Quantitative relationships among tongue pressure, hyoid composite movement and pharynx phase activity among stroke survivors with dysphagia / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective@#To explore the relationships among tongue pressure, hyoid composite movement and pharynx phase activity among stroke survivors with dysphagia.@*Methods@#Videofluoroscopy was used to observe the swallowing performance of 13 stroke survivors with dysphagia. Their tongue pressure was also measured. Correlations were sought among the tongue pressure, hyoid motion, the pharynx contraction ratio and the duration of upper oesophageal sphincter opening.@*Results@#Tongue pressure was found to be significantly positively correlated with the duration of upper oesophageal sphincter opening. The distance of forward movement of the hyoid and the pharynx contraction ratio were also significantly positively correlated.@*Conclusion@#The tongue muscle and hyoid activity can affect the activity in the pharyngeal phase of swallowing.

Quantitative relationships among tongue pressure, hyoid composite movement and pharynx phase activity among stroke survivors with dysphagia / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To explore the relationships among tongue pressure, hyoid composite movement and pharynx phase activity among stroke survivors with dysphagia. Methods Videofluoroscopy was used to observe the swallowing performance of 13 stroke survivors with dysphagia. Their tongue pressure was also measured. Correlations were sought among the tongue pressure, hyoid motion, the pharynx contraction ratio and the duration of upper oesophageal sphincter opening. Results Tongue pressure was found to be significantly positively correlated with the duration of upper oesophageal sphincter opening. The distance of forward movement of the hyoid and the pharynx contraction ratio were also significantly positively correlated. Conclusion The tongue muscle and hyoid activity can affect the activity in the pharyngeal phase of swallowing.

Comparison of Effects of the Volume, Texture and Taste of Food on Tongue Pressure / 대한연하장애학회지

OBJECTIVE: This study examined how changes in the volume, texture, and taste of food affect the variation of tongue pressure during the swallowing of food in healthy adults. METHODS: Fifty-four healthy subjects participated in this study. The tongue pressure was measured using an Iowa Oral. Performance Instrument (IOPI) during swallowing of food in 54 healthy adults. The food bolus with modified volumes (3, 5, 10, and 15 ml), textures (water, puree, and cracker), and tastes (pure water, sour taste, sweet taste, and salty taste) were provided and the variation of the tongue pressure was traced during the swallowing of food. RESULTS: The tongue pressure changed significantly when the volume of food chunks increased. When the texture of food was modified, the tongue pressure was significantly different when swallowing a cracker than when swallowing water and puree. In addition, the tongue pressure was increased more by a sour taste liquid than pure water or sweet taste liquid. CONCLUSION: When swallowing food, the tongue pressure at the appropriate level is essential for safe swallowing. Because modification of the volume, texture, and taste of food can induce the variation of tongue pressure, it can be recommended as an effective therapeutic method that can move food in the mouth.

Association between tongue pressure and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in relation to platelet levels in hypertensive elderly men: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND@#Age-related low-grade inflammation causing endothelial disruption influences sarcopenia, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. We reported previously that maintenance of muscle strength in elderly hypertensive men with high platelet levels is positively associated with subclinical atherosclerosis but not in those with low platelet levels. Since reduced tongue pressure is related to sarcopenia, tongue pressure may be associated with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in hypertensive elderly subjects, and platelet levels may function as an indicator of the association between tongue pressure and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis.@*METHODS@#We conducted a cross-sectional study of 342 hypertensive elderly Japanese men aged 60-89 who participated in an annual health check-up in 2015 and 2016. Subclinical carotid atherosclerosis was defined as a common carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) of 1.1 mm or more.@*RESULTS@#In the overall study population, 171 subjects demonstrated low platelets (< 21.4 × 10/μL). Tongue pressure was significantly inversely associated with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in these subjects, but not in subjects with high platelets. The known cardiovascular risk factor adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis for a 1 standard deviation (SD) increment in tongue pressure (10.4 kPa) were 0.54 (0.35, 0.85) and 1.31 (0.87, 1.96), respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#Tongue pressure is inversely associated with subclinical carotid atherosclerosis in hypertensive elderly men with low platelet levels, but not in those with high levels. This finding may thus constitute an efficient tool for clarifying the background mechanism of age-related diseases such as sarcopenia, hypertension, and atherosclerosis.

The Relationship Between Tongue Pressure and Oral Dysphagia in Stroke Patients

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationships between tongue pressure and different aspects of the oral-phase swallowing function. METHODS: We included 96 stroke patients with dysphagia, ranging in age from 40 to 88 years (mean, 63.7 years). Measurements of tongue pressure were obtained with the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument, a device with established normative data. Three trials of maximum performance were performed for lip closure pressure (LP), anterior hard palate-to-tongue pressure (AP), and posterior hard palate-to-tongue pressure (PP); buccal-to-tongue pressures on both sides were also recorded (buccal-to-tongue pressure, on the weak side [BW]; buccal-to-tongue pressure, on the healthy side [BH]). The average pressure in each result was compared between the groups. Clinical evaluation of the swallowing function was performed with a videofluoroscopic swallowing study. RESULTS: The average maximum AP and PP values in the intact LC group were significantly higher than those in the inadequate lip closure group (AP, p=0.003; PP, p<0.001). AP and PP showed significant relationships with bolus formation (BF), mastication, premature bolus loss (PBL), tongue to palate contact (TP), and oral transit time (OTT). Furthermore, LP, BW, and BH values were significantly higher in the groups with intact mastication, without PBL and intact TP. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that the tongue pressure appears to be closely related to the oral-phase swallowing function in post-stroke patients, especially BF, mastication, PBL, TP and OTT.

Advance in Tongue Pressure Measurement during Swallowing (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

@#The measurement of pressure between tongue and the hard palate during swallowing is an evaluation method which is noninvasive and accurately quantitative. This article reviewed the measurement of tongue pressure, the changes of pressure in different poses,bolus types and people, as well as the prediction of dysphagia according to tongue pressure.

Sequential Tongue Pressure and Laryngeal Movement during Swallowing

OBJECTIVE: To test the repeatability and the reproducibility of a newly developed device which measures tongue pressure and laryngeal movement, to identify the range of tongue pressure and to reveal the relationships between tongue pressure and age, gender and diet formula. METHOD: One hundred five healthy subjects (50 males, 55 females, range 20 to 74 years) were recruited for the study. They had examinations of tongue pressure and laryngeal movement. The pressure was measured with two air-filled bulbs connected to a transducer. Laryngeal movement was measured with a strain gauge. The test was repeated three times with a two minute rest interval and monitored twice by the same investigator and once by another investigator. All subjects performed 10 times of swallowing: 5 times each of 3 ml liquid and dry swallowing. RESULTS: Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for both the repeatability and the reproducibility revealed good to moderate reliability for tongue pressure measurement and the time of maximum tongue pressure (ICC, 0.60~0.84). However, it was poor for measurement of laryngeal movement. There were no significant differences between gender and age groups in tongue pressure, the time to maximum tongue pressure and laryngeal movement. The tongue pressure was higher in dry swallowing than in wet swallowing. Also, the time to maximum tongue pressure and overall laryngeal movement were prolonged in dry swallowing. CONCLUSION: The newly developed tongue pressure measurement system is a reliable apparatus and there are no significant age and gender differences in tongue and laryngeal movement in healthy subjects.