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1.
Rev. habanera cienc. méd ; 15(5): 782-793, set.-oct. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-845237

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El hábito de fumar se inicia y establece particularmente en la adolescencia y la juventud. Los efectos nocivos sobre la cavidad bucal son variados y su conocimiento es importante para realizar acciones educativas. Objetivos: Identificar los comportamientos y conocimientos sobre el hábito de fumar en adolescentes del Preuniversitario José Martí Pérez, del municipio Habana Vieja, y diseñar un programa educativo. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, en 53 estudiantes. Las variables estudiadas fueron: sexo, tiempo de consumo, número de cigarrillos, razones por las que fuma. Se aplicó una encuesta. Resultados: El 90,5 por ciento de los estudiantes practicaba el hábito de fumar, 62,2 por ciento consumía de 5-10 cigarrillos diarios, 39,5 por ciento practicaba de 2-5 meses. Los principales motivos que los impulsaban eran compartir con amigos en las fiestas(22,9 por ciento) y porque les gusta y les satisface(20,8 por ciento). El 85,4 por ciento desconocía el efecto sobre las encías y 68,7 por ciento no sabía que causa lesiones premalignas. Más de 50 por ciento desconocía otros efectos nocivos sobre la salud bucal. Se diseñó un programa educativo. Conclusiones: La mayoría de la población estudiada practica el hábito de fumar. Predomina el sexo masculino, el consumo de 5-10 cigarrillos diarios, y llevar fumando de 2-6 meses. Prevalecen como motivos, el compartir con amigos en las fiestas, y porque les gusta y satisface. Impera el desconocimiento del efecto perjudicial sobre la salud bucal. El programa educativo diseñado debe elevar los conocimientos sobre los efectos dañinos del cigarro y lograr el abandono del hábito(AU)


Introduction: The habit of smoking begins and it settles down in early stages of the life, particularly during adolescence and youth. The effects on the oral cavity are diverse and their knowledge is important to carry out educational actions. Objectives: To identify the behaviors and the knowledge of the habit of smoking in the adolescents of the Pre-university School Jose Marti Perez, of Old Havana municipality, and to design an educational program. Material and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in 53 students. The studied variables were: sex, time of consumption, number of cigarettes, reasons for smoke. The information was obtained by means of the application of a survey. Results: 90,5 percent of the studied population practices the habit of smoking, 62,2 percent consumes 5-10 cigarettes daily, 39,5 percent being smoking between 2 and 5 months. The reasons that encourage them to begin in the tobaccoism were: to share with friends in the parties (22, 9 percent), and because they like it and it satisfies them (20,8 percent); while 85,4 percent ignored the effect on the gums and 68,7 percent did not know that it causes premalignant lesions. More than 50 percent ignored the deleterious effects on oral health. An educational program was designed. Conclusions: Most of the studied population practices the habit of smoking. The masculine sex, the daily consumption between 5 to 10 cigarettes and being smoking between 2 and 6 months predominate. The prevalent reasons for smoking are: sharing with friends in the parties; and they like and it satisfies them. The ignorance of the harmful effect on the oral health prevail. The designed educative program should increase the knowledge about the deleterious effects of smoking and promote the abandon of the habit(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Smoking/adverse effects , Smoking/psychology , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Smoking Cessation/methods , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies , Adolescent Health/standards , Smoking Prevention/methods
2.
São Paulo; s.n; 2002. 89 p
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1373097

ABSTRACT

Nas últimas décadas, muitos esforços têm sido realizados para reduzir a prevalência de fumantes, porém, o tabagismo continua sendo um grave problema de saúde pública que compromete a saúde física e mental dos indivíduos em vários segmentos da comunidade. Foram objetivos deste estudo investigar a prevalência de fumantes entre os graduandos de enfermagem da UNIFESP , algumas características de seu uso inicial, o grau de dependência dos fumantes para com a nicotina e o conhecimento de todos os graduandos a respeito do tabagismo . A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de um questionário auto-aplicável , composto por questões abertas e fechadas que foram analisadas em termos absolutos e porcentuais e, para comparar a relação de algumas variáveis , foi aplicado o teste de Qui-Quadrado de Pearson. Verificou-se que o número de fumantes entre os graduandos de enfermagem da amostra era 23 (8,2%) e que mais da metade dos entrevistados, 167 (59,9%), referiu não ter experimentado o cigarro. A idade média dos fumantes foi 19,5 anos havendo uma diferença significativa, entre os sexos , na qual os homens continuavam fumando mais que as mulheres. Os fumantes começaram a fumar com mais intensidade entre 16 a 20 anos, a maior parte dos alunos fumava menos de dez cigarros por dia e 18 (78,3%) pensam em cessar o fumar. Apenas dois (9,1%) dos alunos fumantes poderão apresentar um desconforto mais sério ao tentarem parar de fumar , conforme demonstraram a soma do teste de Fagerström igual a sete. Entre os alunos,15 (65,2%) fumantes tentaram cessar de fumar, sem sucesso, destes 10 (71,4%) apresentaram sintomas de abstinência. Entre algumas razões para os alunos não usarem o tabaco , estavam o não gostar do cheiro e conhecer seus malefícios. Para os que usaram o tabaco, os fatores que contribuíram foram a curiosidade e a influência de pessoas do convívio (amigos e familiares) , a idade média para o primeiro uso foi 14,8 anos. ) Os conhecimentos que os graduandos adquiriram, ao longo da vida, influenciaram de modo diferente seu comportamento em relação ao tabagismo (p-valor = 0,001); 46,6% dos alunos fumantes receberam informações e estas ajudaram na opção para não fumar. Os alunos demonstraram alguns conhecimentos adequados sobre o tabagismo, como saber que o tabaco faz mal à saúde dos fumantes e não-fumantes, porém, nem todos conseguiram especificar as doenças tabaco-relacionadas mais comuns. Mas, 274 (98,2%) expressaram vontade de obter mais conhecimentos a respeito do tabagismo e 268 (96%) acreditam que o enfermeiro pode desenvolver algumas intervenções como orientações , educação para a saúde , prevenção e motivação dos fumantes para abandonarem o fumar. Verificou-se, também, que o número de alunos fumantes diminuiu na instituição estudada, que os alunos desejam receber mais conhecimento sobre o assunto e acreditam que o enfermeiro pode atuar nesse sério problema de saúde pública. Maior inclusão do assunto na estrutura curricular dos cursos de graduação em Enfermagem foi apresentada como proposta.


During the last decades, several efforts have been made towards reducing the prevalence of smokers. Nevertheless, tobaccoism still remains a major public health problem, which impairs people's physical and mental health in various segments of the community. This study was designed to investigate: the prevalence of smokers among the UNIFESP nursing undergraduation students; some initial usage features; the smokers' dependence degree on nicotine; and the knowledge of all nursing undergraduate students on tobaccoism. Data collection was made by means of a self-applied questionnaire, consisting of open and closed questions , which were assessed in absolute and percent terms. In order to compare the ratio of some variables, Pearson's Square Chi test was applied. The number oh smokers among the nursing undergraduate students in the sample was 23 (8,2%) and that more than half of the interviewed students, 167 (59,9%), said they had never smoked a cigarette. Smokers' average age was 19.5 years old, and there is a significant difference between genders, as men continued smoking more than women. Smokers began smoking more frequently between 16 and 20 years old, most of the students smoked less than ten cigarettes per day, and 18 of them (78,3%) are considering quitting the habit. Only 2 (9,1%) smoking students may show a more severe discomfort while attempting to stop smoking , as they showed the sum of Fagerström's Test equal to seven. Among the students, 15 (65,2%) smokers tried, unsuccessfully, to stop smoking, and 10 of them (74,4%) feature abstinence symptoms. Among the reasons for students not smoking, there was the fact they don't like its smell, and that they know it is harmful. For the smoking students, the contributing were curiosity, and the influence of persons from their social contact (friends and family); the average age when they first smoked was 14.8 years old. The knowledge acquired throughout the nursing undergraduate student's lives has directly influenced their behavior towards tobaccoism (p-value=0.001), e.g. in the case of 46% of the smoking students who recivied information : this information helped them with their quitting decision. Students showed appropriate knowledge on tobaccoism , such as knowing it is harmful for both smoker's and non-smokers' health; however, not everyone could specify the most common tabacco-related diseases. On the other hand , 274 (98,2%) showed interest in getting more knowledge on tobaccoism, and 268 (96%) believe that the nurse can intervene against tobaccoism such as through guidance, health education, prevention and smoker's motivation to stop smoking. The number of smoking students lowered at the analyzed school, and that students would like to receive more information about tobaccoism, and also that they believe the nurse can act against this major public health problem. The propose is a broader inclusion of this subject in the curricular struture of the nursing graduation courses.


Subject(s)
Students, Nursing , Tobacco Use Disorder , Perception , Prevalence
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