recurrence and metastasis,prolong the survival time and not increase the risk and extent of drug adverse effects.
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Non-invasive therapeutic methods have recently been used in medical sciences. Enzymes have shown high activity at very low concentrations in laboratories and pharmaceutical, enabling them to play crucial roles in different biological phenomena related to living organism, especially human medicine. Recently, using the therapeutic methods based on non-invasive approaches has been emphasized in medical society. Researchers have focused on producing medicines and tools reducing invasive procedures in medical. Collagenases are proteins which catalyze chemical processes and break the peptide bonds in collagen. Collagen may be generated more than the required amount or produced in unsuitable sites or may not degrade after a certain time. In such cases, using an injectable collagenase or its ointment can be helpful in collagen degradation. In both in vitro and in vivo tests, it has been revealed that collagenases have several therapeutic properties in wound healing, burns, nipple pain and some diseases including intervertebral disc herniation, keloid, cellulite, lipoma among others. This review describes the therapeutic application of collagenase in medical sciences and the process for its production using novel methods, paving the way for more effective and safe applications of collagenases.
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MicroRNAs are key regulators of various fundamental biological processes and, although representing only a small portion of the genome, they regulate a much larger population of target genes. Mature microRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded RNA molecules of 20-23 nucleotide (nt) length that control gene expression in many cellular processes. These molecules typically reduce the stability of mRNAs, including those of genes that mediate processes in tumorigenesis, such as inflammation, cell cycle regulation, stress response, differentiation, apoptosis and invasion. MicroRNA targeting is mostly achieved through specific base-pairing interactions between the 5' end ('seed' region) of the miRNA and sites within coding and untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNAs; target sites in the 3' UTR diminish mRNA stability. Since miRNAs frequently target hundreds of mRNAs, miRNA regulatory pathways are complex. Calin and Croce were the first to demonstrate a connection between microRNAs and increased risk of developing cancer, and meanwhile the role of microRNAs in carcinogenesis has definitively been evidenced. It needs to be considered that the complex mechanism of gene regulation by microRNAs is profoundly influenced by variation in gene sequence (polymorphisms) of the target sites. Thus, individual variability could cause patients to present differential risks regarding several diseases. Aiming to provide a critical overview of miRNA dysregulation in cancer, this article reviews the growing number of studies that have shown the importance of these small molecules and how these microRNAs can affect or be affected by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms.
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Epigenomics , Genetics , MicroRNAs , Neoplasms , Pharmaceutical PreparationsABSTRACT
Keratinocyte growth factor 2 (KGF-2) is a member of the FGF family that is mainly synthesized by mesenchymal cells and acta predominantly on epithelial cells in a paracrine manner. It is known to play an important role in fetal limb and lung development; skin wound healing and prostatic epithelial cell growth. The KGF-2 coding sequence were isolated from human kidney cDNA library, revealing that the Kgf-2 gene is also expressed in the kidney apparatus. Purified from prokaryotic E. coli cells, the effects of the recombinant KGF-2 protein in cultured keratinocyte were analyzed by using MTT assay and in situ TUNEL assay. Interestingly, results revealed that KGF-2 promoted keratinocyte cell growth by stimulating cell proliferation and attenuating cell apoptosis. These findings supported a few evidences that KGF-2 could contribute to alveolar epithelial cells against apoptosis. Cell migration assays for the first time revealed that KGF-2 could stimulate keratinocyte cell migration in vitro. In addition, in the pilot animal test, recombinant KGF-2 incorporated within the hydrogel dressing exhibited significantly stimulatory effect on cutaneous wound healing. These combined effects implicate a potential therapeutic application of human recombinant KGF-2 in the future.
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Objective This study was to examine the expression of tyrosine kinase receptor(TKRs)C-kit,C-abl and PDGFR?,in ovary carcinoma.Methods The expression of C-kit,C-abl and PDGFR? in tumor tissue of 60 specimens of ovary carcinoma and normal fissue of 20 specimens of overy was examined by immunohistochemistry SP method.Results Immunoreactivity was detected in 79% of the tumor to at least one TKR.The total positive expression rate of C-kit,C-abl and PDGFR? in ovary carcinoma was 58.3%,70%,73.3%,respectively.The positive expression rate of C-kit and PDGFR? is significantly higher in tumor tissues than in normal tissues(P
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Advances in molecular biology contribute to the understanding genetic mechanism of psychiatric disorders. They have renewed hope for the discovery of disease relevant gene. However, the results somewhat confused. And we will wait for a long time for the application of gene therapy in schizophrenia. Fortunately we could classified the schizophrenia with genotypes of dopamine and serotonin receptors. It is expected that this genetic classification could provide key strategy for the therapeutic application in biological treatment for schizophrenia. The purpose of this article is to call attention of the institute participants to linkage. association. mRNA expression. genotypic classification and to the need for more systemic research. The author summarized the modified methods which were done in his laboratory in appendix.
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Appendix , Classification , Dopamine , Genetic Therapy , Genotype , Hope , Molecular Biology , Receptors, Serotonin , RNA, Messenger , SchizophreniaABSTRACT
Group of 41 cases and 26 cases of angina pectoris in CHD were treated with allicin tablet and Xiaoxintong respectively for comparison of their effect and changes in the indices of GMP-140, TXB2, 6-K-PGF1?, NO and hemorrheology were also observed. Results showed that the total effective rate of allicin tablet was 85. 4%, similar to Xiaoxintong. Allicin tablet can markedly lower the level of plasmal GMP - 140, TXB2. but increased the level of NO and substantially improve blood rheology, demonstrating that allicin tablet yield satisfactory effect on angina pectoris in CHD. The possible mechanism might lie on the activation of inhibition of platelets, prevention of thrombosis, dilatation of coronary arteries and peripheral vessels, improvement of hemorrheology.
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By adopting induction - electricity threshold of brain stem, counting of hairy cells in cochlear membrane, and electromicroscopic exam of ultra microscopic sturcture before and after the administration of the drug, it was shown that kidney tonics can protect the hairy cells, effectively resist the increased of hearing threshold caused by gentamycin, demonstrating that such kidney tonics can protect the cochlear structure and function, minimize the oto - toxicity of gentamycin.
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Thirty cases of cerebral hemorrhage were treated by regular therapy plus hemotherapy with ultraviolet radiation as control, with another 30 such cases treated by the same method plus injection of Radix A. Senticosi. Results showed that the marked effect of treatment group was 96. 7% and total effective rate 100%. while that of the control group were 60. 0% and 83. 3% respectively, (P
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Complications in CRF-CAPD were treated by TCM during the past 17 years. Loss of appetite and hypoproteinemia were treated with modified Renshen Yangrong Decoction, for abdominal pain and distention, modified Xiangsha Liujunzi Decoction; for peritonitis, modified Dacaihu Decoction; for diarrhea due to hypofunction of spleen with exuberant dampness, modified Shenling Baizhu Powder; for Yang-deficiency of the Spleen and Kidney, modified Lizhong Decoction plus Sishen Pill; for skin pruritus, Siwu Decoction with additives; for renal -ortheopathy, treated by principles of tonifying the liver - kidney, strengthening the bones and tendons and blood - activating and stasis - relieving; for hyperlipidemia, by principles of tonifying the liver -kidney, phlegm and turbidity - eliminating and blood - activating stasis - relieving; for renalanemia, Guishao Sijunzi Decoction with additives. To improve patient'sliving quality and nutrition, self- formulated Shentekang capsule was given to improve renal function, decrease the frequencies and duration of dialysis, self - formulated Shenshuai Recipe was administered.
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Experimental study was made on Glyke preparationwhich revealed certain effect in 66 cases of AIDS treat-ed in Tanzania.It has been proved that this prepara-tion not only regulates the immunity of the organism,but also possesses anti—viral action,so it is a safe andeffective Chinese traditional remedy for treating AIDS.
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Objective:To study on the law of application of drugs in complex prescriptions of Chinese herbs for treatment of hypertension. Methods:The author read 1 102 papers about treatment of hypertension from 1980 to 2003,collected 1 191 complex prescriptions of Chinese herhs,established Access database of complex prescription of Chinese drugs for treatment of hypertension,and analyzed the law of application of drugs in complex prescription of Chinese herbs for treatment of hypertension by combination of Access, Excel with VB programming based on the database.Results:In the 1 191 complex prescriptions of Chinese herbs,394 herbs were used 11 371 times.Among them,the drugs for reinforcing deficiency,clearing heat,calming the liver to stop the wind,and activating blood stasis and removing blood stasis are main.192 pairs of drugs were used over 50 times,with 21 traditional drug pairs of Chinese medicine,and combination principles of the first 10 pairs with the highest application frequency were analyzed by TCM combination theory.And there were 30 drug groups which were used for over 50 times,and prescription composition principles of the first 10 groups with the highest application times were analyzed by TCM composition theory.Conclusion:Large- scale data process with computer is an effective method for finding the law of application of drugs in Chinese complex prescriptions for treatment of hypertension.
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Objective:To study treatment of complications of laryngopharyngitis induced by gastroesophageal reflex disease(GERD)mainly by Banxia Xiexin Decoction.Methods:The treatment group of 40 cases was treated by Banxia Xiexin Decoction and the control group of 38 cases was treated by Jinsang Liyan Pill.Results:The therapeutic effects for complications of paryngopharyngitis, GERD symptoms,gastroscope grading,and laryngoscope examination in the treatment group were significantly superior to those in the control group(P
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The 34 cases in the treatment group were treated with allicin injection through Murphy drip for a course of 10 days with nitroglycerin group as control. Results demonstrated that the total effective rate for symptoms and ECG were 82% and 62% respectively for the treatment group. It also markedly lowered the level of plasmal endothelin, and that of blood sugar in diabetics'. Adverst effects included local pain at the injection site and headache, the incidence of which were 18% and 6% respectively. This therapy is a satisfactory one for stubborn angina pectors.
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rate being 86. 0% cured rate being 60. 0%, remarked-ly higher .than that of the western medication group.100 cases of such patients were randomly divided into 2 groups, each 50 cases. The treating group was treated with spleen-strengthening and damp-removing recipes and medicaments. The cllinical effective
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24 cases of renal failure induced by chemotherapy were treated with Wuling powder plus additives.Theresult of clinical amelioration was 87.5%.with a to-tal effective yielded marked actions of promoting ap-petite in animals,lowering serum urea nitrogen,cre-atinine,2 microglobulin.It also decreased the inhibi-tion of PDD on the enzyme activity of renal Na~+—K~+ATP.Microscopic exam revealed the pathological le-sion of kidney to be milder in the tested group.
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Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of Chinese medicine combined with small dose of antidepressant on prospermia.Methods:150 cases of prospermia conformed to the diagnostic criteria were divided into 3 groups according to their wishes,50 cases in each group.Group I were treated with Zhibai Gujing Decoction,group Ⅱ with Sertraline hydrochloride,and group Ⅲ with Zhibai Gujing Decoction plus Sertraline hydrochloride,for 4 consecutive weeks.The ejaculatory latency,satisfaction degrees of sexual life,and the adverse effect of the medicine were observed.Results:After treatment,the ejaculatory latency was significantly prolonged and the satisfaction degree of sexual life was significantly increased in the 3 groups(P