Tubérculo de Gerdy: una estructura olvidada en la terminología anatómica internacional / Gerdy's tubercle: a forgotten structure in the international anatomical terminology

En la enseñanza de la anatomía, el uso de los epónimos es cada vez más escaso, sin embargo su uso aún es evidente incluso en la literatura actualizada, en este caso el uso del epónimo se acompaña generalmente del término correcto según la Terminología Anatómica Internacional (TAI). El denominado "Tubérculo de Gerdy" (TG) es un epónimo ampliamente usado en la literatura y la comunidad científica para denominar un reparo óseo ubicado en el cóndilo lateral de la tibia, corresponde a un referente anatómico y clínico importante para inserción de músculos, ligamentos y procedimientos medicoquirúrgicos de la rodilla. A pesar de esta amplia denominación, y en comparación con otros epónimos, la TAI no la incluye y no relaciona algún término oficial con esta estructura anatómica. El objetivo del trabajo fue revisar libros usados en la enseñanza de la anatomía y artículos científicos actualizados para ver la presencia y descripción de esta estructura a fin de proponer un término que se ajuste a los principios básicos de la Terminología Anatómica Internacional en concordancia con la tarea del Programa Federativo Internacional de Terminología Anatómica (FIPAT), organismo de la Federación Internacional de Asociaciones de Anatomistas (IFAA). El TG se describe como una estructura ubicada entre la tuberosidad de la tibia y la cabeza de la fíbula, refiriéndose a él con sinónimos como tubérculo del músculo tibial anterior, tubérculo del músculo tensor de la fascia lata, tubérculo del tracto iliotibial y tubérculo anterolateral de la tibia. En revistas morfológicas aparece en artículos actuales relacionados al ligamento anterolateral. Según la descripción de la literatura proponemos como término anatómico para esta estructura "Tuberculum anterolateralis tibiae", cuya traducción es usada como sinónimo por otros autores, ajustándose así a los principios básicos de la TAI. Pretendemos que estos antecedentes sean discutidos por los expertos que conforman el FIPAT.

In teaching anatomy, the use of eponyms is increasingly scarce. Nonetheless, eponyms remain evident in updated literature, in this case the use of the eponym is accompanied by the correct term according to the International Anatomical terminology (TAI) Gerdy´s tubercle (GT) is an eponym widely used in the literature and scientific community to name a lateral tubercle of the tibia. It is an insertion site of muscles and ligaments and an important anatomical reference in knee surgical procedures. Despite its importance, it is not included in the International Anatomical Terminology (IAT) and an official name for this structure is lacking. The aim of this work was to review classic books used in the anatomy teaching and recent scientific papers, and further, to propose an anatomical term for the Gerdy tubercle that fit IAT basic principles, in agreement with the International Federal Program of Anatomical Terminology (IFPAT), and organism that is part of the International Federation of Anatomist Associations (IFAA). The TG is described as a structure located between the tuberosity of the tibia and the head of the fibula, referring to it with synonyms such as tubercle of the anterior tibia, tubercle of the tensor fascia lata, tubercle of iliotibial tract and anterolateral tibial tubercle. In morphological journals it appears in current articles related to the anterolateral ligament. We propose as an anatomical term for the Gerdy´s tubercle the name of "Tuberculum anterolteralis tibiae" its translation is used as a synonym by other authors and fits the basic principles of TAI. We hope that this information be considered by the experts that make up the FIPAT.

Features of Surface Electromyographic Signal of Tibial Anterior Muscle and Gastrocnemius Muscle in the Stroke Patients when Sitting and Standing / 中国康复理论与实践

@# Objective To analyze the features of surface electromyography (sEMG) signal of the tibial anterior muscle and gastrocnemius muscle in the stroke patients when sitting and standing.Methods Fifteen stroke patients and fifteen normal subjects were involved in this study. All subjects were asked to stand up and sit down. It repeated five times continuously. The electromyographic signals were collected by surface electrode and then processed by linear time and frequency domain method.Results In sitting position, tibial anterior muscle had significant differences in mean power frequency and median frequency ( P<0.05) when the paretic and non-paretic lower limb, the non-paretic lower limb in stroke patients and in normal subjects were compared. The gastrocnemius muscle had notable differences ( P<0.05) in root mean square when the non-paretic lower limb in stroke patients and in normal subjects were compared. In standing position, tibial anterior muscle also had significant differences in root mean square and integrated electromyography ( P<0.05) as the same frequency domain comparing as above. The gastrocnemius muscle had notable differences on time domain, when the paretic and non-paretic lower limb, the paretic lower limb in stroke patients and the limb in normal subjects were compared ( P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion sEMG is a brief, applied, feasible assessment method in rehabilitation.