ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to investigate impact of increased tobacco price in 2015 on the adult smoking rate in South Korea. METHODS: This study used 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2013 to 2015. Total 14,860 adults were included in the analysis. The chi-square test, univariate- and multivariate survey logistic regressions, and subgroup analysis were conducted. RESULTS: Results show that adult smoking rate before price increase were 19.08% and after price increase were 16.69%. Adjusted by variables associated with smoking behavior and others, multivariate survey logistic regressions revealed that smoking rate decreased after introduction of increased tobacco price policy (odds ratio [OR], 0.745; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.575 to 0.967) and the impact was different by various social status (male: OR, 0.688; 95% CI, 0.523 to 0.905; age over 60: OR, 0.487; 95% CI, 0.315 to 0.754; rural area: OR, 0.531; 95% CI, 0.309 to 0.912; household income Q1: OR, 0.593; 95% CI, 0.352 to 0.999; household income Q4, OR, 0.616; 95% CI, 0.386 to 0.983). CONCLUSION: The study revealed decreased smoking rate after increased tobacco price policy and different trend depending on various social characteristics. We recommend that government agencies and policy makers should pursue tobacco price control policy continuously and population specific manner and concurrently non-price policy should be implemented as well.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Administrative Personnel , Family Characteristics , Government Agencies , Korea , Logistic Models , Nutrition Surveys , Smoke , Smoking , Sociological Factors , NicotianaABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to investigate impact of increased tobacco price in 2015 on the adult smoking rate in South Korea. METHODS: This study used 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2013 to 2015. Total 14,860 adults were included in the analysis. The chi-square test, univariate- and multivariate survey logistic regressions, and subgroup analysis were conducted. RESULTS: Results show that adult smoking rate before price increase were 19.08% and after price increase were 16.69%. Adjusted by variables associated with smoking behavior and others, multivariate survey logistic regressions revealed that smoking rate decreased after introduction of increased tobacco price policy (odds ratio [OR], 0.745; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.575 to 0.967) and the impact was different by various social status (male: OR, 0.688; 95% CI, 0.523 to 0.905; age over 60: OR, 0.487; 95% CI, 0.315 to 0.754; rural area: OR, 0.531; 95% CI, 0.309 to 0.912; household income Q1: OR, 0.593; 95% CI, 0.352 to 0.999; household income Q4, OR, 0.616; 95% CI, 0.386 to 0.983). CONCLUSION: The study revealed decreased smoking rate after increased tobacco price policy and different trend depending on various social characteristics. We recommend that government agencies and policy makers should pursue tobacco price control policy continuously and population specific manner and concurrently non-price policy should be implemented as well.
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Administrative Personnel , Family Characteristics , Government Agencies , Korea , Logistic Models , Nutrition Surveys , Smoke , Smoking , Sociological Factors , NicotianaABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The intention among Korean youth smokers to smoke consistently even after tobacco prices may rise in the future may be associated with tobacco dependence. METHODS: Data for 8,988 Korean youth smokers from the 2011 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey were used in this study. A chi-square test was used to analyze smoking behavior changes after increase in tobacco price by socioeconomic characteristics, tobacco-related characteristics, and quality of life-related characteristics. Logistic regression was used to assess the factors related to existing smokers' intention to smoke consistently should tobacco price increase in the future. RESULTS: Of all smoking adolescents, 26.6% had no intention to quit smoking even if the tobacco price were to rise in the future. Logistic regression analysis showed the following significant factors related to intention to continue smoking after an increase in price: age (odds ratio [OR], 0.93), amount of smoking (2-9 vs. or =10 vs. < or =1 cigarettes per day OR, 4.84), daily smoker (OR, 2.73), experience with electronic cigarette (OR, 1.17), attempt to quit smoking (no vs. yes OR, 2.32), age at trying to smoke (before or at elementary vs. high school OR, 1.31), exposure to anti-smoking campaign (no vs. yes OR, 1.20), anti-smoking education (no vs. yes OR, 1.21), happiness (low vs. high OR, 1.31), depression (OR, 1.13), and suicidal ideations (OR, 1.30). CONCLUSIONS: Those with the intention to continue to smoke even after an increase in tobacco price have high tobacco dependence. Therefore, policy makers need to enforce not only price policies but also those unrelated to price, such as smoking cessation programs to help youth smokers quit smoking.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Administrative Personnel , Depression , Electronics , Electrons , Happiness , Intention , Korea , Logistic Models , Risk-Taking , Smoke , Smoking , Smoking Cessation , Suicidal Ideation , Nicotiana , Tobacco Products , Tobacco Use DisorderABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The intention among Korean youth smokers to smoke consistently even after tobacco prices may rise in the future may be associated with tobacco dependence. METHODS: Data for 8,988 Korean youth smokers from the 2011 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey were used in this study. A chi-square test was used to analyze smoking behavior changes after increase in tobacco price by socioeconomic characteristics, tobacco-related characteristics, and quality of life-related characteristics. Logistic regression was used to assess the factors related to existing smokers' intention to smoke consistently should tobacco price increase in the future. RESULTS: Of all smoking adolescents, 26.6% had no intention to quit smoking even if the tobacco price were to rise in the future. Logistic regression analysis showed the following significant factors related to intention to continue smoking after an increase in price: age (odds ratio [OR], 0.93), amount of smoking (2-9 vs. or =10 vs. < or =1 cigarettes per day OR, 4.84), daily smoker (OR, 2.73), experience with electronic cigarette (OR, 1.17), attempt to quit smoking (no vs. yes OR, 2.32), age at trying to smoke (before or at elementary vs. high school OR, 1.31), exposure to anti-smoking campaign (no vs. yes OR, 1.20), anti-smoking education (no vs. yes OR, 1.21), happiness (low vs. high OR, 1.31), depression (OR, 1.13), and suicidal ideations (OR, 1.30). CONCLUSIONS: Those with the intention to continue to smoke even after an increase in tobacco price have high tobacco dependence. Therefore, policy makers need to enforce not only price policies but also those unrelated to price, such as smoking cessation programs to help youth smokers quit smoking.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Administrative Personnel , Depression , Electronics , Electrons , Happiness , Intention , Korea , Logistic Models , Risk-Taking , Smoke , Smoking , Smoking Cessation , Suicidal Ideation , Nicotiana , Tobacco Products , Tobacco Use DisorderABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The intention among Korean youth smokers to smoke consistently even after tobacco prices may rise in the future may be associated with tobacco dependence. METHODS: Data for 8,988 Korean youth smokers from the 2011 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey were used in this study. A chi-square test was used to analyze smoking behavior changes after increase in tobacco price by socioeconomic characteristics, tobacco-related characteristics, and quality of life-related characteristics. Logistic regression was used to assess the factors related to existing smokers' intention to smoke consistently should tobacco price increase in the future. RESULTS: Of all smoking adolescents, 26.6% had no intention to quit smoking even if the tobacco price were to rise in the future. Logistic regression analysis showed the following significant factors related to intention to continue smoking after an increase in price: age (odds ratio [OR], 0.93), amount of smoking (2-9 vs. or =10 vs. < or =1 cigarettes per day OR, 4.84), daily smoker (OR, 2.73), experience with electronic cigarette (OR, 1.17), attempt to quit smoking (no vs. yes OR, 2.32), age at trying to smoke (before or at elementary vs. high school OR, 1.31), exposure to anti-smoking campaign (no vs. yes OR, 1.20), anti-smoking education (no vs. yes OR, 1.21), happiness (low vs. high OR, 1.31), depression (OR, 1.13), and suicidal ideations (OR, 1.30). CONCLUSIONS: Those with the intention to continue to smoke even after an increase in tobacco price have high tobacco dependence. Therefore, policy makers need to enforce not only price policies but also those unrelated to price, such as smoking cessation programs to help youth smokers quit smoking.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Administrative Personnel , Depression , Electronics , Electrons , Happiness , Intention , Korea , Logistic Models , Risk-Taking , Smoke , Smoking , Smoking Cessation , Suicidal Ideation , Nicotiana , Tobacco Products , Tobacco Use DisorderABSTRACT
Objective To explore the behaviors of smokers as well as the tobacco consumption in Jiangxi province.Impact regarding the increases of tobacco retail price on the smoking behaviors among cigarette consumers was also studied.Data was provided for further development on measurements including legislation,taxing and increasing the retail price on tobacco.Methods 805 residents above 15 year-olds were chosen through random clustered sampling,and face to face interviewed,in Shangrao and Yichun of Jiangxi province.A chart was drawn to show the relationship between the change of smoking behavior and the increase of sales price of tobacco.Results The average rate of smoking was 27.08％ (46.62％ for males and 3.05％ for females).16.06％ (35/218) of the smokers had ever tried to quit smoking but failed.The years of smoking ranged from 1 year to 50 years,with 96.33％ of the smokers purchased cigarettes on their own.Price of the cigarette ranged from 15 to 30 RMB per package,and smokers usually spent on average 192 RMB which accounted 13％ of their monthly income,per month.According to the chart,if the cigarette price had a 50％ increase,it would lead to 45％ of the smokers reduce the number of cigarette consumption with another 5％ of the smokers attempt to quit smoking.If cigarette price had an increase by 2 times,50％ of the smokers would attempt to quit smoking.So the chart could be used to estimate the percentage of smokers' behavior change according to the increase of tobacco's sales price.Conclusion The cconomy burden of tobacco consumption among cigarette smokers was huge,suggesting that the Chinese smokers did need to change their smoking behavior.Chinese government should develop tobacco-related legislations and laws and set proper cigarette tax,hopefully this could reduce the number of smokers in a long run.