ABSTRACT
En esta presentación analizamos que no existe mayor diferencia en la eficacia y la efectividad entre los métodos anticonceptivos de larga duración reversibles (implantes, dispositivos intrauterinos-DIU) -conocidos como los métodos LARC- y los métodos anticonceptivos quirúrgicos, de larga duración definitivos (vasectomía, ligadura de trompas). La diferencia entre ambas metodologías anticonceptivas está relacionada con la temporalidad y reversibilidad del método, y con los efectos secundarios que se pueden originar. La baja demanda de los LARC probablemente se debe a los mitos y barreras que existen entre algunos prestadores de salud y la población. También a una falla en la asesoría anticonceptiva, poca disponibilidad o costos para algunas poblaciones vulnerables, como son los adolescentes. Los métodos anticonceptivos reversibles de larga duración (LARC) son una alternativa de primera línea para prevenir un embarazo no planificado, en cualquier grupo etario que tiene relaciones sexuales. Su eficacia y efectividad, comparable a los métodos anticonceptivos quirúrgicos, debe ser difundida entre la población, ya que les da la protección de un método definitivo sin serlo.
We analyze In this presentation there is no big difference in the efficiency and effectiveness between the long-acting reversible contraceptive methods (implants, IUD) known as the LARC methods (by its abbreviation in English) and the definitive long-acting surgical contraception (vasectomy, tubal ligation). The difference between both contraceptive methodologies is related with the temporality and reversibility of one method and the side effects that might originate from this. The low demand of LARC is probably due to the myths and barriers existing among some health providers and the population. Also to the failure in contraceptive advice, limited availability, or high costs for some vulnerable populations like the adolescents. The long-acting reversible contraceptives are a first line alternative to prevent an unplanned pregnancy in any age group in sexual activity. The efficiency and effectiveness comparable to that of the surgical contraceptive methods should be shared with the people as these methods give protection similar to a definitive method without being one. In Peru, they are included in the contraceptive mix offered by the ministry of health.
ABSTRACT
A total of 21 papers about topical use of triamcinolone in the treatment of oral diseases were retrieved.1 7 of the 21 papers were about the treatment of oral lichen planus,3 were about recurrent aphthous ulcer and 1 was about Behcet's Syndrome.Topical use of triamcin-olone,either used alone or combined with other drugs,was effective in the treatment of oral lichen planus,recurrent aphthous ulcer and Beh-cet's Syndrome.No adverse drug reaction happened when triamcinolone was used in the patients after a short time application,while it hap-pened in the patients after prolonged-use.It may be also effective in the treatment of other allergy or immune dysfunction related oral mucosal diseases,of which more research should be carried out.
ABSTRACT
Emulsions are the most common form of skin care products. However, these systems may exhibit some instability. Therefore, when developing emulsions for topical application it is interesting to verify whether they have suitable physical and mechanical characteristics and further assess their stability. The aim of this work was to study the stability of emulsion systems, which varied in the proportion of the emulsifying agent cetearyl alcohol (and) sodium lauryl sulfate (and) sodium cetearyl sulfate (LSX), the nature of the oily phase (decyl oleate, cyclomethicone or dimethicone) and the presence or absence of pumice (5% w/w). While maintaining the samples at room temperature, rheology studies, texture analysis and microscopic observation of formulations with and without pumice were performed. Samples were also submitted to an accelerated stability study by centrifugation and to a thermal stress test. Through the testing, it was found that the amount of emulsifying agent affects the consistency and textural properties such as firmness and adhesiveness. So, formulations containing LSX (5% w/w) and decyl oleate or dimethicone as oily phase had a better consistency and remained stable with time, so exhibited the best features to be used for skin care products.
Emulsões são a forma de apresentação mais comum dos produtos para aplicação na pele. No entanto estes sistemas podem exibir alguma instabilidade. Por esta razão, quando do desenvolvimento de emulsões para aplicação tópica é importante verificar se estas apresentam propriedades físicas ou mecânicas adequadas e avaliar a sua estabilidade. O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu no estudo da estabilidade de emulsões, cujas variações entre elas foi a proporção de agente emulsificante álcool estearílico (mais) laurilsulfato de sódio (mais) estearilsulfato de sódio (LSX), a natureza da fase oleosa (decil oleato, ciclometicona ou dimeticona) e a presença ou ausência de pedra-pomes (5% m/m). Mantendo as amostras à mesma temperatura, realizaram-se o estudo da reologia, a análise de textura e observação microscópica das formulações com e sem pedra-pomes. Amostras foram, também, submetidas a estudo de estabilidade acelerada por centrifugação e a ensaio de estresse térmico. Através dos testes realizados, constatou-se que a quantidade de agente emulsificante influencia a consistência e as propriedades de textura, como a firmeza e a adesividade. As formulações contendo LSX (5% m/m) e decil oleato ou dimeticona como fase oleosa exibiram melhores caraterísticas como produtos para aplicação na pele, uma vez que estas formulações apresentaram menor firmeza e consistência e permaneceram estáveis com o tempo.