Presencia de cresta ósea en la epífisis proximal de la tibia: propuesta para su incorporación en la terminologia anatomica / Presence of a bony crest in the proximal epiphysis of the tibia: proposal for its incorporation in the terminologia anatomica

RESUMEN: La Terminologia Anatomica (TA) presenta las estructuras anatómicas en un lenguaje unificado para todas las estructuras del cuerpo humano. Sin embargo, hay características como algunos accidentes óseos que no se han considerado en las actualizaciones de la TA, ya sean epónimos que no se han relacionado con términos actuales o estructuras descritas clásicamente, como es el caso de una característica ósea que se observa y palpa fácilmente en la epífisis proximal de la tibia, a nivel del cóndilo lateral, uniendo el tubérculo anterolateral de la tibia con la tuberosidad de la misma. Esta característica corresponde a una elevación lineal, descrita como lugar de inserción del tracto iliotibial y del músculo tibial anterior. Basado en lo anterior, se analizaron 65 tibias de individuos Chilenos, adultos, de ambos sexos, 60 pertenecientes a la Universidad de La Frontera y 5 a la Universidad San Sebastián, considerando como criterio de inclusión la integridad del tejido compacto en la epífisis proximal. La revisión de las muestras reveló la presencia de una elevación lineal en el 100 % de los casos, uniendo la tuberosidad de la tibia con el tubérculo anterolateral (Gerdy), no observándose elevación similar desde la tuberosidad de la tibia en dirección al cóndilo medial. Esta elevación es utilizada como referencia en la palpación durante la evaluación de la rodilla. Por las evidencias presentadas, consideramos que esta elevación debe considerarse en la TA como una característica más de la tibia, en base a su disposición lineal y elevada, además de su dirección oblicua desde la tuberosidad de la tibia al tubérculo anterolateral de la misma, por lo que proponemos denominarla como cresta anterolateral de la tibia (Crista anterolateralis tibiae).

SUMMARY: Anatomical Terminology (AT) presents anatomical structures in a unified language for all structures of the human body. However, there are characteristics such as some bone accidents that have not been considered in the TA updates, whether they are eponyms that have not been related to current terms or classically described structures, as is the case of a characteristic bone that is easily observed and palpated in the proximal epiphysis of the tibia, at the level of the lateral condyle, joining the anterolateral tubercle of the tibia with the tuberosity of the tibia. This characteristic corresponds to a linear elevation, described as the insertion site of the iliotibial tract and the tibialis anterior muscle. Based on the above, 65 tibiae from Chilean individuals, adults, of both sexes, 60 belonging to the Universidad de La Frontera and 5 from the Universidad San Sebastián were analyzed, considering as an inclusion criterion the integrity of the compact tissue in the epiphysis proximal. The review of the samples revealed the presence of a linear elevation in 100 % of the cases, joining the tibial tuberosity with the anterolateral tubercle (Gerdy), not observing similar elevation from the tibial tuberosity in the direction of the medial condyle. This elevation is used as a reference for palpation during knee evaluation. Based on the evidence presented, we consider that this elevation should be considered in TA as one more characteristic of the tibia, based on its linear and elevated disposition, in addition to its oblique direction from the tibial tuberosity to the anterolateral tubercle of the tibia, for what we propose to call it the Crista anterolateralis tibiae (anterolateral crest of the tibia).

Does heteropterys aphrodisiaca administration andendurance training alter bones of mature rats?

Heteropterys aphrodisiaca infusion, alone or associated with endurance training, was investigated in rat bonesin relation to their mechanical properties, collagen content and morphology. Male rats were divided into fourgroups (n = 8): CS- control sedentary, HS- H. aphrodisiaca sedentary, CT–control trained, HT‑H. aphrodisiacatrained. The training protocol consisted in running on a motorized treadmill, 5 times a week, for 8 weeks,with weekly increase in treadmill velocity and duration. Control groups received water while HS and HTgroups received H. aphrodisiaca infusion (104 mg/animal) by gavage during the 8 weeks. Tibiae werefrozen for collagen dosage and biomechanical analysis or preserved in Karnovsky’s fixative, then processedfor histomorphological analysis by conventional light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. TheHT group showed significantly higher yield load and yield stress in the tibiae three-point bending test. Themaximum load, stiffness, maximum stress and elastic modulus were statistically similar for the experimentalgroups. The hydroxyproline content, morphometrical and stereological data were not significantly differentfor the four groups. Scanning electron microscopy showed more lacunae and Havers canals in the bone oftrained animals, moreover the osteons were more disorganized, when compared with sedentary groups. Thesealterations may indicate that the bone of trained animals was being remodeled. However, after 8 weeks oftraining, it was not possible verify alterations in morphometrical measurements, collagen content, stiffness andmodulus of elasticity of the trained and treated animals.

The soleal line in Thais.

A study on the soleal line was performed in 273 tibiae, 136 right and 137 left. The soleal line commences at a point 1-2 cm. below the fibular facet in 83.2 percent of the subjects. It ends slightly below the junction of the upper third with the middle third of the tibia in 85.0 percent of the cases. It generally shows mixed characteristics of a liner line, a wide line, a ridge or a groove in 82.4 percent. Right side or left side of either sex has no difference in accordance with this line. It appears as a ridge in male more than in female and shows a line in female more than in male. In males the characteristic of a ridge was found mostly at the lower third. Totally, the ridge character appears mostly in subjects of 40-49 of years of age, and the degree of the ridge is highest in this age range. The characteristic of a groove was found generally in the middle third, in 4.03 percent of the subjects.

The Changes in Flexibilities of Rabbits' Tibiae in the Growign Period / 대한정형외과학회잡지

In order to define the changes of mechanical properties of bone tissue in the growing period, 90 rabbits' tibiae were loaded in 3-point bending. Emphasis was given to the accurate measurement of maximum angulation degrees within the limit of elastic deformation. Young's modulus of elasticity increased with increasing body weight, and the increments of bending stiffness were more prominent. In rabbits of low body weights, the tibiae absorbed more energy before fracture occurred and plastic deformation after fracture occurred more frequently. The mean values and standard deviations of the maximum angulation were 9.84±1.33 degree in Group 1 (range of body weight: 800–1200g), 7.55±0.85 degrees in Group 2 (range of BW: 1600–2000g), and 5.90±0.78 degrees in Group 3 (range of BW: 2400–2800g), These data may support that the allowable maximum angular deformity in treatment of fracture should be adjusted according to the increase of body weight-in other words, maturation.