ABSTRACT
Based on the data mining for external application technology of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) tinctures, combined with the clinical practical application research, the clinical technical specification (draft) for TCM tinctures was formed by the experts from the external treatment branch have demonstrated for many times, including clinical applicable scope, operation procedures, methods of application, dose, frequency, time, precautions, adverse reactions and the nursing key points. It is expected to standardize the clinical application of TCM tinctures, improve the efficacy of this preparation, and reduce its adverse reactions.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to characterize tinctures and microcapsules loaded with an ethanol extract of red propolis through chemical, physicochemical and microbiological assays in order to establish quality control tools for nutraceutical preparations of red propolis. The markers (isoflavonoids, chalcones, pterocarpans, flavones, phenolic acids, terpenes and guttiferones) present in the tinctures A and B were identified and confirmed using LC/ESI/FTMS/Orbitrap. Four compositions (A, B, C and D) were prepared to contain B tincture of the red propolis with some pharmaceutical excipients and submitted to two drying processes, i. e. spray-drying and freeze-drying to obtain microcapsules loaded with the red propolis extract. The tinctures and microcapsules of the red propolis were submitted to the total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity tests. The antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were tested using Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25293 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 strains. The tinctures and microcapsules presented high flavonoid quantities from 20.50 to 40.79 mg/100 mg of the microcapsules. The antioxidant activity and IC50 were determined for the tinctures A and B (IC50: 6.95 μg/mL and 7.48 μg/mL), the spray-dried microcapsules (IC50: 8.89–15.63 μg/mL) and the freeze-dried microcapsules (IC50: 11.83–23.36 μg/mL). The tinctures and microcapsules were proved to be bioactive against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria with inhibition halos superior to 10 mm at concentration of 200 μg/mL and MIC values of 135.87–271.74 μg/mL using gram-positive strain and 271.74–543.48 μg/mL using gram-negative strain. The tinctures and microcapsules of the red propolis have a potential application for nutraceutical products.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to characterize tinctures and microcapsules loaded with an ethanol extract of red propolis through chemical, physicochemical and microbiological assays in order to establish quality control tools for nutraceutical preparations of red propolis. The markers (isoflavonoids, chalcones, pterocarpans, flavones, phenolic acids, terpenes and guttiferones) present in the tinctures A and B were identified and confirmed using LC/ESI/FTMS/Orbitrap. Four compositions (A, B, C and D) were prepared to contain B tincture of the red propolis with some pharmaceutical excipients and submitted to two drying processes, i. e. spray-drying and freeze-drying to obtain microcapsules loaded with the red propolis extract. The tinctures and microcapsules of the red propolis were submitted to the total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity tests. The antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were tested using Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25293 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 strains. The tinctures and microcapsules presented high flavonoid quantities from 20.50 to 40.79 mg/100 mg of the microcapsules. The antioxidant activity and IC50 were determined for the tinctures A and B (IC50: 6.95 μg/mL and 7.48 μg/mL), the spray-dried microcapsules (IC50: 8.89–15.63 μg/mL) and the freeze-dried microcapsules (IC50: 11.83–23.36 μg/mL). The tinctures and microcapsules were proved to be bioactive against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria with inhibition halos superior to 10 mm at concentration of 200 μg/mL and MIC values of 135.87–271.74 μg/mL using gram-positive strain and 271.74–543.48 μg/mL using gram-negative strain. The tinctures and microcapsules of the red propolis have a potential application for nutraceutical products.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To establish a quality control standard for psoraleae fructus tinctures. Methods:The identification was de-tected by TLC on silica gel G plates with hexane-ethyl acetate (8∶2) as the developing solvent. An HPLC method was applied in the quantitative determination of psoralen and isopsoralen as the effective components. The analytical column was Intersil ODS-3 (250 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm) with methanol-water(45∶55) as the mobile phase;the flow rate was 1 ml·min-1;the detection wavelength was at 246 nm and the column temperature was set at 35℃. Results:The characteristic spots for psoralen and isopsoralen were identified by TLC. The concentration of psoralen showed good linearity within the range of 4. 88-187. 50μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 9)and the average re-covery was 102. 63% and RSD was 0. 43%. The concentration of isopsoralen showed good linearity within the range of 4. 25-163. 20μg ·ml-1(r=0. 999 9), and the average recovery was 102. 37% and RSD was 1. 13%. Conclusion: The qualitative and quantitative methods are simple, accurate, feasible and repeatable, which can be used in the quality control of psoraleae fructus tinctures.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To develop an HPLC-DAD-ELSD method for the determination of nitidine chloride, 5-ethoxychelerythrine, bergeninum and ardisiacrispin A in Shangtong tinctures ( STD) . Methods: A Hypersil C18 column was used as the chromatographic column, the flow rate was 0. 8 ml·min-1 . For nitidine chloride and 5-ethoxychelerythrine, the mobile phase A consisted of acetoni-trile,the mobile phase B consisted of 0. 1% formic acid-triethylamine (pH 4. 5),and the DAD detection wavelength was at 273 nm. For bergeninum and ardisiacrispin A, the mobile phase consisted of methanol-water(25∶75), the temperature of drift tube was set at 95℃, and the gas flow (N2) was set at 2. 5 SLPM·min-1. Results:There was a good linear relationship between the concentration and peak area for nitidine chloride and 5-ethoxychelerythrine within the range of 0. 021-0. 426 μg (r=0. 999 5) and 0. 075-1. 494 μg (r=0. 999 8), respectively. The average recovery was 99. 22%(RSD=0. 64%) and 98. 61%(RSD=0. 46%), respectively. There was a good linear relationship between the concentration and peak area for bergeninum and ardisiacrispin A within the range of 0. 215-4. 304 μg(r=0. 999 3) and 0. 286-5. 728 μg(r=0. 999 7), respectively. The average recovery was 99. 15%(RSD=0. 77%) and 99. 25%(RSD=0. 56%) accordingly. Conclusion:The method is accurate, sensitive and reproducible, and can be used in the de-termination of nitidine chloride, 5-ethoxychelerythrine, bergeninum and ardisiacrispin A in STD.
ABSTRACT
O consumo de café tem sido associado ao menor risco de diabetes tipo 2 (DM2). Evidências epidemiológicas sugerem que o alto consumo de café pode reduzir o risco de diabetes mellitus. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de tinturas de café torrado e moído nos níveis plasmáticos de colesterol, trigliceróis e glicose em ratos diabéticos. A indução do diabetes foi realizada através da administração intraperitoneal de aloxano e as tinturas foram elaboradas utilizando café torrado e moído. Após 30 dias de tratamento, foram realizadas determinações bioquímicas. As tinturas de café solúvel promoveram aumento nos níveis de colesterol e as percentagens de redução das concentrações de glicose e triacilglicerídeo variaram entre 20 e 24% e entre 51 a 57%, respectivamente. A partir dos resultados obtidos, concluiu-se que os tratamentos com o café solúvel sustentam a hipótese de que o café está associado ao menor risco de DM2.
The consumption of coffee has been associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes (DM). Epidemiological evidence suggests that high consumption of coffee may reduce the risk of diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a tincture (hydroethanolic extract) of roasted and ground coffee on plasma levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose in diabetic rats. The diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal administration of alloxan. The induced diabetic rats were then treated for 30 days by gavage with various doses of the coffee tincture. After the treatment, biochemical blood tests were carried out on the rats. The coffee tincture provoked moderately increased levels of cholesterol, but the concentrations of glucose and triglycerides were reduced by 20-24% and 51-57%, respectively. From these results, it was concluded that the treatment with coffee extract supports the hypothesis that coffee is associated with a lower risk of type 2 DM.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Alloxan , Coffee , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental , Mother Tincture , Diabetes Mellitus/therapy , Mother Tincture , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Las plantas Quassia amara y Maytenus ilicifolia son conocidas por sus propiedades terapéuticas sobre el aparato digestivo. En el presente trabajo ambas plantas se investigaron unidas, mediante la mezcla de las tinturas obtenidas, con el objetivo de potenciar su acción como fitofármaco. Este estudio resumió las propiedades físico-químicas de las tinturas obtenidas por percolación, con el empleo de una solución hidroalcóholica al 60 % y un tiempo de extracción de 48 h en 2 variantes: 1) mezclas de las tinturas obtenidas de cada planta, al 20 % en una proporción de 10-90 % (QA-MI), la cual se denominó tintura C. 2) Mezcla del material vegetal de ambas plantas en las mismas proporciones anteriores, en el equipo, para obtener la tintura D. Los parámetros evaluados en ambas tinturas (pH, densidad relativa, índice de refracción, sólidos totales), se compararon estadísticamente. Se comprobó que solo los sólidos totales ofrecen diferencias significativas, con valores superiores en la tintura D, la cual fue seleccionada para el estudio de estabilidad. El extracto D se estudió durante 3 meses a 3 temperaturas diferentes: refrigeración, ambiente y 40 °C. Se comprobó que en refrigeración no ocurren cambios en los parámetros evaluados y en las otras temperaturas aparecen ligeros cambios en pH y contenido alcohólico.
The Quassia amara and Maytenus ilicifolia plants are known by its therapeutical properties on digestive tract. In present paper both plants were researched together by means of mixing of tinctures obtained to potentiate its phytopharmacologic action. Present study summarizes the physical-chemical properties of tinctures obtained by percolation using a 60 %-hydroalcoholic solution and a extraction time of 48 hrs in two variants: 1) mixtures of tinctures obtained from each plant to 20 % at a 10-90 % ratio (QA-MI), which was called C-tincture, the mixture of vegetal material in both plants in the same prior ratios in equipment, to obtain D-tincture. Parameters assessed in both tinctures (pH, relative density, refraction rate, total solids) were statistically compared. It was proved that total solids have significant differences with higher values present in D-tincture, which was selected for stability study. D-extract was studied during three months at different temperatures: refrigeration, room-temperature and at 40 ºC. In refrigeration temperature there are not changes in parameters assessed and in the other temperatures there appear slight changes in pH and alcoholic content.
ABSTRACT
Como conseqüência da grande difusão e utilização de plantas medicinais, as indústrias vêm fabricando produtos a base de espécies vegetais, de diversas formas farmacêuticas, que têm sido comercializados em farmácias e casas de produtos naturais. No entanto, não há garantia para a grande maioria destes produtos, quanto à sua eficácia, segurança e qualidade, podendo trazer riscos à saúde do consumidor. Assim, torna-se importante o estabelecimento de protocolos padronizados de controle de qualidade para produtos fitoterápicos. Encontram-se disponíveis no mercado brasileiro tinturas de barbatimão provenientes de diversos fabricantes. Com a finalidade de avaliar a diferença entre a qualidade destas tinturas, foi realizado um estudo comparativo das características físico-químicas e fitoquímicas de tinturas de barbatimão provenientes de quatro fabricantes. Para a avaliação físico-química foram realizados ensaios de pH, densidade, resíduo seco e doseamento de taninos. A análise fitoquímica foi feita empregando cromatografia em camada delgada. As diferenças físico-químicas e fitoquímicas observadas evidenciaram a falta de padronização na produção destas tinturas.
As a consequence of the large distribution and use of medicinal plants, the industries are producing products based on plant species in various pharmaceutical forms, which have been commercialized in pharmacies and natural products homes. However, there is no guarantee for the vast majority of these products, as to their effectiveness, safety and quality, which may cause risks to the health of consumers. Therefore it is important the establishment of standardized protocols of quality control for phytotherapeutic products. Tinctures of barbatimão are available in the Brazilian market proceeding from diverse manufacturers. With the purpose to evaluate the difference between the quality of tinctures of barbatimão proceeding from four manufacturers, a comparative study of physico-chemical and phytochemical characteristics was carried out. For physico-chemical analysis, the pH, density, dry residue and tannins content were evaluated. The phytochemical analysis was made using thin layer chromatography. The differences observed in physico-chemical and phytochemical characteristics had evidenced the lack of standardization in the production of these tinctures.
Subject(s)
Mother Tincture , Quality Control , Stryphnodendron barbatimam/analysis , Plants, MedicinalABSTRACT
O presente trabalho descreve a avaliação da atividade antioxidante pela metodologia do radical livre DPPH de tinturas comerciais obtidas de farmácias com manipulação indicadas para os mais variados tipos de doença que apresentam em maior ou menor grau, alguma etiologia fundamentada em excesso de radicais livres. Foi interessante notar uma sincronia entre a família a que a planta de determinada tintura pertence, com suas substâncias químicas e a atividade antioxidante esperada. Para os casos em que isso não ocorreu, pode-se verificar através de métodos cromatográficos que as tinturas não haviam sido preparadas de forma adequada ou se tratava de falsificações.
This work describes the antioxidant evaluation through the DPPH free radical methodology of commercial available tinctures indicated for different diseases and purchased in commercial pharmacies. All of those diseases have always being caused by excess or accumulation of free radicals. It was noteworthy the coherence between the botany family in which the plant of each tincture is inserted as well as its chemical composition with the antioxidant activity observed. In the cases where this statement could not be shown, it was proved by chromatographic methods that the tinctures were not properly prepared or even it constituted a case of adulteration.