Timoma intrapericárdico. A propósito de un caso / Intrapericardial thymoma. About a case

Resumen Introducción: "De acuerdo con las referencias internacionales, en una revisión de autopsias de Straus y Merliss, su incidencia fue del 0,0017-0,28%, mientras que Lymburner encontró sólo 4 casos en 8.500 autopsias, lo que ofrece una incidencia del 0,05%, y finalmente Nadas y Ellison hallaron 1 caso por cada 10.000 autopsias".1 El timoma es una tumoración con una ubicación predominante de mediastino anterioren 90% de los casos, debido a la posición usual de la glándula tímica; esto no excluye que en un porcentaje muy bajo se presente en el mediastino medio o posterior, cuello, base del cráneo, parénquima pulmonar, cavidad pleura e intrapericárdica, esta última mucho más rara, por lo que constituye un verdadero reto tanto diagnóstico, como para su manejo quirúrgico. Caso clínico: Varón de 23 años con antecedentes de tabaquismo, alcoholismo, drogadicción, que acude con disnea de medianos esfuerzos que evoluciona a pequeños esfuerzos, dolor retroesternal, tos, expectoración hemoptoica, pérdida de peso no cuantificada, taquicardia, taquipnea, uso de musculatura accesoria, murmullo vesicular disminuido en campo pulmonar izquierdo. Evolución: Se realizan los siguientes estudios complementa rios: radiografía de tórax, ecocardiograma, y se llega a una sospecha diagnóstica de tumor pulmonar hiliar versus tumor cardíaco; se decide su tratamiento quirúrgico mediante toracotomía posterolateral. Se observa una tumoración de gran tamaño que compromete ventrículo derecho y cara anterior de arteria pulmonar, se realiza resección de timoma intrapericárdico. Conclusiones: Los timomas intrapericárdicos constituyen patologías poco frecuentes, en el caso de ser de origen primario se caracterizan por no observar la participación del timo y no tener síntomas de miastenia gravis. La sospecha diagnóstica, acompañada de un tratamiento oportuno constituye la base para el manejo de estos pacientes. El tratamiento quirúrgico, a pesar de ser un reto, es la mejor opción, incluso en aquellos casos en que se usa como método citoreductor.

Abstract Introduction: According to the international references of a classical autopsy review by Straus and Merliss, its incidence was of 0,0017-0,28%, while Lymburner found only 4cases in 8,500 autopsies, resulting of an incidence of 0.05%, and finally Nadas and Ellison found one case for every 10,000 autopsies1. Thymoma is tumor located mainly in the anterior mediastin u m, 90% of th e ca ses, because of the position of the thymic gland, this does not exclude that in a very low percentage level it can appear in the middle or posterior mediastinum, the neck, the base of the skull, the lung parenchyma, the pleural cavity and the intra pericardial location but it is rarer and constitutes a real challenge to be diagnosed as well as its surgical management. Clinical case: A 23-year-old male with a history of smoking, alcoholism and drug addiction, arrives with dyspnea of medium efforts that evolves into small efforts, retro-sterna pain, cough, sputum, not quantified weight loss, tachycardia, tachypnea, use of accessory muscles, decreased vesicular murmur in the left lung. Evolution: The following complementary studies were performed: thorax radiography, chest angio CT, echocardiogram and a biliary pulmonary tumor diagnosis was concluded, his surgical treatment was decided by means of posterolatera thoracotomy. Evidence shows of a large tumor involving the right ventricle and the anterior aspect of the pulmonary artery. Resection of intrapericardial thymoma is performed. Conclusions: Intrapericardial thymomas constitute very rare pathologies. In the case of being of primary origin, they are characterized by no evidence of thymus involvement and no symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis. Diagnostic suspicion, accompanied by timely treatment, is the basis for the management of these patients. Surgical treatment despite being a challenge is the best option, even in those cases that are used as a cytoreductor method.

Thymolipoma in a 13-year-old Korean girl / 소아과

Thymolipoma is a rare benign tumor of anterior mediastinum. Most patients are asymptomatic with incidental finding of the tumor during a diagnostic workup of other medical problems. We present a case of 13-year-old girl with anterior mediastinal thymolipoma, surgically removed after an incidental diagnosis.

Thymic Neuroendocrine Tumor / 대한흉부외과학회지

The neuroendocrine tumor is a rare thymic neoplasm, which has been regarded as a distinct tumor from thymoma and originates from Kultschizky cell. The pathologic diagnosis of thymic neuroendocrine tumor has been on findings from light microscopy, immunohistochemical studies, and electron microscopy. About 50% of thymic carcinoids are seen with endocrinopathies. Recurrence and extrathoracic metastasis are charateristics of thymic carcinoids. Surgical removal of the initial and recurred tumor is considered to be the most effective treatment. The role of the adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy is still uncertain. Herein we report a case of thymic neuroendocrine tumor, which was resected surgically.

Thymic Neuroendocrine Tumor Associated with Cushing's Syndrome: case report / 대한흉부외과학회지

Neuroendocrine tumor in thymus is rare and has poor prognosis due to frequent recurrence and distant metastasis. Approximately half of thymic carcinoids are hormonally active and Cushing's syndrome is seen in 33% of affected patients. Treatment of choice is surgical excision of tumor and role of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is controversal. We report 2 cases of thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma associated with Cushing's syndrome.

Expression of bcl-2 , p53 Protein and Aggressiveness in Thymic Epithelial Tumor / 대한흉부외과학회지

BACKGROUND: The distinction between non-invasive and invasive or thymic carcinoma has been severely compromised by lack of objective morphological criteria. A reliable biological marker of tumor aggressiveness is, therefore, mandatory for predicting tumor behavior. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Thirty thymic epithelial tumors, including 7 non-invasive thymoma, 10 invasive thymoma, and 13 thymic carcinoma of the Rosai's classification; and 5 stage I, 7 stage II, 2 stage III, and 3 stage IVa of the Masaoka stage of thymoma were investigated for expression of bcl-2 and p53 proteins by immunohistochemistry. RESULT: The thymic epithelial cells showed positive immunostain for bcl-2 in 0 (0%), 3 (30%), 8 (61.5%) of categories in the Rosai's classification respectively and in 0 (0%), 1 (14.3%), 2 (100%), 0 (0%) of stage I, II, III, IVa of the Masaoka stage respectively. Thymic carcinoma, and high stage thymoma had significantly higher proportion of bcl-2 expression than thymoma (p=0.021) and low stage thymoma (p=0.011). However, p53 showed no correlation with the histological subtypes nor with clinical aggressiveness. Bcl-2 expression appeared to be positively correlated with p53 immunoactivity (p=0.007, kappa=0.525). CONCLUSION: These date indicate that bcl-2 expression correlates with aggressiveness in thymic epithelial tumors, but further studies on mutation of p53 protein is necessary because bcl-2 expression appeared to be positively correlated with p53 immunoactivity.