ABSTRACT
Objective: The purpose of the present study was to assess the morphometric values of foramen magnum toevaluate sexual dimorphism as well as its clinical importance.Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 100 (Male 56, Female 44) CT scans. Morphometric studywas conducted on foramen magnum of occipital bone. From all the CT images the foramen magnum anteroposteriordiameter and transverse diameter were measured. Area of foramen magnum was calculated automatically.Foramen magnum index was calculated by using the formula Ht/Br×100. The data was statistically analysed.Results: The mean anteroposterior diameter in males and females was 33.9± 2.78, 32.2 ± 2.24, the mean transversediameter in males and females was 27.7±2.27, 26.7± 2.68 and the area of foramen magnum in males and femaleswas 739.5 ±9.96 , 676.1 ± 8.76, index of the foramen magnum in males and females was 82.09±7.86,83.02±9.55respectivelyConclusion: This study concludes that the parameters measured were higher in males compared to femalesexcept foramen magnum index. This was noticed higher in females than males.
ABSTRACT
La descripción de las imágenes tridimensionales reconstituidas de tomografías hepáticas (Three-dimensional computed tomographic volume rendering images) tiene alto porcentaje de variaciones anatómicas inexplicables, de tal manera que no orientan en forma definitiva al radiólogo y al cirujano. Este estudio permite ver y describir las ramas segmentarias de la vena porta hepática (A12.3.12.001)*, su relación con las venas hepáticas (A12.3.09.005) y su distribución parenquimal. El estudio es descriptivo y usamos expresiones porcentuales para citar la frecuencia de las características anatómicas, para esto tomamos al azar 56 reconstrucciones tridimensionales de tomografías hepáticas de pacientes adultos. Las ramas segmentarias portales+ y las venas hepáticas fueron identificadas siempre; hallamos siete ramas segmentarias portales en todos los casos, además, que la rama portal segmentaria V (cinco)+ nació de la porta derecha (A12.3.12.002) en 75 % de casos y de la izquierda (A12.3.12.005) en 21,4 %.
The anatomical description of reconstructed three-dimensional images of hepatic CT scans (Three-dimensional computed tomographic volume rendering images) has a high percentage of unexplained anatomical variations, so that they do not definitively orient the radiologist and the surgeon. This study allows to observe and to describe the segmental branches of the Hepatic portal vein (A12.3.12.001), its relation with the hepatic veins (A12.3.09.005) and its parenchymal distribution. The study is descriptive and we used percentage expressions to describe the frequency of anatomical characteristics. For this we randomly took 56 three-dimensional reconstructions of liver CTs from adult patients. Portal segmental branches+ and hepatic veins were always identified; we found seven portal segmental branches in all cases. In addition, the segmental portal branch V (five)+ originated from the right portal (A12.3.12.002) in 75 % of cases and from the left (A12.3.12.005) in 21.4 %.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Liver/anatomy & histology , Liver/diagnostic imaging , Portal Vein/anatomy & histology , Portal Vein/diagnostic imaging , Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods , Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methodsABSTRACT
A densidade mineral óssea (DMO) é o exame padrão-ouro para o diagnóstico da osteoporose. No entanto, sabe-se que apenas essa medida não é suficiente para identificar completamente a fragilidade óssea e o conseqüente risco de fratura, tornando-se necessário a investigação da estrutura óssea. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar se a característica de Euler-Poincaré (CEP) para analisar a conectividade do osso trabecular poderia fornecer um suporte adicional na identificação da deterioração da estrutura óssea. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Analisou-se um conjunto de imagens formando disectors, obtidas da tomografia computadorizada de vértebras lombares, a partir dos quais foi estimada a característica Euler-Poincarè.(CEP). Para lidar com o processamento de imagens dos disectors, foi desenvolvido um programa de computador usando o GTK+ para MS-Windows. Os resultados foram comparados com a DMO. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se que a medida da CEP está correlacionada com os resultados obtidos por meio da DMO para as vértebras lombares. Ficou demonstrado também que a área de conectividade das trabéculas que é propagada ao longo dos disectors corrobora para assegurar que os resultados da CEP sejam consistentes com a medida da DMO. CONCLUSÕES: A aplicação da CEP na análise das tomografias vertebrais poderá vir a se constituir num método para avaliar a estrutura óssea trabecular, e sua correlação com a resistência mecânica do osso, sendo necessários porém mais estudos para confirmar esses dados.
The bone mineral density (BMD) is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Nevertheless, it is known that only this measurement is not sufficient to completely identify bone fragility and the consequent risk of fracture, becoming necessary the investigation of the bone structure. OBJECTIVES: Evaluate if the Euler-Poincaré characteristic (EPC) for the analysis of the connectivity of the trabecular bone could supply an additional support in identifying the deterioration of the bone structure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A group of images forming dissectors were analyzed, obtained from the computerized tomography of the lumbar vertebrae, from which the Euler-Poincarè characteristic (EPC) was estimated. To deal with the processing of images of the dissectors, a computer program was developed using the GTK+ for MS-Windows. The results were compared to the BMD. RESULTS: It was verified that the measurement of the EPC is correlated with the results obtained by means of the BMD for the lumbar vertebrae. It was also demonstrated that the area of connectivity of the trabecular that is propagated over the dissectors corroborates to ensure that the results of the EPC are consistent with the BMD measurement. CONCLUSIONS: The application of ECP in the analysis of the vertebral tomographies could constitute a method to evaluate the trabecular bone structure, and its correlation with the mechanical resistance of the bone, however being necessary more studies to confirm this data.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bone Density , Fractures, Bone , Lumbar Vertebrae , Osteoporosis/diagnosis , TomographyABSTRACT
PURPOSE: This study was performed to evaluate relationship between the inferior alveolar nerve injury and the findings of panoramic and tomographic images for preventing inferior alveolar nerve injury after the 3rd molar extraction. MATERIAL AND METHOD: From April, 2005 to June, 2005, The 190 patients who visited in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacia Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital and the panoramic radiographies were taken for extraction of the mandibular third molar, was selected. Among 215 mandibular third molars, Scanora tomographic imagings were taken in the 90 teeth which were overlaped to the mandibular canal in the panoramic imagies. In panoramic radiographies, the angulation, the level, the root morphology, and the superimposition sign of the mandibular third molars with the mandibular canal were evaluated. In the tomographic radiographies, the location and distance of the mandibular third molar from the canal were also evaluated. The relationships between these findings and the inferior alveolar nerve injury were examined. RESULTS: In the panoramic findings, the inferior alveolar nerve injuries were occurred in the darkened roots (5 molars, 7%), the uncontinuous radiopaque image (3 molars, 7%), and the depositioned mandibular canal (2 molars, 10%). In the tomographic findings of 90 molars, 20 molars also had the superimposition imagies. Five molars in those molars (25%) had the inferior alveolar nerve injury after extraction. There were 10 patients who had the inferior alveolar nerve injury. The sensory was began to be recovered in 9 patients, except 1 patient, within 2 weeks, then fully recovered within 3 months. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the depth mandibular third molar and the superimposition sign may be related with the risk of the inferior alveolar nerve injury after extraction.