ABSTRACT
In recent years, some organism species are appearing popularly in the tobacco in Cao Bang province, Vietnam, and caused severe damage to the tobacco yield and quality such as budworm (Helicoverpa assulta Guene), aphid (Myzus persicea Sulzer), and powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum D.C). To manage them effectively, forecasting and controlling insect pests play an important role in tobacco cultivation. The predictive model was built base on the Skybit, Fuzzy, and Degree-days model to forecast and give suitable control methods for major insect pests in tobacco. This model is run on Excel software and calculated by an IF function for the growth of the organism. Result of the model predicted accurately the tobacco budworm, aphids, and powdery mildew damaging tobacco in Cao Bang in April 2022. Based on the results of prediction, we give proper control methods for each insect pests, preventing the quick growth and development of the organism species in the field, reducing the use of pesticides, and increasing the income of the growers. This model has also applied to forecast other pests in the tobacco in Vietnam. To increase the quality of the prediction, the model will continue to be perfected and completed in the coming years based on the practice field.
ABSTRACT
O objetivo do trabalho foi, através de medidas de consumo e utilização de alimento, determinar, entre 25 e 30ºC, qual a temperatura mais adequada para criação de Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), Diatraea saccharalis (Fabr.) e Heliothis virescens (Fabr.) em dieta artificial. Foram estudadas 50 lagartas por espécie, individualizadas em recipientes de vidro de 8,5 cm de comprimento x 2,5 cm de diâmetro e mantidas a 25 e 30ºC, UR de 60±10 por cento e fotofase de 14h. Foram determinados, com base em matéria seca, o peso de lagarta no máximo desenvolvimento, do alimento consumido e das fezes eliminadas, e os índices nutricionais: taxa de consumo relativo (RCR), taxa de crescimento relativo (RGR), taxa metabólica relativa (RMR), digestibilidade aparente (AD), eficiência de conversão do alimento ingerido (ECI) e eficiência de conversão do alimento digerido (ECD). Para S. frugiperda a condição térmica mais adequada foi a de 30ºC, por proporcionar maior peso no máximo desenvolvimento, maior ganho de peso, maior razão de crescimento, maior ECI, maior ECD e menor custo metabólico. Por outro lado, tanto para H. virescens como para D. saccharalis, não houve diferença nos índices nutricionais, avaliados nas duas condições térmicas. Assim, por uma geração, e baseando-se em índices nutricionais, a temperatura mais elevada é recomendada para manutenção de S. frugiperda em laboratório. Para as outras espécies, é indiferente criá-las a 25 ou a 30ºC.
The goal of this work was to determine the most suitable temperature for rearing Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), Diatraea saccharalis (Fabr.) and Heliothis virescens (Fabr.) in artificial diet, by means of measures of food intake and utilization between 25 and 30ºC. Fifty worms per species, individualized and kept in 8.5 cm long and 2.5 cm diameter glass containers were studied at the temperatures mentioned, 60±10 percent RH, and 14 hour photophase. Based on dry matter, one determined worm weight at maximum development, food consumed and feces eliminated at both conditions (25 and 30ºC) and the nutritional ratios: relative consumption ratio (RCR), relative growth ratio (RGR), relative metabolic ratio (RMR), approximate digestibility (AD), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) and efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD). The most suitable temperature for S. frugiperda was 30ºC since it provided higher weight at the maximum development, higher weight gain, higher growth ratio, higher ECI, higher ECD, and lower metabolic cost. On the other hand, no differences regarding nutritional rates were observed for either H. virescens or D. saccharalis evaluated at both thermal conditions. Thus, for one generation and based on nutritional rates, the highest temperature (30ºC) is recommended for laboratory maintenance of S. frugiperda. As for the other species, rearing at 25 or 30ºC is indifferent.