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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the spectrum-effect relationship between the total anthraquinone extract of Cassia seeds and fluorouracil (5-Fu)-induced liver injury in mice and identify the effective components in the extract.@*METHODS@#A mouse model of liver injury was established by intraperitoneal injection of 5-Fu, with bifendate as the positive control. The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and myeloperoxidase (MPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in the liver tissue were detected to investigate the effect of the total anthraquinone extract of Cassia seeds (0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 g/kg) on liver injury induced by 5-Fu. HPLC fingerprints of 10 batches of the total anthraquinone extracts were established to analyze the spectrum- effectiveness of the extract against 5- Fu- induced liver injury in mice and screen the effective components using the grey correlation method.@*RESULTS@#The 5- Fu- treated mice showed significant differences in liver function parameters from the normal control mice (P < 0.05), suggesting successful modelling. Compared with those in the model group, serum ALT and AST activities were decreased, SOD and T- AOC activities significantly increased, and MPO level was significantly lowered in the mice treated with the total anthraquinone extract (all P < 0.05). HPLC fingerprints of the 31 components in the total anthraquinone extract of Cassia seeds showed good correlations with the potency index of 5-Fu-induced liver injury but with varying correlation strengths. The top 15 components with known correlations included aurantio-obtusina (peak 6), rhein (peak 11), emodin (peak 22), chrysophanol (peak 29) and physcion (peak 30).@*CONCLUSION@#The effective components in the total anthraquinone extract of Cassia seeds, including aurantio-obtusina, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion, are coordinated to produce protective effects against 5-Fu-induced liver injury in mice.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Emodin , Cassia , Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic , Anthraquinones , Antioxidants , Fluorouracil/adverse effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacologyABSTRACT
AIM To investigate the effect and mechanism of total anthraquinone extract of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and to provide relevant data references for its promising use in the management of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.METHODS SD rats randomly assigned to model group,sham operation group,nimodipine group,total anthraquinone extract groups (high,medium and low dose),8 in each group,were orally administered with corresponding drugs daily for a week,with rats of the model group and sham operation group given the same volume of normal saline before the models established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO).MCAO started thirty minutes after final oral administration,and the induced ischemia went on for 1.5 h for a further reperfusion,24 h after which the neurological function score,brain index,brain water content and cerebral infarct volume were measured.Elisa kits were used to detect superoxide dismutase (SOD),Malondialdehyde (MDA),Nitric oxide (NO),interleukin-1 β (IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor (TNF),interleukin-6 (IL-6).RESULTS The total anthraquinone extract of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma significantly improved the neurological function score,decreased the brain index,brain water content,reduced the cerebral infarct volume (P ＜ 0.05),increased the activity of SOD in brain tissue (P ＜ 0.01),and reduced the levels of MDA and NO in brain tissue (P ＜0.01),and the levels of IL-6,TNF and IL-1β in serum (P ＜0.01) as well.CONCLUSION The obviously protective effect on rats' cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by total anthraquinone extract of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma may contribute to its inhibition of inflammatory response,and its existence as an antioxidant as well.
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Objective To develop a method for the determination of total anthraquinones in Xiaofan lotion by HPLC.Methods Rhubarb anthraquinones were simultaneously separated and assayed on a Kromasil C18 column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm) with the mobile phase of 0.1％phosphoric acid-methanol (15∶85) at 30 ℃.The detection wavelength was 207 nm.Results The linear relationship is good for Aloe-emodin and other five standard ingredients.The average recovery was 99.45％, RSD 1.68％.Conclusion The method is simple, rapid and accurate.It is suitable for determination of total anthraquinones in Xiaofan lotion.
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Objective To investigate the effects of volatile oil of Fructus Evodia, mustar d oil and total anthraquinone in Rheum on the transcutaneous permeability of paeoniflorin. Methods Using intelligent transdermal diffusion cell and excised mice skin in vitro as transdermal barrier, the kinetics parameters such as cumulative permeation quantity, permeation rate and permeation lagged time of the three kinds of penetration enhancers on paeoniflorin were determined by HPLC in 12 hours. Results The penetration rate of volatile oil of Fructus Evodia, mustard oil and total anthraquinone in Rheum were 8.188 6, 3.411 7, 1.230 3 μg/(cm2?h), respectively, the enhancement ratios were 22.6, 9.40, 3.40, respectively, and the permeation lagged times were 0.93, 0.51, 0.83 h, respectively. Conclusion Three penetration enhancers all can enhance previously percutaneous absorption of paeoniflorin, which provides reference for the selection of the penetration enhancers of transdermal delivery.
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Objective: To explore the optimal separation and purification of extract in Xiaozheng Pills (EXP). Methods: We chosed saturation ratio, adsorption ratio, and desorption ratio of total saponins, total anthraquinone, ferulic acid, and hesperidin as evaluation indexes to optimize the purification process of EXP using Z score method. Results: Macroporous resin AB-8 had the best adsorption and desorption properties, while static adsorption was superior to dynamic adsorption. In the course of adsorption, the optimum concentration of the sample liquid was 0.5 g/mL equivalent to raw materia1, static adsorption of 24 h and the resin column diameter-height ratio of 1:10. In the course of elution, the resin column chromatography was eluted with 10 BV of 80% EtOH after removing impurities with 14 BV of water by flow rate of 2 BV/h. Conclusion: Macroporous resin AB-8 is suitable to separate and purify EXP.
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OBJECTIVE: To optimize the process of extacting effective constituents from aerial part of Rheum officinale Baill by Plackett-Burman design combined with CCD response surface methodology. METHODS: In Plackett-Burman combined with CCD response surface design, the independent variables were concentration of ethanol, extraction time, and solvent fold. The dependent variables were contents of total anthraquinone and rheum emodin. RESULTS: The optimal extraction process of total anthraquinone was as follows: 67.25% ethanol, 90 min for reflux per time, 28:1 fold of solvent and 2 times of extraction; the optimal extraction process of emodin was 85% ethanol, 90 min for reflux per time, 40 fold of solvent and 2 times of extration. CONCLUSION: The optimal process is simpleand convenient for extracting aerial part of Rheum officinale Baill with high precision and predictability. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.
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Utilizing the classical method——destruction test of thermostatic heat acceleration and using the residual content of total anthraquinone of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei as an index, the shelf life of Maren Soft Capsules was predicted as 2.13 years when the data were computed and dealt according to Arrhenius eguation
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Objective: To study the effects of four separation and purification methods on total anthraquinone content in Radix et Rhizoma Rhei decoction. Methods: To Compare the purification efficiency of four methods: gelatim precipition, pH adjustment, polyamide adsorption and macropurous resin adsoption, solid content and total anthraquinone in Radix et Rhizoma Rhei decoction were selected as markers. Results: All solid content of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei decoction greatly decreased after purification while the total anthraquinone content was varied from one method to another. The total anthraquinone content retention rate of macroporous adsorption resin Ⅰ and Ⅱ were highest ( 93.21% , 95.63% respectively). Conclusion: Macropurous adsorption resin have a good enriching effect on the separation and purification of total anthraquinone in Radix et Rhizoma Rhei decoction.