Effect of pre-pregnancy obesity on trimester-specific thyroid dysfunction / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo explore the risk of different levels of pre-pregnancy obesity on trimester-specific thyroid dysfunction. MethodsQuestionnaire information， blood samples， and urine samples from a 2017 pregnancy cohort study in Shanghai， China were collected. A total of 2 455 pregnant women were included in the analysis. Pre-pregnancy BMI was calculated based on the height and self-reported pre-pregnancy weight. Serum TSH， total thyroxine （TT4）， free thyroxine （FT4）， total triiodothyronine （TT3）， free triiodothyronine （FT3）， thyroid globulin antibody（TgAb）， and Thyroid peroxidase antibody （TPOAb） were measured using the electrochemiluminescence method. Urine iodine levels were measured using the acid digestion method. Levels of thyroid function indexes of pregnant women with different degrees of obesity during pre-pregnancy were compared， and trimester-specific thyroid dysfunction was evaluated according to the reference range of trimester-specific thyroid hormone established by this cohort. Multivariate logistic regressions analysis was used to assess the correlation between pre-pregnancy obesity and trimester-specific thyroid dysfunction. ResultsAs the degree of obesity increased， maternal levels of FT3 and TT3 gradually increased during pregnancy （P<0.001， P=0.001）， while FT4 levels gradually decreased （P=0.001）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the normal weight group， pregnant women who were overweight or obesity before pregnancy had a significantly higher risk of hypothyroxinemia （OR=3.85， 95%CI： 2.08‒7.14， P<0.001） and high TT3 （OR=2.78， 95%CI： 1.45‒5.26， P=0.002） during pregnancy. ConclusionPre-pregnancy overweight or obesity can increase the risk of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy.

A study on lipid profile in thyroid dysfunction

Background: Thyroid diseases are among the most common endocrine disorders worldwide. Thyroid hormones play a key role in regulating the synthesis, metabolism, and mobilization of lipids. Levels of circulating lipids may alter in thyroid dysfunction. Aim and Objectives: The aim of the study was to find out the alterations of lipid levels in thyroid dysfunction. Materials and Methods: The study was designed as cross-sectional observational study and analysis of values was done by significant tests difference in means. 20 patients with hypothyroidism, 20 patients with hyperthyroidism, and 20 normal were participated in the study. Levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), LDL-C, and LDL/HDL ratio were estimated and compared. Results: In patients with hypothyroidism, there was an increase in total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglyceride levels and decrease in HDL-C levels. In hyperthyroidism, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, VLDL-C, and LDL/HDL ratio were found to be significantly decreased. Conclusion: Altered thyroid function can lead to significant changes in the lipid profile. Hypothyroidism is an important risk factor for heart diseases. Hence, routine screening of thyroid hormones may be of considerable help for early intervention and treatment of thyroid dysfunction-related cardiac disease.

Comparison of Thyroglobulin and Thyroid Function in Pregnant Women between Counties with a Median Urinary Iodine Concentration of 100-149 µg/L and 150-249 µg/L / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

OBJECTIVE@#This study explored whether thyroglobulin and thyroid disease prevalence rates were higher in pregnant Chinese women with a median urinary iodine concentration of 100-149 µg/L, compared with those with a median urinary iodine concentration of 150-249 μg/L maintained through sustainable universal salt iodization.@*METHODS@#This was a cross-sectional study in which 812 healthy pregnant women were enrolled to collect samples of their household edible salt, urine, and blood during their routine antenatal care in the 18 counties in Fujian Province, China. The levels of salt iodine concentration, urinary iodine concentration (UIC), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroid hormone (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroglobulin (Tg), thyroid peroxidase antibody and thyroglobulin antibody were assessed during the routine antenatal care visits.@*RESULTS@#The median UIC (mUIC) in pregnant women was 130.8 μg/L (interquartile range = 91.5-198.1 μg/L) in the counties with an mUIC of 100-149 μg/L (Group I), and 172.0 μg/L (interquartile range = 123.5-244.4 μg/L) in the counties with an mUIC of 150-249 μg/L (Group II). Goiter prevalence and thyroid nodule detection rates showed no difference between Group I and Group II ( P > 0.05). Except for FT4 values, the TSH, FT4, FT3, Tg and Tg values > 40 (μg/L) and the thyroid diseases prevalence rate (TDR) showed no significant differences between Group I and Group II ( P > 0.05), whether or not iodine supplementation measures were taken.@*CONCLUSION@#Compared with an mUIC of 150-249 μg/L, not only there was no difference in thyroid morphology, but also the Tg value, rate of Tg values > 40 µg/L, and TDR were not higher in pregnant women in the counties with an mUIC of 100-149 μg/L achieved through sustainable universal salt iodization in Fujian Province, China.

Prevalence and associated factors for thyroid dysfunction among patients on targeted therapy for cancers:A single-center study from Thailand / Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies

Objective@#This study aimed to explore the prevalence and associated factors of thyroid dysfunction among cancer patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).@*Methodology@#A cross-sectional study was done in patients who received TKIs at Rajavithi Hospital in 2019. For patients treated with ICI, a retrospective chart review for patients seen in 2018 to 2019 was conducted. If there were abnormal thyroid function tests (TFT), thyroid autoantibodies were tested.@*Results@#There were 144 patients on TKIs with a mean age of 56.0 years. Thyroid dysfunction was found in 14.6% of patients and most had subclinical hypothyroidism (n=16, 11.1%). Imatinib (n=11, 10.8%) and sunitinib (n=4, 100%) were the 2 most common TKIs given to patients with thyroid dysfunction. Thyroid dysfunction was associated with male sex, chronic kidney disease and hepatitis B virus infection but not with previous thyroid disease and presence of thyroid autoantibodies. There were 18 patients who received ICIs. The mean age was 63.3 years. Twelve patients (66.7%) used programmed cell death protein-1 antibody (anti-PD1), mainly nivolumab. Thyroid dysfunction was found in 50%, which occurred at a median duration of 46 days. Most patients had overt hypothyroidism and 55.6% needed levothyroxine replacement. @*Conclusion@#Thyroid dysfunctions from TKIs were mostly asymptomatic and mild in severity. Some types of TKIs might be associated with thyroid dysfunction. On the other hand, thyroid dysfunction from ICIs usually occurs within 6 months and requires levothyroxine replacement.

Causes of Abnormal Hemoglobin Electrophoresis / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the possible causes of abnormal hemoglobin electrophoresis results.@*METHODS@#The hemoglobin electrophoresis results of 5 696 patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College from September 2018 to July 2021 were collected, and the abnormal results and clinical significance were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The results of 486 patients (accounting for 8.53%) were abnormal, of which 300 cases had increased HbA2, 135 cases had decreased HbA2, 44 cases had increased F alone, and 7 cases had abnormal hemoglobin bands. Among the 486 patients, 246 patients were thalassemia gene positive (the positive rate was 50.62%), including 29 cases of α thalassemia, 208 cases of β thalassemia and 9 cases of αβ thalassemia. Among the patients with elevated HbA2, 68.67% were detected β thalassemia, 3.00% αβ thalassemia, 9.33% were suspected to be caused by macrocytosis, 6.33% by thyroid dysfunction, and 12.67% by uncertainty of the method. Among the patients with reduced HbA2, 21.48% were detected α thalassemia, 60.00% iron deficiency anemia, 8.15% were suspected to be caused by thyroid dysfunction, and 10.37% by uncertainty of the method. Among the patients with elevated F alone, the results of thalassemia gene detection were negative, 40.91% of them were suspected to be caused by macrocytosis, 27.27% by hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin, 29.55% by special physiological condition of pregnant women, and 2.27% by hyperthyroidism. Abnormal hemoglobin bands were detected in 7 patients, including 4 cases of hemoglobin D, 2 cases of hemoglobin E, and 1 case of hemoglobin J.@*CONCLUSION@#Thalassemia, iron deficiency anemia, macrocytosis such as megaloblastic anemia and non-severe aplastic anemia, thyroid dysfunction, hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin, abnormal hemoglobin diseases, the uncertainty of the method are all important causes of abnormal hemoglobin electrophoresis results. In clinical work, the patient's indicators should be comprehensively analyzed to determine the possible cause.

Comparative study of lipid profile anomalies in thyroid dysfunction

Background: Thyroid hormones play a major role in the metabolism of lipids and deranged lipid profile can, in turn, result in various cardiovascular diseases. The association between elevated LDL and coronary artery disease (CAD) risk is well established. However, the correlation between the changes in the thyroid hormone levels and lipid profile needs to be studied in detail. Aim and Objectives: This study was conducted with the objective of estimating the serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, and VLDL in hyperthyroid and hypothyroid individuals and to compare it with the euthyroid population. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 165 study subjects who included newly diagnosed patients with untreated hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism and controls were selected from the bystander population. Serum TSH, serum total cholesterol, serum LDL, serum triglycerides, serum VLDL and serum HDL were assessed. The baseline characteristics and blood investigation values were compared among the three groups using ANOVA and were expressed in mean � standard deviation. The association between the various parameters in different groups was evaluated using Pearson抯 correlation coefficient. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among the 165 subjects studied, majority belonged to the age group of 30� years and majority of the study subjects were females. The mean serum levels of total cholesterol (216.86 � 21.99 mg/dl), LDL (142.49 � 19.09 mg/dl), triglycerides (156.31 � 26.33 mg/dl) and VLDL (31.26 � 5.25 mg/dl) were significantly higher in the hypothyroid group compared to the control subjects (P = 0.000). The mean serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, and VLDL were significantly higher in the hypothyroid group compared to the control subjects (P = 0.000). Conclusion: Hypothyroidism demonstrates an atherogenic lipid profile with a positive correlation with serum TSH values and lipid profile. Since altered lipid profile can predispose to cardiovascular diseases, screening for these in individuals with thyroid dysfunction especially hypothyroidism needs to made mandatory.

The impact of pre-existing thyroid diseases on susceptibility to respiratory infections or self-reported sickness during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

ABSTRACT Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence, severity and presence of symptoms of respiratory tract infections and COVID-19, in patients with pre-existing thyroid dysfunction compared to individuals without thyroid diseases, during the peak month of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands. Subjects and methods: In this retrospective observational cohort study, all patients currently under follow-up at the Radboud UMC for thyroid dysfunction received a digital questionnaire. Primary outcomes were incidence of self-reported sickness and cases diagnosed with COVID-19. We compared these primary outcomes between these patients and individuals without thyroid diseases that received the same questionnaire, recruited from the Human Functional Genomics Cohort at the Radboud UMC. Results: In total, 238 patients with pre-existing thyroid dysfunction and 161 controls were included. Patients did not report more sickness (30.7% vs. 29.2%; p = 0.752) or microbiologically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections (1.7% vs. 0.6%; p = 0.351). COVID-19 clinical diagnosis was more frequently made in patients with thyroid diseases (4.2% vs. 0.6%; p = 0.032), despite overall lower incidence of self-reported respiratory related symptoms (52.8% vs. 63.8%; p = 0.028), compared to controls. Sub-group analysis between patients with autoimmune and not-autoimmune thyroid dysfunction did not reveal significant associations with respect to any of the outcome measures. Conclusion: This retrospective survey of a cohort of patients with from a tertiary academic hospital suggests that pre-existing thyroid dysfunction, independent from the aetiology, does not lead to an apparent risk to develop respiratory tract infections and COVID-19 related symptoms.

Association of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR ) gene polymorphisms (C677T and A1298C) with thyroid dysfunction: A meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis

ABSTRACT Recent studies have shown that two common methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR ) gene polymorphisms (C677T and A1298C) might correlate with thyroid dysfunction, but the results remain inconsistent. We carried out a meta-analysis aiming to assess the relationship of both polymorphisms with thyroid dysfunction. The PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), CBMdisc (China Biology Medicine disc), WeiPu and Wanfang databases were searched up to September 2021. Case-control and cohort studies on MTHFR polymorphism and thyroid dysfunction were identified. Eight studies from six publications were finally included in our meta-analysis, including 817 patients and 566 controls. After pooled analysis, we found that the MTHFR C677T polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of hypothyroidism (TT vs. CC+CT/recessive model: OR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.02-4.20, P = 0.04; TT vs. CC/homozygote model: OR = 2.35, 95% CI: 1.13-4.86, P = 0.02), while trial sequential analysis (TSA) revealed that it could be a false positive result. The MTHFR A1298C polymorphism was related to a decreased risk of hypothyroidism (C vs. A/allele model: OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.44-0.92, P = 0.02; CC vs. AC+AA/recessive model: OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.22-0.79, P = 0.007; CC vs. AA/homozygote model: OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.25-0.85, P = 0.02), which was conclusive according to TSA. The results of this meta-analysis suggest that MTHFR A1298C seems to be a protective factor for hypothyroidism, while the MTHFR C677T polymorphism may be a risk factor. However, more well-designed studies with larger sample sizes are needed to obtain more reliable results of the association between the MTHFR C677T polymorphism and hypothyroidism.

A study of thyroid dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbance in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism and related to deficiency in insulin secretion or in its action. Diabetes mellitus and hyperthyroidism are metabolic disorders that affect the levels of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids also. The effects of thyroid dysfunction on the various metabolic pathways are assessed by specific tests, such as free T4, free T3 and TSH. Materials and methods: An observational cross-sectional study of 263 individuals was conducted in Dhiraj Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat. It included indoor, outdoor and diabetic clinic’s patients, coming to Dhiraj hospital in duration of one year. Results: In this study, total number of patient was 263, in which 134 were male and 129 were female. Out of 263 patients, 196 were euthyroid. Out of 134 male, 110 were euthyroid and 24 had thyroid dysfunction and out of 129 female, 86 were euthyroid and 43 had thyroid dysfunction with prevalence of 9.12% and 16.35% respectively. Conclusion: A study of thyroid dysfunction in T2DM patients which included 263 diabetic patients, out of them 67 had thyroid dysfunction. Out of these, 67 patients 43 were female and 24 were male. This suggests that female were more prone to thyroid dysfunction than males. Out of 67 thyroid dysfunction patients, 42 were above the age of 50 year. So as the age increases the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction also increases. In our study, we found that as the duration of T2DM increases, the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction increases in patients of hypothyroidism but no such correlation was found in patients of hyperthyroidism.

Thyroid profile in perimenopausal women: A study to rule out hypothyroidism in the subclinical stage and its relationship to cholesterol levels

Background: One of the most frequent problems affecting perimenopausal women is thyroid dysfunction, symptoms of which might be so subtle that they go unrecognized for a long time. In older women, subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is frequent. A significant percentage of individuals are at risk of developing primary hypothyroidism as a result of their SCH. Aim and Objectives: The goal of this study is to know the incidence of thyroid dysfunction and its clinical manifestations, to determine thyroid profile the incidence of SCH, and its relation with the cholesterol levels in perimenopausal women in patients who visit gynecology outpatient department. Materials and Methods: The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional research undertaken in the department of the research comprised 100 women between the ages of 40 and 55 Patients were assessed using a complete history, clinical examination, and laboratory tests such as ELISA was used to test thyroid function in the serum of all patients diagnosed with SCH and also assessed serum cholesterol in patients with SCH. Results: There were 100 patients in the present study and all were women were between the ages of 40 and 55. Menorrhagia was the most common menstrual disorder seen in the study group, with 56% of patients experiencing it. 32% of patients developed oligomenorrhea, which is one of the most common perimenopausal symptoms. Menstrual irregularities (88%) and weight increase were common symptoms in thyroid insufficiency individuals. (65%), irritation and mood changes (74%) Anxiety and sadness (61%) are the most common symptoms, followed by loss of employment. Sexual libido (5%) Subjects with normal free t3 and t4 but increased serum thyroid-stimulating hormone were classified as SCH. 20 of the patients had SCH, 4 had overt hypothyroidism, and the other 76 were euthyroid. Seventy-five percent of the patients with SCH had hypercholesterolemia when they were diagnosed. Conclusion: We propose that perimenopausal women with or without symptoms be routinely screened based on the findings of this study. Early diagnosis and treatment of these issues will aid in lowering morbidity and preventing subsequent consequences.

Research progress on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with thyroid dysfunction / 中国医师杂志

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting multiple systems and organs, which leads to a variety of comorbidity, including an important impact on the body′s endocrine system comorbidities. COPD comorbidity will affect the severity and prognosis of the disease, and so does thyroid dysfunction. However, the specific mechanism is not clear, and previous studies suggest that hypoxia, inflammatory factors may be involved. However, the treatment of patients with COPD associated with thyroid dysfunction is still controversial. Further understanding of the relationship between this comorbidity and COPD is of great clinical significance. This article reviews the relevant studies, hoping to provide useful ideas for the exploration of the mechanism and treatment of COPD with thyroid dysfunction.

Disfunción tiroidea y diabetes mellitus tipo 1 / Thyroid dysfunction and type 1 diabetes mellitus

Introducción: La diabetes mellitus tipo 1 es una enfermedad autoinmunitaria que se relaciona con alteraciones tiroideas. Objetivo: Describir la relación que existe entre diabetes mellitus tipo 1 y enfermedad tiroidea autoinmune. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura nacional e internacional de los últimos 15 años en bases de datos, en español y en inglés. Se utilizaron las siguientes palabras clave: diabetes mellitus tipo 1, autoinmunidad, enfermad tiroidea autoinmune, disfunción tiroidea y anticuerpos antitiroideos. Análisis e integración de la información: La alteración más frecuente es el hipotiroidismo subclínico y se presenta con mayor frecuencia en el sexo femenino, por lo que se sugiere realizar periódicamente el perfil tiroideo a estos pacientes. Conclusiones: Se debe tener en cuenta en la práctica clínica estas implicaciones para brindar un tratamiento oportuno, mejorar complicaciones derivadas como las enfermedades cardiovasculares y disminuir las cifras de morbilidad y mortalidad(AU)

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease that is related to thyroid abnormalities. Objective: Describe the relationship between type 1 diabetes mellitus and autoimmune thyroid disease. Methods: A review of the national and international literature of the last 15 years was carried out in databases, in Spanish and in English. The following keywords were used: type 1 diabetes mellitus, autoimmune, autoimmune thyroid disease, thyroid dysfunction and antithyroid antibodies. Analysis and integration of information: The most common alteration is subclinical hypothyroidism and it occurs most often in the female sex, so it is suggested to periodically perform the thyroid profile to these patients. Conclusions: These implications should be taken into account in clinical practice to provide timely treatment, improve complications such as cardiovascular disease and reduce morbidity and mortality figures(AU)

Interpretation and thoughts on French Endocrine Society consensus statement on management of thyroid dysfunctions in the elderly / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

In 2020, the French Endocrine Society released a consensus statement on the management of thyroid dysfunction in the elderly. This consensus introduced the physiological evolution of thyroid aging, determined specific reference range of thyroid stimulating hormone in the elderly and provided a standard guidance for diagnosis and treatment of thyroid dysfunction. However, some of these recommendations are still controversial, especially the reference range of thyroid stimulating hormone and interventions for subclinical hypothyroidism in the elderly. Thus, further studies for the elderly in China are reguired in order to promote the standardized management of thyroid dysfunction.

Correlation between preeclampsia and abnormal thyroid function in pregnancy / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the correlation between preeclampsia and thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy.Methods:107 early pregnant women with preeclampsia admitted to our hospital from Jan. 2017 to Jan. 2020 were all enrolled (observation group) . The observation group were in 6-34 gestational weeks, with an average parity of (1.67±0.35) times. In addition, 100 cases of normal pregnant women in the same period were selected as the control group. The control group were in 6-34 gestational weeks, with an average parity of (1.61±0.31) times. The two groups were compared at early, mid and late pregnancy in terms of thyroid function, and the correlation of preeclampsia and abnormal thyroid function was analyzed.Results:1. TSH levels in the observation group were (1.92±1.24) , (2.07±0.82) , and (2.30±1.23) mU/L in the first trimester, second trimester and third trimester, respectively, showing an upward trend. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P=0.024) . FT4 levels of the observation group in the first trimester, second trimester and third trimester were (0.80±0.26) , (0.60±0.34) and (0.59±0.32) pmol/L, respectively, showing a decreased trend and the difference was statistically significant compared with those of the control group ( P=0.012) . 2. The incidence of hypothyroidism, TPOAb positive and reduced free tetraiodothyronine in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P=0.001, 0.023, 0.005) . There was no significant difference in the incidence of hyperthyroidism or subclinical hypothyroidism between the two groups ( P=0.169, 0.846) . 3. Correlation analysis showed that preeclampsia was related to hypothyroidism, normal thyroid function with TPOAb positive and reduced free tetraiodothyronine ( P=0.000, 0.000, 0.000) . Conclusions:There are changes in thyroid function in pregnant women with preeclampsia. Hypothyroidism, positive TPOAb and reduced free tetraiodothyronine are closely related to the onset of preeclampsia.

Research progress of thyroid dysfunctions during treatment with immune-checkpoint inhibitors / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

Thyroid dysfunction (TD) is one of the commonest endocrine immunotherapy-related adverse events (IRAEs) during cancer patients' treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). In the hope that cooperation between departments will be enhanced to alleviate the side effect of immunotherapy which thyroid dysfunctions can cause, this review is contributed to make more endocrinologists and oncologists acknowledge and master clinical characteristics, diagnostic methods and therapeutic strategies of thyroid IRAEs, by the introduction of its pathogenesis, epidemiological features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.

Follow-up study of preterm infants with thyroid dysfunction after medication / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the effect of levothyroxine sodium tablets on the growth and development and thyroid function in preterm infants with thyroid dysfunction.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed for 82 preterm infants who were born in the Department of Obstetrics of the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2017, and these infants were hospitalized after birth in the Department of Neonatology of the hospital. They were regularly followed up to observe growth and development and thyroid function at the outpatient service of the Department of Neonatology. According to thyroid function test results, they were divided into an abnormal thyroid function group (observation group; @*RESULTS@#There were no significant differences in physical development indices (body length, body weight, and head circumference) between the observation and control groups at various gestational ages after follow-up to the corrected age of 12 months (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Early diagnosis and reasonable treatment can reduce the impact on growth and development in preterm infants with thyroid dysfunction. Most preterm infants tend to have transient thyroid dysfunction, while those with positive results of neonatal screening are more likely to develop permanent thyroid dysfunction.

A study of association between thyroid dysfunction and serum anti-mullerian hormone levels in women presenting with infertility

Background: This study was conducted to study the association between thyroid dysfunction and serum AMH levels in women presenting with infertility.Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study including, was conducted at Kamineni hospital fertility clinic among 70 women presenting with infertility during a two year period from May 2016 to April 2018 after fulfilling inclusion criteria.Results: Hypothyroidism was the most common thyroid dysfunction observed in the study participants and subclinical hypothyroidism was seen predominantly. Age of the women did not seem to influence the prevalence of thyroid disease. Low serum AMH indicating poor ovarian reserve was observed in 70% of women over 34yrs suggesting a significant correlation. All the women diagnosed with overt hypothyroidism had low serum AMH levels and half of the women with subclinical hypothyroidism also had low serum AMH levels suggesting a close association between thyroid dysfunction and ovarian reserve. Women with hyperthyroidism had normal AMH levels.Conclusions: Serum AMH levels in infertile patients, were inversely correlated with TSH levels.

Occurrence of subclinical and overt hypothyroidism among chronic kidney disease patients

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the vital health problems worldwide leading to increased global morbidity and mortality. Thyroid dysfunction including hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and non-thyroidal illness has been reported in CKD patients. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of subclinical and overt hypothyroidism among chronic kidney disease patients. This study also tried to correlate thyroid function abnormalities with severity of renal failure.Method: In this observational and cross sectional study, 100 patients of CKD who were admitted in Department of Medicine, Rajendra institute of medical sciences, Ranchi were studied for thyroid function abnormalities. Result: This study found that glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is positively correlated with serum T3 and T4 level (i.e. with decreasing renal function both T3 and T4 levels decreased). Serum creatinine levels were negatively correlated with serum T3 and T4 level.Conclusions: From this study it was established that CKD is associated with thyroid dysfunction characterized by low serum fT3 and fT4 with high TSH in some cases.

Maternal outcome in thyroid dysfunction in admitted antenatal women in tertiary care centre: an observational study

Background: Thyroid disorders constitute one of the most common endocrine disorders in pregnancy. Aim of this study was to identify thyroid dysfunction as a maternal health problem. Objective of this study was to study the maternal outcomes in these patients.Methods: The main source of data are the patients admitted in Sultania Zanana Hospital, GMC Bhopal. The study was an observational prospective study conducted from March 2018 to February 2019.Results: The present study was conducted in department of obstetrics and gynecology, Gandhi Medical College and associated Sultania Zanana Hospital Bhopal for the period of 1 year. The study could enroll 400 females fulfilling the inclusion criteria during the study period.Conclusions: In developing countries like India where there is prominent micronutrient deficiency, iodine deficiency further aggravates the condition and carries a great potential to show deleterious impacts on maternal and fetal outcomes, thus serving a major health problem. Considering the substantial increase in short term as well as long term perinatal morbidity, a felt need for creating awareness not only on adverse outcomes but also detection of the disorder in first trimester is required. The desired perinatal outcome can be achieved by early detection and prompt treatment of the disorder. Henceforth, universal screening of all antenatal women in the first trimester rather than targeted case finding should be recommended at all the health care facilities.

Prevalence of Thyroid Dysfunction in Down’s Syndrome

Introduction: Association of Down’s syndrome and Hypothyroidism is reported since long time. It is difficult to diagnose Hypothyroidism in Down’s syndrome as the symptoms overlap. Different studies reveal different views regarding the association. So in present study we tried to find out the association between Down’ syndrome and Hypothyroidism. Methodology: Present study was conducted at “Down Syndrome care association, Nashik, India”. The study group was 68 known cases of Down’s syndrome. TSH levels were obtained from blood sample at the earliest. Data was analysed statistically. Results: Overall population had 36% cases had high TSH levels. High TSH level in children below 5 years is 24%. The high level of TSH in children of the age group 5 years to 10 years is 46%. And percentage of children above the age of 10 years with high TSH level is 83.34%. Conclusion: Percentage of thyroid dysfunction is defiantly higher in children’s suffering from Down’ syndrome than normal population. Percentage goes higher as the age increases, so periodic check-up of thyroid function is recommended.