Interaction Between Memory Load and Experimental Design on Brain Connectivity and Network Topology / 神经科学通报·英文版

The conventional approach to investigating functional connectivity in the block-designed study usually concatenates task blocks or employs residuals of task activation. While providing many insights into brain functions, the block design adds more manipulation in functional network analysis that may reduce the purity of the blood oxygenation level-dependent signal. Recent studies utilized one single long run for task trials of the same condition, the so-called continuous design, to investigate functional connectivity based on task functional magnetic resonance imaging. Continuous brain activities associated with the single-task condition can be directly utilized for task-related functional connectivity assessment, which has been examined for working memory, sensory, motor, and semantic task experiments in previous research. But it remains unclear how the block and continuous design influence the assessment of task-related functional connectivity networks. This study aimed to disentangle the separable effects of block/continuous design and working memory load on task-related functional connectivity networks, by using repeated-measures analysis of variance. Across 50 young healthy adults, behavioral results of accuracy and reaction time showed a significant main effect of design as well as interaction between design and load. Imaging results revealed that the cingulo-opercular, fronto-parietal, and default model networks were associated with not only task activation, but significant main effects of design and load as well as their interaction on intra- and inter-network functional connectivity and global network topology. Moreover, a significant behavior-brain association was identified for the continuous design. This work has extended the evidence that continuous design can be used to study task-related functional connectivity and subtle brain-behavioral relationships.

Research on performance optimization method of human-machine physical interaction system considering exoskeleton wearing comfort / 生物医学工程学杂志

In order to improve the wearing comfort and bearing effectiveness of the exoskeleton, based on the prototype and working mechanism analysis of a relaxation wearable system for knee exoskeleton robot, the static optimization synthesis and its method are studied. Firstly, based on the construction of the virtual prototype model of the system, a comprehensive wearable comfort evaluation index considering the factors such as stress, deformation and the proportion of stress nodes was constructed. Secondly, based on the static simulation and evaluation index of system virtual prototype, multi-objective genetic optimization and local optimization synthesis of armor layer topology were carried out. Finally, the model reconstruction simulation data confirmed that the system had good wearing comfort. Our study provides a theoretical basis for the bearing performance and prototype construction of the subsequent wearable system.

Topological Structure and Biomechanics of Three-Dimensional Printed Height Increasing Insoles for Leg Length Discrepancy / 医用生物力学

Objective To study topological structure of a new type of three-dimensional (3D) printed height increasing insoles for leg length discrepancy (LLD) and its effect on biomechanics of lower limbs. Methods Topological structure for middle and rear part of the insole was optimized by solid isotropic microstructures with penalization (SIMP), the force was loaded and the boundary conditions were set according to force area of the insole, and the height increasing insole with thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) materials was printed by selected laser sintering (SLS). The insoles were used in 9 patients with LLD, visual analogue scale (VAS) and Maryland foot function scores were used to compare pain and foot function changes of patients before and after using the insole, and the 3D gait analysis system was used to compare spatiotemporal parameters and vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) of both lower limbs. Result sAfter the patient wore 3D printed insole, VAS scores decreased, Maryland foot function scores increased, vGRF of both lower limbs decreased, and the difference of cadence, stance phase and swing phase in both lower limbs decreased. Conclusions The 3D printed height increasing insole after topology optimization can improve coordination of lower limb movement, reduce ground impact, relieve pain and improve foot function, thus providing an effective personalized orthopedic plan for LLD treatment in clinic.

The topology of resting-state functional networks in the brain after an ischemic stroke / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To explore any changes in the topology of the brain′s resting-state functional networks after an ischemic stroke causing cognitive impairment (iPSCI) and their relationship with the impairment.Methods:Twenty-one patients with impaired cognition after a stroke were recruited into an iPSCI group, and 21 healthy counterparts matched in gender, age and the education level formed the control (HC) group. Three-dimensional T1-weighted anatomical images and resting state functional magnetic resonance images of all of the subjects were collected and any differences in brain network topology were analyzed using graph theory. The degree of centrality (DC), between centrality (BC) and the global topological properties of each brain region were compared using independent-sample t-tests. Spearman correlation coefficients were computed to analyze the significance of any correlation between topology differences and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) or Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) scores.Results:Compared with the HC group, a significant DC increase was observed in the orbital part of the right of middle frontal gyrus (ORBmid.R), the right hippocampus (HIP.R), and the right thalamus (THA.R). There was a significant decrease in the left Rolandic operculum (ROL.L), the left postcentral gyrus (PoCG.L), the left supramarginal gyrus (SMG.L), the left angular gyrus (ANG.L), the left and right caudate nucleus (CAU.L and CAU.R), the putamen of the left lenticular nucleus (PUT.L), the left Heschl gyrus (HES.L), the left superior temporal gyrus (STG.L), and the temporal pole of the left superior temporal gyrus (TPOsup.L). Compared with the HC group, the brain regions of the iPSCI group in which the BC had increased significantly were the orbital part of the left middle frontal gyrus (ORBmid.L), the left cuneus (CUN.L), and the right precuneus (PCUN.R). DC was significantly decreased in the left caudate nucleus (CAU.L), the left temporal pole of the superior temporal gyrus (TPOsup.L), and the left of inferior temporal gyrus (ITG.L). Compared with the HC group, the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) of the shortest path length (Lp) and the normalized Lp (λ) of the iPSCI group increased significantly, and the AUC of the normalized clustering coefficient (γ) and small-worldness (σ) decreased significantly. The DCs of the ROL.L, PoCG.L, CAU.L, HES.L, STG.L and TPOsup.L regions showed moderate positive correlation with the MoCA and MMSE scores ( r>0.4), as did the BC of the CAU.L and TPOsup.L regions ( r>0.4). Conclusions:Cognitive impairment is mainly associated with decreased nodal properties in the brain regions related to language and in the caudate nucleus. The topology of the frontal lobe, hippocampus, thalamus, striatum and default networks may self-repair after an iPSCI. The brain′s functional network after an iPSCI still has small-world properties, but with low efficiency and high cost.

Research on simulation and optimal design of a miniature magnetorheological fluid damper used in wearable rehabilitation training system / 生物医学工程学杂志

The goal of this paper is to solve the problems of large volume, slow dynamic response and poor intelligent controllability of traditional gait rehabilitation training equipment by using the characteristic that the shear yield strength of magnetorheological fluid changes with the applied magnetic field strength. Based on the extended Bingham model, the main structural parameters of the magnetorheological fluid damper and its output force were simulated and optimized by using scientific computing software, and the three-dimensional modeling of the damper was carried out after the size was determined. On this basis and according to the design and use requirements of the damper, the finite element analysis software was used for force analysis, strength check and topology optimization of the main force components. Finally, a micro magnetorheological fluid damper suitable for wearable rehabilitation training system was designed, which has reference value for the design of lightweight, portable and intelligent rehabilitation training equipment.

3D chromatin architecture and epigenetic regulation in cancer stem cells

Dedifferentiation of cell identity to a progenitor-like or stem cell-like state with increased cellular plasticity is frequently observed in cancer formation. During this process, a subpopulation of cells in tumours acquires a stem cell-like state partially resembling to naturally occurring pluripotent stem cells that are temporarily present during early embryogenesis. Such characteristics allow these cancer stem cells (CSCs) to give rise to the whole tumour with its entire cellular heterogeneity and thereby support metastases formation while being resistant to current cancer therapeutics. Cancer development and progression are demarcated by transcriptional dysregulation. In this article, we explore the epigenetic mechanisms shaping gene expression during tumorigenesis and cancer stem cell formation, with an emphasis on 3D chromatin architecture. Comparing the pluripotent stem cell state and epigenetic reprogramming to dedifferentiation in cellular transformation provides intriguing insight to chromatin dynamics. We suggest that the 3D chromatin architecture could be used as a target for re-sensitizing cancer stem cells to therapeutics.

P38/akt pathway regulates the oriented differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in nanofiber annulus fibrosus scaffolds with different spatial structures / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that a variety of materials can be used for the construction of tissue engineering scaffolds. The topological structure of the scaffold surface has a regulatory effect on the biological behaviors such as stem cell proliferation and differentiation, but the specific mechanism is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of P38 and Akt pathways in the oriented differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in nanofiber scaffolds. METHODS: Three kinds of nanofiber scaffolds (AFS, AYS, 3-DPS) with different structures were constructed. Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were inoculated on the surface of three kinds of nanofiber scaffolds. After osteogenic induction, cell morphology, adhesion and proliferation were detected. mRNA expression levels of key phenotype molecules (COLIα1, COLIIα1, Aggrecan, Sox-9) were measured using qRT-PCR. Intracellular P38, AKT, ERK1/2 and JNK expression was detected by western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 4 and 8 hours of culture, cell adhesion rate of the 13-DPS scaffold group was higher than that of the AFS and AYS scaffold groups (P<0.05). After 7 days of culture, cells of the 13-DPS scaffold group proliferated faster than those of AFS and AYS scaffold groups (P<0.05). Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells adhered firmly and grew well on three kinds of scaffolds. Fibroblast-like growth was observed on the AFS and AYS scaffolds and chondrocyte-like growth was observed on the 3-DPS scaffold. After 3 weeks of cartilage induction, mRNA expression of COLIIα1, Aggrecan and Sox-9 was higher, and the mRNA expression of COLIα1 was lower, in the 3-DPS scaffold group compared with the other two groups (both P<0.05). After 3 weeks of cartilage induction, relative expression level of p-AKT and p-P38 in the 3-DPS scaffold group was significantly higher than that in the other two groups (both P<0.05). There were no significant differences in AKT total protein and ERK1/2, JNK, P38, p-ERK1/2, p-JNK and p-P38 protein expression levels among three groups. These findings suggest that nanofiber annulus fibrosus scaffolds with different spatial structures can induce the oriented differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through the P38 and AKT pathway, which were the downstream of the Integrin-FAK signaling pathway.

The foreclosure of the name of the father: logic of the significant and topology of the borromean knot / A foraclusão do nome-do-pai: lógica do significante e topologia dos nós

RESUMO: O artigo objetiva estabelecer uma discussão acerca do conceito de foraclusão extraído por Lacan da obra freudiana. O percurso teórico acompanha o ensino de Lacan desde a formulação do conceito de foraclusão, definido a partir da lógica da exclusão do significante do Nome-do-Pai. O desenvolvimento da topologia borromeana faz do Nome-do-Pai um sinthome que amarra os três registros - simbólico, imaginário e real. No final de seu ensino, Lacan concede novo relevo teórico ao conceito de foraclusão, compreendido como sinal da desamarração do nó borromeano.

Abstract: The present article aims to establish a discussion regarding the foreclosure concept, extracted by Lacan from the Freudian work. The theoretical path accompanies Lacan's teaching since the formulation of the foreclosure's concept, defined from the exclusion of the significant of the Name of the Father's logic. The development of the borromean topology makes the Name of the Father a sinthome that ties the three orders symbolic, imaginary and real. At the end of his teachings, Lacan grants a new theoretical relief to the concept of foreclosure, understood as sign of the untying of the borromean knot.

Study on the characteristics of biology force line of proximal femur based on structural topology optimization / 生物医学工程学杂志

Internal fixator is usually adopted in the treatment of bone fractures. In order to achieve anatomical reduction and effective fixation of fractures, the placement of internal fixators should comply with the biology force line of the bone and adapt to the specific anatomical morphological characteristics of the cortical bone. In order to investigate the distribution characteristics and formation regularity of biology force line and cortical thickness of human bone, three-dimensional model of proximal femur is established by using three-dimensional reconstruction technique in this paper. The normal physiological stress distribution of proximal femur is obtained by finite element analysis under three kinds of behavior conditions: one-legged stance, abduction and adduction. The structural topology optimization method is applied to simulate the cortex of the proximal femur under the combined action of three kinds of behavior conditions, and the anatomic morphological characteristics of the proximal femur are compared. The distribution trend of biology force line of proximal femur and the characteristics of cortex are analyzed. The results show that the biology force lines of bone structure and the morphological characteristics of cortex depend on the load of human activities. The distribution trend of biology force line is related to the direction of trabecular bone and the ridge trend and firmness of cortex when bone is loaded physiologically. The proposed analytical method provides a solution to determine the biology force line of bone and the distribution characteristics of cortex. The conclusions obtained may guide the reasonable placement of internal fixator components of fracture.

As raízes científicas da topologia estrutural de lacan / The scientific roots of lacan`s structural topology

Este artigo investiga as consequências da adoção da concepção de ciência moderna de Koyré, caracterizada pela matematização do real, na obra de Lacan. Uma delas é a invenção da topologia estrutural que, muito embora enraizada na linguística e na matemática, ultrapassa o domínio científico ao qual pertencem essas disciplinas. Para tanto, as noções de estrutura, letra e real serão apropriadas e ressignificadas por Lacan.

This article investigates the consequences of the adoption of Koyré's modern science conception, characterized by the mathematisation of the real, in the work of Lacan. One of them is the invention of structural topology, which has its roots in linguistic and mathematics, but reaches beyond their scientific domain. Therefore, the notions of structure, letter and real are appropriated and redefined by Lacan.

A Biblioteca de Babel e o Outro: Borges e Lacan / The Library of Babel and the Other: Borges and Lacan / A Biblioteca de Babel eo Outro: Borges e Lacan / A Biblioteca de Babel eo Outro: Borges e Lacan

No conto "A Biblioteca de Babel", Borges ensaiou aproximações com a matemática, a lógica, a filosofia e a psicopatologia. Este artigo promove um encontro metodológico de Borges com Lacan, afirmando a potência da articulação entre ficção literária e pensamento formal. Através da topologia do toro, propõe-se uma homologia estrutural entre a Biblioteca e o Outro, permitindo uma comparação das diferentes posições das personagens do conto com as do sujeito na linguagem.

In The Library of Babel, Borges dialogues with mathematics, logic, philosophy and psychopathology. This article promotes a methodological encounter of Borges with Lacan, highlighting the articulation between literary fiction and formal thought. Through the topology of the torus, a structural homology is proposed between the Library and the Other, allowing a comparison of the different positions of the characters of the short story with those of the subject in the language.

Dans La Bibliothèque de Babel, Borges a essayé des approches avec les mathématiques, la logique, la philosophie et la psychopathologie. Cet article promut une rencontre méthodologique entre Borges et Lacan, en surlignant l'articulation entre fiction littéraire et pensée formelle. Par la topologie du tore, on propose une homologie structurelle entre la Bibliothèque et l'Autre, en comparant les différentes positions des les personnages de la nouvelle avec celles du sujet dans le langage.

En La Biblioteca de Babel, Borges ensayó aproximaciones con las matemáticas, la lógica, la filosofía y la psicopatología. Este artículo promueve un encuentro metodológico de Borges con Lacan, afirmando la potencia de la articulación entre ficción literaria y pensamiento formal. A través de la topología del toro, se propone una homología estructural entre la Biblioteca y el Otro, comparando las diferentes posiciones de los personajes del cuento con las del sujeto en el lenguaje.

In Die Bibliothek von Babel, Borges hat ein Dialog mit Mathematik, Logik, Philosophie und Psychopathologie. Dieser Artikel fördert eine methodische Begegnung zwischen Borges und Lacan zu heben die Artikulation zwischen literarischer Fiktion und formalen Gedanken hervor. Durch die Topologie des Torus wird eine strukturelle Homologie zwischen der Bibliothek und dem Anderen vorgeschlagen, um so einen Vergleich der verschiedenen Positionen der Personen der Kurzgeschichte mit des Subjekt in der Sprache zu ermöglichen.

Voz e alteridade: um contraponto entre psicanálise e psicologias dialógicas / Voice and otherness: a counterpoint between psychoanalysis and dialogic psychologies / Voz y alteridad: un contrapunto entre el psicoanálisis y psicologías dialógicas

Este artigo apresenta e esquematiza um possível debate sobre a voz. Consideram-se contribuições psicanalíticas e construções produzidas por abordagens dialógicas em psicologia. Por meio da análise de textos considerados pioneiros em seus respectivos campos teóricos, destacam-se as confluências e divergências em relação ao endereçamento e à materialidade, eixos analíticos próprios a essas perspectivas. Em ambas a voz institui a subjetividade pela relação com o outro. Para a psicanálise essa questão amplia-se como consequência da articulação do apelo ao outro. Mediante a linguagem, a voz inscreve o sujeito no Outro e se atualiza como corpo. Irredutível à emissão vocal, a voz equivale a uma estrutura que pode apoiar-se em muitas experiências estéticas e sensoriais. Ao situar a voz no espaço topológico, a psicanálise lacaniana resolve aparentes paradoxos como o relativo à interioridade versus exterioridade.

This paper presents and outlines a possible debate about "voice". In order to do so, Psychoanalytical contributions and constructions produced by dialogical approaches in psychology are considered. The confluences and divergences related to "addressing" and "materiality", specific analytical axes to these perspectives, are contrasted through the analysis of texts considered pioneers in their respective theoretical fields. In both of them "voice" institutes the subjectivity by the relation with the other. For psychoanalysis this question is amplified as a consequence of the articulation of the appeal to the other. Through language, "voice" inscribes the subject in the Other and actualizes itself as a body. Irreducible to vocal emission, "voice" is equivalent to a structure that can draw on many aesthetic and sensory experiences. By situating "voice" in the topological space, Lacanian psychoanalysis resolves apparent paradoxes such as that related to interiority versus exteriority.

Este artículo presenta y esquematiza un posible debate sobre la voz. Son consideradas las contribuciones psicoanalíticas y las construcciones producidas por abordajes dialógicos en psicología. Por medio del análisis de textos considerados pioneros en sus respectivos campos teóricos, se destacan las confluencias y divergencias en relación al direccionamiento y a la materialidad, ejes analíticos propios a esas perspectivas. En ambas la voz instituye la subjetividad por la relación con el otro. Para el psicoanálisis esa cuestión se amplia como consecuencia de la articulación del apelo al otro. Por medio del lenguaje, la voz inscribe al sujeto en el Otro y se actualiza como cuerpo. Irreductible a la emisión vocal, la voz equivale a una estructura que puede apoyarse en muchas experiencias estéticas y sensoriales. Al situar la voz en el espacio topológico, el psicoanálisis lacaniano resuelve aparentes paradojas como lo relativo a la interioridad versus exterioridad.

Topology Optimization of Bionic Porous Structure Based on Biomechanical Properties of Trabecular Bone / 医用生物力学

Objective Based on structure of animal trabecular bone, implants with porous structure were designed to describe mechanical properties of trabecular structure and explain significance of bionic trabecular porous implants in clinical treatment. Methods Based on anisotropic mechanical properties of animal trabecular bone, a porous structure was designed using the topology optimization method. The principles of partition and block reconstruction were first proposed according to bone function theory. The trabecular structure was then reconstructed based on micro-CT images. The boundary constraint and external load were applied on this model according to the respective-volume-element (RVE) method. Taking the solved mechanical properties as objective functions of optimization, the porous structure design and optimization were conducted using the variable density method and the homogenization method. Results The trabecular bone possessed the anisotropic mechanical properties. It was found that the volume fraction showed an increasing trend from the edge to the middle across the same section of trabecular bone. But there was no obvious regular pattern in Poisson’s ratio, which was evenly distributed in the range between 0.17 and 0.30. As to the values of elastic modulus and shear modulus, they were both significantly higher in the main pressure position compared with those in the other positions. After topography optimization based on these mechanical properties, the Poisson’s ratio of the optimized model was in the same range as the animal trabecular bone. The elastic modulus error was less than 14%， with the minimum being only 3%. In addition, the shear modulus error was below 8%， which ultimately complied with criteria of the original goal. Conclusions The designed porous structure based on topology optimization had the same anisotropic characteristics as animal trabecular bone, while reducing the stress concentration phenomenon, which could achieve the specific design for porous structure, thus providing a reasonable and effective method for clinical porous implants.

Psicopa-topología / Psychopa-topology

El presente trabajo presenta el modelo psicopatológico lacaniano surgido a partir del año 1975. Sostenido en la topología lacaniana, particularmente, en la figura del enlace borromeico, el modelo psicopatológico alcanza una representación única para las distintas estructuras. Una vez logrado ello, la diferenciación estructural y la dinámica de cada presentación psicopatológica podrá ser mostrada en el nudo a través de las formas reparatorias o nominativas resultantes de su lógica y operatoria.

This paper presents the Lacanian model psychopathological emerged from 1975. Held in the Lacanian topology, particularly in the figure of borromeico link, the psychopathological model reaches a unique representation for different structures. Having achieved this, the structural differentiation and psychopathological dynamics of each presentation will be shown in the knot through reparative or nominative forms resulting from its logic and operations.

Yo, cuerpo y realidad en las neurosis y psicosis / Self, body and reality in neuroses and psychosis

Se aborda la noción de cuerpo ­conjuntamente con las de yo y realidad- en los distintos momentos lógicos de su constitución, articulándolos con distintas nominaciones, así como con el estatuto del cuerpo en los desencadenamientos y encadenamientos de los distintos tipos de psicosis. Para ello se proponen distintas versiones de los esquemas R e I construidos por Jacques Lacan.

The notion of body ­together with thos of self and reality- is examinated in different logical moments of its constitution, coordinanting with various nominations, as well as the status of the body in chainings and unchainings of various types of psychosis. For what are proposed different versions of the schemes R and I constructed by Jacques Lacan.

Jarbas, o Redentor: um caso clínico de mania apresentado a partir da topologia lacaniana / Jarbas the Redeemer: a clinical case of mania presented based on Lacanian topology / Jarbas le Rédempteur: un cas clinique de manie présenté a partir de la topologie lacanienne / Jarbas el Redentor: un caso de manía presentado a partir de la topología lacaniana / Jarbas, der Erlöser: ein Fall von Manie aus der Lacanian Topologie vorgestellt

Neste artigo visamos solucionar o enigma dos intervalos lúcidos da Psicose maníaco-depressiva a partir de um estudo de caso atendido em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPSi). Defendemos que se pode sustentar uma experiência rigorosa do dispositivo analítico em instituição pública. Utilizamos a topologia lacaniana dos nós como método para a construção do caso. Postulamos que nos surtos os nós se rompem e depois se rearranjam entre os três registros — real, simbólico e imaginário — formando um nó não borromeano (nó de trevo) que possibilita uma estabilização do sujeito.

In this article we aim at solving the enigma of the lucid intervals in the manic depressive psychosis through the clinical case of a patient treated in a Psychosocial Care Center. We believe we can develop a rigorous experience of the analytical treatment in public health services. We use the Lacanian topology of the knots as a method for the construction of the case. We postulate that in and out of the outbreaks the knots untangle and re-entangle between the three registers — the imaginary, the symbolic and the real — forming a non borromean knot (clover knot) that enable the stabilization of the subject.

Dans cet article nous avons eu pour but de solutionner l’énigme des intervalles lucides de la psychose maniaque dépressive à travers de l’étude d’un cas clinique suivi dans un Centre de Soin Psycho-sociale. Nous croyons qu’on peut maintenir une experience rigoureuse de la psychanalyse dans une institution publique. Nous utilizons la topologie lacanienne des noeuds comme méthode pour construire le cas. Notre proposition est que pendant et après les crises le noeud se rompre et se rénoue entre le réel, le symbolique et l’imaginaire, pas comme un noeud borroméen, mais comme un noeud de trèfle qui permet la stabilization du sujet.

En este artículo se tiene por objetivo solucionar el enigma de los intervalos de lucidez de la psicosis maniaco-depresiva en un estudio de caso clínico tratado en un Centro de Atención Psicosocial. Creemos que uno puede sostener una rigurosa experiencia psicoanalítica en una institución pública. Utilizamos la topología lacaniana de los nudos como método para la construcción del caso. Nuestra proposición es que durante e después de los brotes el nudo se rompe e se reanuda entre el real, el simbólico y el imaginario, non como borromeo, pero como un nudo de trébol que permite la estabilización del sujeto.

In diesem Artikel wollen wir das Rätsel der klaren Intervallen von Psychosis manische Depression aus einer Fallstudie in einem psychosoziale Betreuung Zentrum ( CAPSI ). Wir argumentieren, dass man eine strenge psychoanalytischen Erfahrung in einer öffentlichen Einrichtung aufrecht erhalten kann. Gebrauchte Lacansche Topologie der Knoten als ein Verfahren für die Konstruktion des Fälle. Wir postulieren, dass die Ausbrüche wir gebrochen werden und dann zwischen den drei Datensätze neu ordnen — real, symbolischen und imaginären — eine nicht Borromäischen Knoten (Kleeblattknoten) bildet, die eine Stabilisierung des Themas ermöglicht.

Transmembrane Segment Analysis of Transient Receptor Potential Channel / 中国医科大学学报

Objective To investigate the membrane topology of transient receptor potential(TRP)channel. Methods Glycosylation method was used to investigate the membrane integrations of each hydrophobic segment of canonical TRP(TRPC5). Results In TRPC5 channel,S4?S8 segments were integrated into membrane with Ncyt/Cexo and Nexo/Ccyt orientations sequentially ,and C?terminus was intracellular. S1?S3 segments were integrated into membrane with two possible types. One was that S1 and S3 were integrated into membrane,whereas S2 was left out of the membrane on the cytosolic side;and the other was a mixed type that S1 and S3 were exposed to cytoplasm respectively. Both of them,the N?termi?nus was intracellular. Conclusion S4?S8 segments of TRPC5 are transmembrane segments. The integrations of S1?S3 segments into membrane need to be further investigated.

Numeric reconstruction of 2D cellular actomyosin network from substrate displacement

Introduction: One of the fundamental structural elements of the cell is the cytoskeleton. Along with myosin, actin microfilaments are responsible for cellular contractions, and their organization may be related to pathological changes in myocardial tissue. Due to the complexity of factors involved, numerical modeling of the cytoskeleton has the potential to contribute to a better understanding of mechanical cues in cellular activities. In this work, a systematic method was developed for the reconstruction of an actomyosin topology based on the displacement exerted by the cell on a flexible substrate. It is an inverse problem which could be considered a phenomenological approach to traction force microscopy (TFM). Methods An actomyosin distribution was found with a topology optimization method (TOM), varying the material density and angle of contraction of each element of the actomyosin domain. The routine was implemented with a linear material model for the bidimensional actomyosin elements and tridimensional substrate. The topology generated minimizes the nodal displacement squared differences between the generated topology and experimental displacement fields obtained by TFM. The structure resulting from TOM was compared to the actin structures observed experimentally with a GFP-attached actin marker. Results The optimized topology reproduced the main features of the experimental actin and its squared displacement differences were 11.24 µm2, 27.5% of the sum of experimental squared nodal displacements (40.87 µm2). Conclusion This approach extends the literature with a model for the actomyosin structure capable of distributing anisotropic material freely, allowing heterogeneous contraction over the cell extension.

Uma metodologia para a psicanálise / A methodology for psychoanalysis / Una metodología para el psicoanálisis

Alain Badiou lamentou a hegemonia contemporânea da álgebra (que lida com números) em detrimento da geometria (que lida com formas e figuras). Seguindo o ideal do cogito cartesiano de recobrimento do ser pelo saber, a ciência tem buscado tudo apreender em termos quantitativos, passível de mensuração. Sabemos também que, classicamente, a universalidade é concebível apenas no apagamento das singularidades. Como pensar, nesse contexto, um sujeito? É possível uma fórmula contemplar conjuntamente o universal (matema) e o singular (a que se refere um sujeito)? Torna-se interessante a progressiva escolha de Lacan em trabalhar com a teoria matemática das categorias que se interessam por setas, ou funções, e as deformações que aí se operacionalizam. Poderíamos aventar que Lacan propõe uma metodologia da transformação, ao forçar a ex-sistência do real como terceiro elemento indissociável da consolidada associação científica do saber com a verdade, forçando a subversão do que seriam esses dois últimos termos.

Alain Badiou grieved the contemporary hegemony of algebra (which deals with numbers) over geometry (which deals with shapes and figures). Following the ideal of the Cartesian cogito regarding the Being for Thinking, science has sought to grasp everything in quantitative terms, able to measurement. We also know that, classically, the universality is conceivable only in the deletion of singularities. How should an individual, in this context, think? Is it possible that a formula jointly consider the universal (mathema) and the singular (regarding to an individual)? It is interesting the progressive choice of Lacan in working with the Mathematical theory of categories, who is interested in arrows, or functions, and deformations that are operationalized. We could wonder that Lacan proposes a methodology of transformation, when forcing the ex-sistence of real as the third indissoluble element of consolidated scientific association of knowledge with the truth, forcing the subversion of would be the last two terms.

Alain Badiou lamentó la hegemonía contemporánea del álgebra (que trata números) en detrimento de la geometría (que trata las formas y las figuras). Siguiendo el ideal del código cartesiano de recubrimiento del ser por el saber, la ciencia viene buscando todo el entendimiento en términos cuantitativos, pasible de mensuración. También sabemos que, clásicamente, la universalidad es concebible sólo en la supresión de las singularidades. ¿Cómo una persona puede pensar, en este contexto? ¿Es posible de una fórmula contemplar conjuntamente lo universal (matema) y lo singular (a que se refiere una persona)? Se torna interesante la progresiva elección de Lacan en trabajar con la teoría matemática de las categorías, que se interesan por las flechas, o funciones, y las deformaciones que ahí se ponen en práctica. Podríamos indicar que Lacan propone una metodología de la transformación, al forzar la ex-sistencia de lo real como tercero elemento indisociable de la consolidada asociación científica del saber con la verdad, forzando la subversión de lo que serían estos dos últimos términos.

Sobre los nudos en medicina, cirugía y urología: implicaciones clínicas ycomplicaciones / About knots in medicine, surgery and urology: clinical implications and complications

Estudiar el papel de los nudos en otros campos de la ciencia distintos a las Matemáticas o la Topología, tales como las Ciencias Biológicas, la Medicina, la Cirugía y la Urología. Evaluar su utilidad médica tanto clínica como en el acto quirúrgico, sus complicaciones, los procesos patológicos emparentados con los nudos y reseñar posibles aplicaciones futuras de la topología en Medicina. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Revisión bibliográfica en PubMed/Medline, Dialnet y Google.es sobre las relaciones, implicaciones e importancia de la Topología y los nudos en la práctica médica y quirúrgica habitual, en la patogenia de diversas enfermedades y complicaciones quirúrgicas; así como reseñar otras potenciales aplicaciones médicas de las ciencias topológicas. Para la búsqueda bibliográfica se han utilizado las palabras clave en inglés: “knot, Biology knots, Medicine knots, Surgery knots, catheter knotting” y en castellano: “nudos, quipus, enlaces, trenzas, concatenaciones, y bucles” en combinación con: “Matemáticas, Topología, Biología, Medicina, Cirugía y Urología”. Se obtuvieron un total de 6972 artículos sobre nudos en Medicina desde 1845 a junio de 2014. La revisión de los originales o de los abstracts de PubMed dió lugar a una selección de 65 considerados de mayor interés para la presente revisión. Se consiguieron copias de los artículos originales disponibles o información de los abstracts de PubMed. RESULTADOS: El estudio bibliográfico comprendió desde 1845, fecha en la que se identificó el primer artículo, hasta el 30 de junio de 2014, fecha en la que se cerró el estudio, separados ambos por más de siglo y medio de historia de la medicina.La revisión bibliográfica localizó 6972 artículos desde 1845 al 30 de junio de 2014, de los que se seleccionaron 65, considerados a nuestro juicio los más interesantes para estudiar las relaciones de los nudos con la Biología, Medicina, Cirugía y Urología. Los 65 seleccionados se subdividieron en los siguientes temas: 10...

Study the role of knots in other fields of science other than Mathematics or Topology, such as Biological Sciences, Medicine, Surgery and Urology. Evaluate their medical use, both clinically and in surgery, their complications, the pathological processes related with the knots and to identify possible future applications of the topology in Medicine. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Bibliographical revision in PubMed/Medline, Dialnet and Google.es about the relationships, implications and importance of the Topology and the knots in medical practice and normal surgery, in the pathogeny of several illness and surgical complications; as well as to identify other potential medical applications of the topological sciences. For the bibliographical search, key words in English have been used: “knot, Biology knots, Medicine knots, Surgeryknots, catheter knotting” and in Spanish: “nudos, quipus, enlaces, trenzas, concatenaciones and bucles” together with “Mathematics, Topology, Biology, Medicine, Surgery and Urology”. A total of 6972 articles were found on knots in Medicine from 1845 to June 2014. The revision of the originals or of the abstracts from PubMed led to a selection of 65, considered to be of greater interest for this revision. Copies were obtained of the original articles available or information of the abstracts from PubMed. RESULTS: The bibliographical study covered from 1845, date on which the first article was identified, to June 30th 2014, date on which the study was closed, these dates covering more than a century and a half of medical history. The bibliographical review found 6972 articles from 1845 to June 30th 2014, from which 65 were chosen, these being the most interesting ones in our opinion to study the relations of knots with Biology, Medicine, Surgery and Urology. The 65 that were chosen were subdivided into the following topics: 10 of general interest about knots, 16 on knots and DNA, 20 on knots in Medicine and Surgery, 9 about series of...