Coronary thrombo-embolic events after Covid-19 vaccination- a single centre study

Thrombo-embolic complications after Corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19) vaccination have been previously reported. We aimed to study the coronary thrombo-embolic complications (CTE) after COVID-19 vaccination in a single centre during the initial 3 months of vaccination drive in India. All patients admitted to our hospital between 1st March 2021 and 31st May 2021 with Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) were included. Of the 89 patients [Age 55 (47e64)y, 13f] with ACS and angiographic evidence of coronary thrombus, 37 (42%) had prior vaccination history. The timing from last vaccination dose to index event was <1, 1e2, 2e4 and >4 weeks in 9(24%), 4(11%), 15(41%) and 9 (24%) respectively. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/AZD1222 (Covishield) was the most used vaccine- 28 (76%), while 9 (24%) had BBV152 (Covaxin). Baseline characteristics were similar in both vaccinated (VG) and non-vaccinated group (NVG), except for symptom to door time [8.5 (5.75e14) vs 14.5 (7.25e24) hrs, p ¼ 0.003]. Thrombocytopenia was not noted in any of the VG patients, while 2 (3.8%) of NVG patient had thrombocytopenia (p ¼ 0.51). The pre- Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow was significantly lower [1 (0e3) vs2 (1e3), p ¼ 0.03) and thrombus grade were significantly higher [4 (2.5e5) vs 2 (1e3), p ¼ 0.0005] in VG. The in-hospital (2.7% vs 1.9%, p ¼ 1.0) and 30-day mortality were also similar (5.4% vs 5.8%, p ¼ 1.0). This is the first report of CTE after COVID-19 vaccination during the first 3 months of vaccination drive in India. We need further reports to identify the incidence of this rare but serious adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination.

Pulmonary Hypertension Registry of Kerala, India (PRO-KERALA): One-year outcomes

Background: Short term outcomes of patients with pulmonary hypertension are not available from low and middle-income countries including India. Methods: We conducted a prospective study of 2003 patients with pulmonary hypertension, from 50 centres (PROKERALA) in Kerala, who were followed up for one year. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) was mainly diagnosed on the basis of Doppler echocardiography. The primary outcome was a composite endpoint of all-cause death and hospital admission for heart failure. All cause hospitalisation events constituted the secondary outcome. Results: Mean age of study population was 56 ± 16 years. Group 1 and Group 2 PH categories constituted 21.2% and 59% of the study population, respectively. Nearly two-thirds (65%) of the study participants had functional class II symptoms. 31% of Group 1 PH patients were on specific vasodilator drugs.In total, 83 patients (4.1%) died during the one-year follow-up period. Further, 1235 re-hospitalisation events (61.7%) were reported. In the multivariate model, baseline NYHA class III/IV (OR 1.87, 95% C.I. 1.35e2.56), use of calcium channel blockers (OR 0.18, 95% C.I. 0.04e0.77), vasodilator therapy (OR 0.5, 95% C.I. 0.28e0.87) and antiplatelet agents (OR 1.80, 95% C.I. 1.29e2.51) were associated with primary composite outcome at one-year (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In the PROKERALA registry, annual mortality rate was 4%. More than half of the patients reported re-hospitalisation events on follow up. Uptake of guideline directed therapies were suboptima

Effect of neutrophil extracellular traps on ischemic stroke and intervention of traditional Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of death and disability in adults in China. Recent studies have shown that neutrophil extracellular traps play a crucial role in occurrence and development of ischemic stroke. This paper reviewed the literatures on NETs since the discovery of NETs more than a decade ago, and summarized the composition of NETs, the effects of NETs on stroke, the intervention targets of NETs, and the effects of traditional Chinese medicine on NETs. NETs are an important cause of brain injury after stroke. Platelets, peptidylarginine deiminase 4, reactive oxygen species and histones are the targets to regulate NET formation in stroke. There are few researches on traditional Chinese medicine targeting NETs for stroke. Studies on the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine mainly target on neutrophils, which are the main components of NETs, and platelets, which induce the formation of NETs. The paper provided a comprehensive overview of current studies of NETs in ischemic stroke, so as to provide new ideas for the treatment and drug development of ischemic stroke.

Clasificación de riesgo para enfermedad tromboembólica venosa y tromboprofilaxis durante el puerperio, Tunja 2017 / Risk classification for venous thromboembolic disease and thromboprophylaxis during puerperium period, Tunja 2017 / Fatores de risco e classificação de risco para doença tromboembólica em puérperas

Introducción. La mortalidad materna se define como la muerte durante el embarazo o el puerperio, por causas relacionadas con la gestación. Las principales causas de mortalidad materna han variado en países desarrollados, donde la enfermedad tromboembólica venosa se encuentra en ascenso. Objetivo. Evaluar el nivel de riesgo para enfermedad tromboembólica venosa en el puerperio, en pacientes atendidas en la clínica Esimed de Tunja, año 2017. Método. Estudio observacional con diseño transversal analítico en una población de 1538 gestantes, con una muestra de 304 pacientes seleccionadas mediante muestreo aleatorio simple, a partir de la base de datos reportada por el sistema de información de la institución prestadora de salud. Se tuvieron en cuenta variables sociodemográ-ficas, así como vía del parto, presencia de clasificación de riesgo para enfermedad tromboembólica venosa en la historia clínica y empleo de tromboprofilaxis. Resultados. Se encontró mayor probabilidad de tener parto por cesárea en pacientes mayores de 35 años, con respecto al grupo de comparación. Un 75,9% de la población no presentó clasificación de riesgo para enfermedad tromboembólica venosa, por tanto, solo el 10,1% presentó indicación de tromboprofilaxis en pacientes que la requerían. Conclusiones. Es necesario realizar una adecuada clasificación de riesgo a todas las pacientes que están siendo atendidas en la institución; así como la relevancia de controlar los factores de riesgo que mayor implicación demostrada tienen para el desarrollo de enfermedad tromboembólica venosa, como es el caso de la cesárea.

Introduction. Maternal mortality is defined as death during pregnancy or the puerperium, due to causes related to pregnancy. The main causes of maternal mortality have varied in developed countries, where the venous thromboembolic disease is on rise. Objective. To evaluate the level of risk for venous thromboembolic disease in the puerperium, in pa- tients treated at the Esimed Clinic in Tunja, 2017. Method. Observational study with analytical cross-sectional design, in a population of 1538 pregnant women, with a sample of 304 patients selected by simple random sampling from the database repor- ted by the system of a health care institution. Sociodemographic variables were considered, as well as delivery pathway, presence of risk classification for venous thromboembolic disease in the clinical history and use of thromboprophylaxis. Results. We found a higher probability of having a cesarean delivery in patients older than 35 years, compared to the comparison group. The 75,9% of the population did not present a risk classification for venous thromboembolic disease, therefore there was 10,1%, indication of thromboprophylaxis in patients who required it. Conclusions. It is necessary to carry out an adequate risk classification for all patients who are being treated at the institution; as well as the relevance of controlling risk factors, which have a greater demonstrated implication for the development of venous thromboembolic disease, as is the case of cesarean section.

Introdução. As mulheres no período pós-parto apresentam maior risco de morbimortalidade, com um aumento de até 10 vezes o risco de doença tromboembólica, em comparação com as mulheres não grávidas em idade fértil. Objetivo. Descrever as características sociodemográficas, fatores de risco e classificação de risco para eventos tromboembólicos de puérperas em um hospital de referência no departamento de Boyacá durante 2018. Metodologia. Estudo observacional, descritivo e transversal, realizado em 398 puérperas, pesquisadas e avaliadas pelo serviço de ginecologia e obstetrícia do Hospital Regional de Sogamoso, durante 2018; foram identificados fatores e a classificação de risco para eventos tromboembólicos foi realizada. Resultados e conclusões. As mulheres pós-parto têm uma idade média de 26 anos [RIQ; 10 anos], da área urbana em 62,6% e a maioria (69,6%) do estrato socioeconômico um. Os fatores de risco mais encontrados foram cesariana (33,2%), excesso de peso (31,4%), obesidade grau I e II (11,3%) e parto prematuro (7,5%). A classificação de risco para eventos tromboembólicos na população total foi classificada em: 6% de baixo risco, 89,5% de risco moderado e 4,5% de alto risco. A identificação do nível de risco para eventos tromboembólicos em puérperas é necessária nos serviços de ginecologia e obstetrícia, de maneira padronizada e sistemática; da mesma forma, mitigue esses riscos e garanta a prevenção desse tipo de complicação.

Clinical status of etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism after gynecological pelvic surgery / 中国医师杂志

Venous thromboembolism ( VTE) is one of the common complications of gynecological pelvic surgery. The incidence of VTE is increased year by year and the mortality was increased. Therefore the prevention and treatment of postoperative VTE in patients with gynecological pelvic surgery should be given high attention. Reviewing and summarizing the related literatures on the etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of VTE after gynecological pelvic surgery, it is concluded that the early clinical symptoms of VTE after gynecological pelvic surgery are atypical, and clinical diagnosis needs to be made by means of platelet count, D-Dimer, coagulation function and color Doppler ultrasonography of both lower extremities. Anticoagulation, anti-platelet, elastic socks, intermittent pneumatic pressure pump and inferior vena cava filter are the main prevention and treatment methods. Preventive treatment before and after surgery is partic-ularly important.

Prevention of venous thrombosis after cesarean section / 中国实用妇科与产科杂志

Today,the incidence and mortality of perinatal thromboembolic diseases show a significant upward trend,which is mainly caused by venous thrombosis after cesarean section.Cesarean section has been identified as a high-risk factor for venous thromboembolism,which is not only related to surgical factors,but also to pathological obstetric factors in most cesarean sections.It is generally believed that the risk of bleeding after anticoagulant therapy after cesarean section is greater,so most postoperative anticoagulant therapy is not performed.However,with the increase of high-risk maternity,in order to minimize the adverse outcome,we should evaluate the risk of bleeding and thrombosis after cesarean section and the reasonable preventive anticoagulant therapy for high-risk women.By summarizing the related literature,this paper discusses how to assess the risk of thrombosis after cesarean section and effectively prevent thromboembolic events in order to determine the best time to perform anticoagulation prevention intervention.

Prevalence of deep vein thrombosis in acute stroke in Government Dharmapuri Medical College Hospital

Introduction: Venous thrombo embolism (VTE) is a frequent cause of preventable illness and death in hospitalized patients. 25% of all cases of venous thrombo embolism are associated with hospitalization and 50 to 75% of cases of VTE in hospitalized patients occur on those in medical wards. Aim of the Study: Prevalence of Deep vein thrombosis in patients admitted with acute stroke. The need for routine anticoagulation for prophylaxis against DVT in acute stroke patients. Materials and methods: Out of 145 patients enrolled for the study after applying the exclusion criteria 50 patients were selected for duplex ultrasonography of lower limb venous system. Results: In our study the prevalence of DVT in acute stroke was analyzed by ultrasound venous Doppler of lower limbs. The analysis of co morbid conditions like diabetes, systemic hypertension, ischemic heart disease, smoking and alcoholism were analyzed to find out if there was any association between their presence and occurrence of DVT. In all these parameters compared within the group of DVT positive patients the p value was more than 0.05 which is statistically insignificant. Conclusion: The prevalence of DVT in acute stroke patients in our hospital group was 6% which is significantly less than that observed in western population. Duplex USG is a useful tool which can be used as a screening tool for early diagnosis of DVT. DVT occurs more commonly in paralyzed limb than non paralyzed limb.

Clinical Analysis of Human Soluble Endothelial Protein C Receptor after Heart Valve Replacement / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical value of human soluble endothelial protein C receptor (sEPCR) after heart valve replacement.Methods 78 cases of patients with heart valve replacement in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from January 2005 to June 2016 were selected as the research objects,who were divided into embolic group and control group,38 cases in embolic group and 40 cases in control group,the index of two groups 1 d preoperative,while dynamic monitoring international standardization ratio (INR) and embolism,were detected,of which INR and sEPCR were examined.The INR and sEPCR oftwo groups was compared with t test.Results The INR and sEPCR of two groups 1 d preoperative had no significant difference (1.24±0.32 vs 1.23±0.19,34.91±9.14 μg/L vs 35.56±10.22 μg/L;t=0.17,P =0.868;t=0.30,P=0.768,respectively).The average value of dynamic monitoring INR in control group had no significant difference when compared with the results of embolism (1.86±0.95 vs 1.93±0.97,t=0.32,P=0.748).But the sEPCR had significant difference (101.33±27.15 μg/L vs 41.67±11.82 μg/L,t=12.69,P=0.000).Conclusion The important indexes of sEPCR could effectively guide the anticoagulant treatment,especially those who with the sEPCR value too high,the embolic threatening should be paid attention to.

Development and application of venous thromboembolism intelligent evaluation and automatic warning system / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To develop an intelligent evaluation and automatic warning system to improve the diagnosis rate of venous thrombo embolism (VTE) and strengthen its standardized treatment.Methods A clinical data center was constructed by using data extraction,conversion and loading,which involved in military medical system,clinical laboratory system,electronic medical record system and surgical anesthesia system.The warning model was established with international standards,clinician experiences,warning parameters selection by statistical method and weighted assignment.Results The system could predict the risk of the hospitalized patient for VTE rapidly and inform the doctor in time.Conclusion The system facilitates the doctor to prevent and control VTE,and thus is worthy promoting practically.

Impact of rehabilitation training combined with low molecular heparin calcium on functional recovery and venous thrombosis of postoperative period of hip fracture in the elderly / 中国基层医药

Objective To study the impact of rehabilitation training combined with low molecular heparin calcium on functional recovery and venous thrombosis of postoperative period of hip fracture in the elderly.Methods 86 elderly patients with hip fracture surgery were divided into the control group(43 cases)and observation group (43 cases)according to random number table method.The control group was given low molecular heparin calcium, and the observation group was given rehabilitation training combined with low molecular heparin calcium.After four weeks,the hip functional recovery and venous thrombosis occurrence were observed in the two groups.The levels of blood rheology indicators such as blood high shear viscosity,shear viscosity,low shear viscosity,erythrocyte aggrega-tion index and coagulant function index of thrombin time and D -dimer were detected.Results The scores of hip joint pain,joint function,joint mobility,deformity and Harris score in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,the differences were statistically significant(t =3.713,3.224,3.345,1.861 and 8.087,all P <0.05).The incidence rate of venous thrombosis in the observation group was 6.89%,which was lower than 23.26%in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =4.440,P =0.035).After 4 weeks treatment,the levels of the whole blood high shear viscosity,shear viscosity,low shear viscosity and erythrocyte aggregation index in the observation group were lower than those in the control group,the differences were statistically significant (t =2.092,2.590,1.716 and 2.590,all P <0.05).After treatment,the level of D -dimer in the observation group was lower than that in the control group,and the prothrombin time in the observation group was higher than that in the con-trol group,the differences were statistical significance(t =7.510 and 2.151,all P <0.05).Conclusion The rehabil-itation training combined with low molecular heparin calcium can promote hip joint function recovery of postoperative period of hip fracture in the elderly,reduce the incidence of venous thrombosis,improve blood rheology and blood coagulation function indicators.

Non-invasive MDCT Pulmonary Angiography in Unselected Patients with suspected Pulmonary Thrombo- Embolism.

Background: Pulmonary Thrombo-Embolism (PE) is a common and potentially lethal complication of deep venous Thrombosis (DVT). High sensitivity and specificity of Multi Detector Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography (MDCT-PA) in direct visualization of embolic material within the pulmonary arteries is due to its improved spatial and temporal resolution. Methods: We conducted a Prospective study to evaluate Non-invasive 256 Slice MDCT-PA in one hundred unselected patients with clinically suspected Pulmonary Embolism. Results: The total number of patients with thrombo-embolic disease in our study was 35 (35%), out of which acute PE & acute DVT were observed in 32% and 8% respectively. The percentage of Sub-segmental emboli among patients with acute PE was 34.37%, segmental thrombi was 87.5% and central thrombi was 96.87%.Conclusion: MDCT-PA possess the advantage of direct visualization and quantification of thrombo-embolic material and hence we advocate it to be the first-line imaging study for patients with clinically suspected PE.

Comparison between primary pulmonary artery sarcoma and pulmonary thromboembolism / 中国综合临床

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of pulmonary artery sarcoma (PAS) and pulmonary thromboembolism(PTE), to improve doctors' awareness and the early diagnosis of PAS.Methods The clinical data of 10 PAS cases confirmed with biopsy were retrospectively analyzed,and 10 cases with PTE were selected as control group.Results (1) Main clinical manifestations of the two groups were chest tightness, shortness of breath, intermittent syncope, palpitations, chest pain and cough, and there were no statistical significance differences between the two groups (P＞0.05).(2)There were 2 cases (20.0％) PaO2 ＜80 mmHg in patients with PAS.However, there were 8 cases (80.0％)PaO2 ＜ 80 mmHg in control group.The two groups had statistically significant difference (x2 =7.200, P =0.023).(3) Wells score : the cases with PAS was in low risk (80.0％ and 10.0％),however, the cases of control group was in medium and high risk(90.0％ and 20.0％).The two groups had statistically significant difference (P =0.005, 0.001).(4) The two groups had no statistically significant difference in ECG, UCG, X-ray, lung ventilation/perfusion (P＞ 0.05).(5) There had statistically significant difference in terms of LDH and CRP between PAS and PET group (100％ vs.0, x-2 =10.796,P=0.003;100％ vs.0, x2 =15.000, P =0.000).There was faster ESR in PAS group than control group,and the two groups had statistically significant difference (75％ vs.0, x2=1.400, P =0.011).There was no case of D-Dimer＞500 μg,/L in PAS group, while 10 cases in control group, and the two groups had significant statistical difference (x2 =17.000, P =0.000).(6) There was 1 case (12.5％) with DVT in PAS group, 6 cases (60.0％) in PTE group, and the two groups had significant statistical difference (x2=10.568, P =0.001).(7) The CTPA in PAS group showed filling defect in the main pulmonary artery trunk (85.7％ vs.0) ,left pulmonary artery (85.7％ vs.10.0％) ,right pulmonary artery(100％ vs.10.0％) and both left and right pulmonary artery (85.7％ vs.10.0％), the two groups had significant statistical difference (x2 =13.247, P =0.001;x2 =9.746, P=0.004;x2 =13.388, P =0.000;x2 =9.746, P =0.004).Conclusion PAS and PTE can' t be distinguished from the clinical symptoms, ECG, UCG, X-ray,lung ventilation/perfusion imaging.PAS is easily misdiagnosed as PTE.More attention should be given.PAS can be identified early through the blood gas analysis, hypoxemia,Wells score, LDH, CRP, ESR, D-Dimer, DVT and CTPA.

Incidence of chronic thrombo-embolic pulmonary hypertension following acute pulmonary thrombo-embolism: An Indian perspective.

Chronic thrombo-embolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) remains a severe disabling disease causing a significant amount of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The incidence and severity of this condition is quite obscure. The initial inciting event, the reason of progression, the natural history of the disease and the predictors of adverse outcomes are not yet adequately clarified. From the Indian subcontinent, data regarding this disease is limited. But with the advent of the multi-detector computed tomography, the understanding of this disease is gradually improving. As most of the available data suggests, acute pulmonary embolism (PE) as the main initial trigger leading to CTEPH, we prospectively analysed all patients being admitted in our hospital with acute PE and followed them over a period of one-and-a-half years to determine the incidence of CTEPH in this group. This is just an attempt to increase the awareness about the disease pattern and determine the rate of progression, risk factors of poor outcome, so that early detection and prompt treatment can benefit the patient care.

Función renal y tromboprofilaxis en pacientes con fractura de cadera / Fonction rénale et thrombo-prophylaxie chez les patients atteints de fracture de hanche / Renal function and thromboprophylaxis in patients with hip fractures

Objetivos: demostrar que la determinación de creatinina sérica por sí sola no permite conocer la función renal, necesitándose la realización de una tasa de filtración glomerular, mediante una ecuación que utilice el valor de creatinina sérica obtenido y las variables edad, sexo y raza. Desarrollar el sistema computarizado Nefrocalc que permite conocer de forma rápida el valor estimado de filtración glomerular. Métodos: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de 100 pacientes que se habían operado por fractura de cadera, en los cuales se utilizó un compuesto de heparina como profilaxis antitrombótica; se usó dosis uniforme. Las dosis de anticoagulantes se ajustaron en casos de daño renal, el cual se demostró midiendo la función renal. Resultados: pudo demostrarse que los pacientes del estudio ancianos en su mayoría tuvieron una declinación de la tasa de filtración glomerular demostrativa de insuficiencia renal, considerándose que debió hacerse ajuste de la dosis de heparina, en aquellos pacientes afectos de insuficiencia renal moderada. Conclusiones: la concentración de creatinina sérica no brindó la posibilidad de evaluar la función renal, pero la tasa de filtración glomerular sí resultó el mejor índice para evaluar esa función; este índice pudo ser estimado a partir de una ecuación con las variables edad, sexo, raza y la concentración sérica de creatinina, mediante el sistema computarizado NEFROCALC. En pacientes ancianos, cuando los valores de tasa de filtración glomerular denotaron disminución moderada de la función, debió ajustarse la dosis del anticoagulante. No se recomendó su utilización en pacientes con disminución severa del filtrado glomerular(AU)

Objectives: demonstrate that serum creatinine determination alone is not enough to know about renal function, and that it is necessary to estimate the glomerular filtration rate through an equation including the serum creatinine value obtained and also the variables age, sex and race. Develop the computerized system NEFROCALC to quickly estimate glomerular filtration. Methods: a retrospective study was conducted of 100 patients undergoing hip fracture surgery who were given a heparin compound as antithrombotic prophylaxis. A uniform dosage was used. Doses of anticoagulants were adjusted in cases of renal damage, which was determined by measuring renal function. Results: it was found that the patients under study most of whom were elderly persons showed a decline in the glomerular filtration rate signaling renal failure, leading to the conclusion that the heparin dose should have been adjusted in patients with moderate renal failure. Conclusions: serum creatinine concentration did not make it possible to evaluate renal function. The best value to evaluate renal function was the glomerular filtration rate, which could be estimated through an equation including the variables age, sex, race and serum creatinine concentration using the computerized system NEFROCALC. The dose of anticoagulant should have been adjusted in elderly patients with glomerular filtration rates signaling moderate renal failure. Its use was not recommended in patients with a severe decline in glomerular filtration(AU)

Objectifs: démontrer que la seule mesure de la créatinine sérique ne permet pas de connaître la fonction rénale, qu'il faut aussi mesurer le taux de filtration glomérulaire au moyen d'une équation utilisant la valeur de créatinine sérique obtenue et les variables telles que l'âge, le sexe et la race. Mettre en application le système assisté par ordinateur Nefrocalc permettant de connaître rapidement la valeur estimée de filtration glomérulaire. Méthodes: une étude rétrospective de 100 patients opérés de fracture de hanche, dont leur traitement a utilisé un composé d'héparine comme prophylaxie anti-thrombotique, a été effectuée. Les doses d'anticoagulants ont été ajustées en cas de défaillance rénale, laquelle a été confirmée en mesurant la fonction rénale. Résultats: on a démontré que les patients de l'étude des personnes âgées en majorité- ont eu une diminution du taux de filtration glomérulaire ce qui a démontré la défaillance rénale. Un ajustement de la dose d'héparine a été considéré chez les patients atteints de défaillance rénale modérée. Conclusions: la concentration de créatine sérique n'a pas permis d'évaluer la fonction rénale, mais le taux de filtration glomérulaire a été le meilleur indice pour évaluer cette fonction ; cet indice a pu être estimé à partir d'une équation avec des variables telles que l'âge, le sexe, la race, et de la concentration sérique de créatinine, au moyen du système assisté par ordinateur NEFROCALC. Lorsque les taux de filtration glomérulaire ont indiqué une diminution modérée de la fonction chez les patients âgés, la dose de l'anticoagulant a dû être ajustée. Son utilisation a été déconseillée chez les patients dont leur taux de filtration glomérulaire a diminué(AU)

Atrial fibrillation in the elderly / 老年心脏病学杂志（英文版）

This review discusses atrial fibrillation according to the guidelines of Brazilian Society of Cardiac Arrhythmias and the Brazilian Cardiogeriatrics Guidelines. We stress the thromboembolic burden of atrial fibrillation and discuss how to prevent it as well as the best way to conduct cases of atrial fibrillatios in the elderly, reverting the arrhythmia to sinus rhythm, or the option of heart rate control. The new methods to treat atrial fibrillation, such as radiofrequency ablation, new oral direct thrombin inhibitors and Xa factor inhibitors, as well as new antiarrhythmic drugs, are depicted.

Effectiveness and Necessity of Early Postoperative Rehabilitation for Total Hip Arthroplasty / The Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine

When treating coxarthrosis, each treatment method including conservative treatment, osteotomy, or artificial joint replacement, has an optimal stage for treatment of the disease. Joint preservation surgery has a good result for cases in the early stage, but total hip arthroplasty (THA) is selected for advanced stage hip osteoarthritis, and in Japan, more than a 40000 THAs are performed each year. Good postoperative results lasting up to 15 years are reported today, but, on the other hand, postoperative problems still clearly exist. Deep venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolism (VTE/PTE) are given as perioperative problems, and postoperative dislocation and postoperative range of motion of the hip joint are given as the problems that most relate to ADL. These days, information about THA is abundant so that there is extensive demand for the procedure amongst patients, and elevated technique is demanded of the surgeon. The onset of postoperative VTE/PTE as a lethal complication and interest about its prevention have risen these days with the increase in the number of artificial joint replacements performed in Japan. This time, we introduce a postoperative THA rehabilitation schedule and report the results of our postoperative complication prevention efforts carried out in our hospital. When THA of late years is thought about, for a patient, it is natural that the long-term results are good, and the postoperative satisfaction degree from an early stage is the demand that it is necessary. In consideration of these things, the range of hip motion needed about the origin and preventing dislocation that were one element of long-term satisfaction since only a short-term of normal ADL movement was investigated, and this was viewed from the aspect of joint stability against postoperative dislocation by difference in the approach method of surgery. Finally, we also discussed the importance of early rehabilitation after surgery for the prevention of VTE/PTE as a serious complication of surgery.

Trombohematoma subcorionico masivo: una patología placentaria emergente / Massive subchorionic thrombohematoma

El trombohematoma subcoriónico es una extravasación de sangre localizada en la placa coriónica, entre amnios y corion. Es muy infrecuente, el diagnóstico no es común, tiene alto riesgo perinatal y no hay casos comunicados en nuestro medio. Se presentan 12 casos de sospecha diagnóstica antenatal, confirmada en el examen histopatológico placentario. Se describe y discute el cuadro clínico, las complicaciones maternas y perinatales, el diagnóstico ultrasónico, el manejo y los resultados obtenidos. En nueve casos se identifcó una fase latente con hematoma de tamaño estable, entre el inicio de los síntomas y el parto, que duró en promedio 7,3 semanas. En ocho casos la fase latente fue seguida por una fase activa con aumento del hematoma asociado al parto prematuro. Tres embarazadas presentaron patología médica compleja con una muerte materna. Seis casos hicieron anemia severa y tres patología miscelánea. Hubo ocho amenazas de parto prematuro con tocolisis, tres rotura prematura de membranas, una colestasis y una preeclampsia. Los partos fueron prematuros, dos de 36 y 33 semanas y diez menores a 32 semanas. Siete prematuros tuvieron peso inferior a 1000 gramos y seis hicieron restricción fetal grave, en percentil <5 de la curva de crecimiento. Hubo complicaciones neonatales relacionadas con prematurez, restricción y bajo peso, manejados con hospitalización prolongada con promedio de 74 días (rango: 6-298 días). Diez neonatos sobrevivieron; hubo un mortinato y un mortineonato. La sobrevida fue 83,3 por ciento y la mortalidad de 16,6 por ciento que se comparan favorablemente con las cifras comunicadas.

Subchorial thrombohaematoma is caused by blood extravasations in the corionic plate, between amnion and chorion. It is a rare pathologic entity, that carries a high perinatal risk, which has not being published in our country up to now. We report 12 cases in which the diagnosis was suspected before birth, and confirmed in the placentary pathological examination. We describe the clinical presentation, fetal and maternal risks, ultrasonographic findings, treatment and clinical outcomes. In 9 patients a latent phase was identified with a stable size hematoma, which had a mean duration of 7.3 weeks. In 8 cases the latent phase was followed by an active phase, with increasing size of the hematoma associated with preterm labour. Three pregnant women had severe complications which caused one maternal death. Six had severe anemia and other three had minor complications. Eight had preterm labor symptoms which required tocolysis. Three had prelabour rupture of membranes, one cholestasis disease and preeclampsia. Preterm labours were at 36, 33 and other ten before 32 weeks of gestation. Seven preterm newborns weight less than 1000 grams and six had severe fetal restriction (p<5). Newborn complications were related with prematurity, requiring prolonged hospitalization (mean 74 days, range 6-298 days). Ten newborns survived. There were 1 still birth and 1 dead newborn. Survival rate was 83.3 percent and 16.6 percent mortality, better rates than previously published.

Trombolisis para Tromboembolismo pulmonar masivo en el servicio de urgencias: Reporte de un caso / Thrombolysis in massive pulmonary embolism in emergency room: case report

El tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP) es una posibilidad diagnóstica que obliga a determinar una probabilidad a través del puntaje (score) de Wells, con el fin de evitar subdiagnósticos o realizar diagnósticos tardíos en el servicio de urgencias. En ocasiones el TEP se presenta como una condición amenazante de la vida que requiere intervención inmediata, siendo la trombolisis el tratamiento adecuado cuando se acompaña de inestabilidad hemodinámica y no hay contraindicaciones para su realización. Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 61 años que ingresa a un servicio de urgencias de alto nivel de complejidad, con diagnóstico de TEP masivo y se procede a trombolisis con Alteplase®, obteniéndose adecuada reperfusión de la circulación pulmonar y estabilidad cardiorrespiratoria luego de realizar el procedimiento.

Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is a diagnosis possibility that implies determining a probability with Wells score in order to avoid subdiagnosis or late diagnosis in emergency services. In some occasions, it presents as a life threatening condition that requires immediate intervention. Thrombolysis is the adequate treatment when PTE is accompanied with hemodynamic instability and when there are no counter-indications. The following article describes the case of a 61 year old man who enters a high complexity level emergency service with a diagnosis of massive PTE and thrombolysis is carried out with Alteplase ®. Adequate reperfusion of pulmonary circulation is obtained as well as cardio respiratory stability following the procedure.

A propósito de la muerte de Cano de Aponte y los accidentes ecuestres / On the death of Gabriel Cano de Aponte

Gabriel Cano de Aponte was Governor of Chile since 1717 and util his death in 1733, being 68 years old. As a soldier, he was an experimented horse rider. The sequence ofevents that caused his death three months after an equestrian accident are unclear. A systematic clinical analysis of the later is the main objective of this review. Historians have documented Cano de Aponte's "inclination for unbridled fun and equestrian exercises". During a holiday Cano de Aponte suffered a horse fall and subsequent crushing by the latter. It has been stated that a spinal lesion caused by the accident kept him bedridden for a period of three months, clear in reason and with intense pain, before his death. However, there is no evidence on historie data that conveys any typical sign associated to spinal injury following the accident. Therefore we suggest that Cano de Aponte suffered a complex pelvic ring fracture. The fact that he was prostrated, lucid, but suffered and intense pain best sustains the hypothesis of a pelvic fracture. After the initial period, one ofthe most common causes of death resulting from a pelvic fracture is deep venous thrombosis with secondary pulmonary thromboembolism. This must have been the sequence ofevents that most probably caused Cano de Aponte's death).