Cannabis: from plant condemned by prejudice to one of the greatest therapeutic options of the century / Cannabis: de planta condenada pelo preconceito a uma das grandes opções terapêuticas do século

BACKGROUNG: Cannabis sativa has a fascinating history and has been used by mankind for millennia. Many societies such as Greek, Roman, Chinese, African, Indian and Arabic take advantage of the plant's qualities, which are consumed as food, medicine, fuel, fibers or tobacco. The first reference found related to the therapeutic use of the plant data from 2700 B.C. and is present in the pharmacopoeia of the Chinese Emperor Shen-Nung, where this plant was recommended in the treatment of malaria, rheumatic pain, in irregular and painful menstrual cycles. The book "De Matéria Médica", written by the doctor Pedânio Dioscórides considered thefounder of pharmacology, exposes Cannabis as one of the natural substances that can relieve inflammatory pain. In Brazil, African slaves brought a cannabis during the colonial period, around 1549. Then, its use spread quickly among black slaves and Indians, who started to cultivate it. Once the plant was popularized among French intellectuals and English doctors in the Indian imperial army, it started to be considered in our country as an excellent medicine for men, until it was suppressed by the police authorities in the 1930s. Only 60 years later important findings were highlighted around Cannabis with the System Endocannabinoid and its receptors, neurotransmitters such as anandamide and 2-AG, revolutionizing the understanding of molecular signaling that modulates pain and analgesia, inflammation, appetite, gastrointestinal motility and sleep cycles, immune cell activity and hormones among others.We are in front of a huge revolution in the therapeutic area, in which phytocabinoids represent one of the great therapeutic options of the century. We need a widespread disclosure that CBD is not marijuana and that its use for recreational purpose has nothing to do with the use of medical cannabis. Scientific research is seriously committed to the use of the substance in various pathologies. The role of information is absolute, being the main tool to clarify a society

A cannabis sativa tem uma história fascinante e é utilizada pela humanidade há milênios. Muitas sociedades como a grega, a romana, a chinesa, a africana, indiana e árabe aproveitaram as qualidades da planta, fosse ela consumida como alimento, medicina, combustível, fibras ou fumo. A primeira referência encontrada relativa à utilização terapêutica da planta data de 2700 a.C. e está presente na farmacopeia do Imperador chinês Shen-Nung, onde esta planta era recomendada no tratamento da malária, de dores reumáticas, nos ciclos menstruais irregulares e dolorosos. O livro "De Matéria Médica", escrito pelo médico Pedânio Dioscórides considerado o fundador da farmacologia, traz a Cannabis como uma das substâncias naturais que podem aliviar dores de origem inflamatória. No Brasil, a Cannabis foi trazida por escravos africanos no período colonial, por volta de 1549. Em seguida, o seu uso disseminou-se rapidamente entre os negros escravos e índios, que passaram a cultivá-la. Devido à popularização da planta dentre intelectuais franceses e médicos ingleses do exército imperial da Índia, ela passou a ser considerada em nosso meio como excelente medicamento para muitos males, até ser reprimida pelas autoridades policiais na década de 1930. Descobertas importantes foram destaque no campo da Cannabis somente 60 anos depois com o Sistema Endocanabinoide e seus receptores, neurotransmissores como a anandamida e o 2-AG, revolucionando o entendimento da sinalização molecular que modula dor e analgesia, inflamação, apetite, motilidade gastrointestinal e ciclos de sono, atividade de células imunes, hormônios e muito mais. Estamos diante de uma enorme revolução na área terapêutica em que os fitocanabinoides representam uma das grandes opções terapêuticas do século. Precisamos de uma divulgação ampla de que o CBD não é maconha e que o uso recreativo da maconha nada tem a ver com o uso da Cannabis medicinal, que as pesquisas científicas estão seriamente empenhadas em estabelecer a eficácia da substância em várias patologias. O papel da informação é absoluto e se constitui na principal ferramenta para esclarecer a sociedade.

Vascular Anomaly: An Updated Review / 임상소아혈액종양

Vascular anomalies comprise a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by abnormal growth or development of blood vessels. Diagnosis of vascular anomalies is often challenging due to the large variety of conditions, which exhibit phenotypic heterogeneity and a wide range of symptomology and severity. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for appropriate evaluation and management, often requiring multidisciplinary specialists. Recent interdisciplinary collaboration has led to collaborative studies and their outcomes are being prospectively evaluated. While there is still a role for surgical intervention in various vascular anomalies, discoveries of pharmacologic agents effective in treating vascular anomalies have broadened our medical therapeutic options. This paper focuses on vascular anomaly issues often seen by the pediatricians and reviews the clinical pearls on infantile hemangiomas, lymphatic malformations, venous malformations, and arteriovenous malformations.

Plantas medicinais como opção terapêutica em comunidade de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brasil / Medicinal plants as a therapeutic option in the community Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Este trabalho objetivou identificar a importância de plantas medicinais como primeira linha de ação para enfermidades em população residente no território da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) de Montes Claros/MG, Brasil. A pesquisa foi transversal e descritiva, realizada em 2010, sendo a coleta de dados obtida por questionário semi-estruturado. O cálculo amostral do cenário do estudo embasou-se no número de famílias da ESF. O tratamento estatístico considerou o nível de significância p<0,05. Para cada família (N=253) foi entrevistada uma pessoa. Dos entrevistados, 75,5 % utilizam plantas medicinais; sem associação com renda, cor de pele, escolaridade e sexo (p>0,05). Quase a metade dos entrevistados (45,1 %) informou que utiliza mais de uma planta por vez. No caso de doença, após consulta e prescrição médica, uma parcela importante dos usuários de plantas (48,7 %) usa apenas o medicamento alopático. Concluiu-se que a utilização de plantas medicinais como recurso terapêutico independe de escolaridade e renda familiar, sugerindo incorporação cultural da prática integrativa na comunidade nortemineira estudada.

This study aimed to identify the importance of medicinal plants as a first line of action when treating diseases in populations residing in the territory of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in Montes Claros,/state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.tThis is a cross-sectional descriptive research. Data collection took place by means of a semi-structured questionnaire in 2010. The sample size calculation was based on the number of families in the FHS study setting. For statistical analysis, the significance level considered was p <0.05. One personofrom each family (253) was interviewed. Of the respondents, regardless of income, skin color, education and sex, 75.5 % stated they use medicinal plants (p> 0.05). Almost half of respondents (45.1 %) reported the use of more than one plant at a time. In the event of illness, 42.3 % reported to use medicinal plants and visit the doctor. In case of illness, after consultation and prescription, a significant portion of the plant users (48.7 %) uses only allopathic medicine.sWe concluded that the use of medicinal plants as a therapeutic resource is independent of education and income, which suggestg cultural incorporation of the integrative practice in the community studied.

Recently developed therapeutic options for skin disorders

The number of therapeutic options available to dermatologists for skin disorders has grown significantly over the past several years. Incorporating newly developed and recruited therapeutic modalities into the dermatologic field can promote a better overall treatment outcome and patient satisfaction while reducing common side effect. This article focuses to explore the current and new application of various therapeutic options for skin disorders. In particular, some mechanisms of action behind each therapy will be discussed. It is the hope that through this paper, clinicians will feel more comfortable choosing among these treatment options in their everyday practice of dermatology.

Dysregulation of homeostasis and therapeutic option in septic shock / 临床儿科杂志

Septic shock may have a lasting effect on all human endocrinologic, coagulatory and metabolic regulatory circuits with the consequence of severe dysregulation of homoeostasis.Adjunctive therapeutic options like correction of metabolic acidosis, intensive insulin therapy, and modulation of coagulation by drotrecogin alfa (activated) are still controversial.However, these adjunctive therapeutic options should be selected according to the national and international guidelines.

Intracranial Giant Aneurysms / 대한뇌혈관학회지

Intracranial giant aneurysms(GANs), approximately 5% of all intracranial aneurysms, represent a subgroup of diverse intracranial artery aneurysms(ANs) with a maximum sac diameter reaching or exceeding 25 mm. This size has been used arbitrarily to define this clinicopathological entity because smaller lesions have been shown to differ significantly with regard to the rate of rupture, the incidence of presentation with mass effect, and, most importantly, the difficulty of surgical treatment. And GANs also are a unique biological entity. The goals of therapy may include protection from hemorrhage, prevention and treatment of thromboembolic complications and relief of symptomatic mass effect. The treatment of all GANs has benefited from advances in angiography and imaging, endovascular techniques, intraoperative angiography, and collaborative advances in anesthetic technique, brain resuscitation and protection, critical care and rehabilitation. GANs present formidable surgical challenges due to their size, management strategies, brain protection and proximal control. Therefore dynamic and multidisciplinary strategy of therapy is optimally executed by a clinical team dedicated to interaction and collaboration, these clinical team should include diagnostic and interventional neuroradiology expertise and a technical competence geared toward realistic and individualized therapeutic options. The author reviewed the literature for clinical manifestation, diagnostic evaluation, therapeutic stategies including the method of brain protection of GANs.