Trombosis venosa de sitio inusual: síndrome de Paget-Schroetter / Venous thrombosis of unusual site: Paget-Schroetter syndrome

RESUMEN Fundamento: la enfermedad tromboembólica venosa es una enfermedad clínica frecuente, asociada a múltiples factores de riesgo ya identificados. Existen presentaciones con localizaciones atípicas, como lo es la trombosis en miembro superior. Al ser su etiología en el 30 % de los casos la hipertrofia de músculos de la cintura escapular (síndrome de Paget-Schroetter), el cual siempre deberá ser sospechado en pacientes sanos que realicen actividades deportivas de máximo esfuerzo donde tanto el tratamiento farmacológico como quirúrgico ofrecerán una adecuada alternativa terapéutica. Objetivo: presentar un paciente joven con trombosis venosa de sitio inusual en miembro superior. Presentación del caso: se presenta el caso de un paciente joven de 20 años sano, deportista de alto rendimiento, quien acude a consulta por cuadro subagudo de signos inflamatorios y circulación colateral en miembro superior izquierdo, con posterior confirmación de trombosis venosa de sitio inusual, se descartan causas comunes, trombofilias y luego se confirma la hipertrofia de músculos escalenos como evento precipitante. Dada la duración del cuadro en su inicio es manejado con anticoagulación e intervenido de forma quirúrgica con adecuada respuesta. Conclusiones: la presencia de trombosis venosa de sitio inusual en miembro superior en pacientes jóvenes, sanos y deportistas obliga a sospechar el síndrome de Paget-Schroetter como principal causa, al permitir un adecuado manejo y pronóstico.

ABSTRACT Background: venous thromboembolic disease is a frequent clinical illness, associated with multiple risk factors already identified. There are presentations with atypical locations such as thrombosis in the upper limb. The etiology in the 30% of cases is the hypertrophy of the scapular waist muscles (Paget-Schroetter syndrome), which should always be suspected in healthy patients that practice sports to their maximum level, where both pharmacological and surgical treatment will offer an adequate alternative. Objective: to present a young patient with venous thrombosis of unusual site in the upper limb. Presentation of the case: we present the case of a 20-year-old healthy patient, previously a high-performance athlete, who went to consultation for a sub-acute symptomps of inflammatory signs and collateral circulation in the left upper limb, with subsequent confirmation of unusual site venous thrombosis. The common etiologies are ruled out and, finally, scalene hypertrophy known as Paget-Schroetter syndrome is confirmed. Given the duration of the symptoms, the anticoagulation is initially handled and subsequently he is surgically treated with an adequate response. Conclusions: the presence of unusual site venous thrombosis in upper limb in young, healthy and athletic patients forces us to be suspicious about the Paget-Schroetter syndrome as the main etiology allowing the correct handling and prognosis.

Pulmonary embolism and hematologic outcome in cancer patients initiating chemotherapy.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between chemotherapy use and the frequency of pulmonary embolism (PE) and associated mortality, clinical, and biochemical parameters. An additional aim was to analyze computed tomography pulmonary angiography findings. Materials and Methods: The study population comprised 65 of 368 consecutive patients diagnosed with PE who underwent chemotherapy in the Medical Oncology Department. The study population had cancer of various origins, including breast, colorectal, lung, gynecological, gastric and pancreatic, lymphatic, and other sites. The patients' clinical records were reviewed for leukocyte and platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, and level of mortality. As the parameters were normally distributed, the correlation coefficients and their significance were calculated using Pearson's test. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the leukocyte counts among the cancer groups. A t-test was used to compare the means of the platelet and leukocyte counts between the patients. A Chi-square test was used to compare binary outcomes for categorical variables. Patients who died in the 1 st year and others (survivors and patients who died after the 1 st year) were compared using multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results: When the patients who died in the 1 st year and the survivors were compared, there was a statistically significant difference in the platelet count between the two groups. The platelet count, MPV, and leukocyte count of the patients with PE were significantly high. The leukocyte count was also significantly high in patients with breast, colorectal, lung, and gynecological cancers. Conclusion: Our results indicate that in cancer patients with PE who undergo chemotherapy, the platelet count, MPV, and leukocyte count are significantly high.

Trombo aortico intraluminal e hematoma intramural apos manobra de ressuscitacao cardiopulmonar / Aortic luminal thrombus and intramural hematoma after cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Descrevemos o caso de um paciente com hematoma intramural e trombo flutuante após ressuscitação cardiopulmonar. Esse homem, de 92 anos de idade, teve uma parada cardíaca causada por fibrilação atrial e testemunhas iniciaram imediatamente manobras manuais de ressuscitação cardiopulmonar. Ao ser admitido no hospital, o paciente apresentava-se em choque cardiogênico, sendo, então, imediatamente submetido a ecocardiografia transesofágica. Além de uma parede anterior acinética, o exame da aorta torácica descendente mostrou um hematoma intramural e um trombo intra-aórtico flutuante a uma distância de 40cm do arco dental. Não havia dissecção da aorta. O trombo foi atribuído à compressão aórtica durante a ressuscitação cardiopulmonar. Embora o trombo aórtico e o hematoma intramural não tenham se associado a qualquer complicação nesse paciente, a inserção de um balão intra-aórtico poderia ter levado a uma ruptura da aorta ou a eventos embólicos. Recomenda-se a realização de ecocardiografia transesofágica, quando disponível, antes da inserção de um balão intra-aórtico de contrapulsação em pacientes submetidos à ressuscitação cardiopulmonar.

We describe the case of a patient with an intramural hematoma and floating thrombus after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The 92-year old man had a cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation and witnesses immediately initiated manual cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Transesophageal echocardiography was performed immediately on hospital admission because the patient was in cardiogenic shock. In addition to an akinetic anterior wall, examination of the descending thoracic aorta demonstrated an intramural hematoma and a floating intra-aortic thrombus at a distance of 40cm from the dental arch. There was no aortic dissection. The thrombus was attributed to aortic compression during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Although the aortic thrombus and intramural hematoma were not associated with any complications in this patient, insertion of an intra-aortic balloon may have led to aortic rupture or embolic events. Transesophageal echocardiography should be performed, when available, prior to insertion of an intra-aortic balloon for counterpulsation in patients who have undergone cardiopulmonary resuscitation.