ABSTRACT
Background: Tobacco cigarette smoking is one of the major leading causes of death throughout the world. Smoking has both acute and chronic effect on hematological parameters. The aim of the present study was to assess the extent of adverse effects of cigarette smoking on biochemical characteristics in healthy smokers. Materials and methods: Totally 68 subjects were included in the study. 34 current smokers who came from in and around Chidambaram to the RMMC and Hospital who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected as an experimental group. Another 34 non-smokers of the same age group were included separately in this study as a control group. So a total of 68 respondents were contacted for the study. The primary data were collected for 6 months in the year 2017. Hematological parameters were analyzed using standard methods. Results: The mean Hb level in smokers was less than that of the nonsmokers and it was significant at 5% level (p<0.05). Regarding the differential, count means eosinophil and polymorph values were high in the smokers but the lymphocyte value was less in smokers and these changes were significant at 1% level (p<0.01). The WBC-Total count and the ESR value changes were nonsignificant. Conclusion: Effects of smoking on alterations of the hemostatic and fibrinolytic system, antioxidant status and hematology parameters were extensively studied, but the studies presented inconsistent results. The present study was conducted to compare the effect of cigarette smoking on some hematological parameters between smokers and age-matched non-smoker controls.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of different cutoffs applied to the cellularity and various biochemical parameters (BP) (metabolic and enzymatic) to contribute to the etiologic diagnosis of pleural fluids (PF). Design and Methods: We studied 150 samples from patients with pleural effusion, admitted to the Clinical Hospital. The cell count was total/mm3 (TCC) and differential. The simultaneous determination in pleural fluid (PF) and serum (S) of BP were performed on Roche Hitachi 917 autoanalyzer: Glucose (GLU), protein (PT), albumin (ALB), cholesterol (COL), triglycerides (TG), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (FAL), amylase (AMI), total bilirubin (BT). Statistical methods were c² and Fisher. A value of p<0.05 was considered significant. Results: The most common cause of PF among transudates (T) was the heart failure (26%). In exudates (E), infections (43%) and cancer (25%) were the most frequent causes of PF. A TCC ≥ 500 cells/mm3 increased the detection of exudates without affecting the detection of transudate- type fluids. The PF / S ratio of LDH was the most useful among all BP in differentiating between T and E. PT, ALB, COL PF / S relations, and BT value > 0.5 mg / dl would be also suitable for differentiating T and E, and to a lesser extent PF / S for CK, AMI and SAAG. GLU value < 60 mg / dl showed no utility except in empyema. ALP, AST and ALT did not allow differentiating exudates from transudates. Conclusions: The use of a new cutoff for the TCC ≥ 500 cells / mm3 in the differential diagnosis of PF is suggested. Different BP contributed to the differentiation between E and T.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The total and differential cell count of bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL) fluid are useful assessing activity, prognosis and response to therapy in diffuse interstitial lung disease. But controversy exist as to the appropriate method in processing BAL fluid. Therefore we investigated the effect of gauze filtration, centrifugation and different storage time of BAL fluid on the total and differential cell count. METHOD: We obtained BAL fluid from 6 persons with no active lung lesion and divided pooled BAL fluid into several siliconized glass tubes and filtered through 0,1, 2, 4 folds of cotton guaze(pore size:lmm), and compared total cell count using hemocytometer after trypan blue staining and differential cell count after Wright-Giemsa staining of cytocentrifuged preparations. And we also counted total and differential cell count after centrifugation(400g for 30 mm) and various storage time(2hr, 24hr, and 48hr). RESULTS: There was no difference in total and differential cell count according to folds of gauze filtraion. But without gauze filtration, mucus threads that hampered total and differential cell count were found in 2 cases (33%). Centrifugation resulted in loss of total cell count(24+/-18%) without change in differential cell count. There was no change in total cell count after 21w storage but significant cell loss was found after 241w storage time(24hr : 28+/-21%, 48hr: 41+/-24%). However there was no change in differential cell count with 48hr storage time. CONCLUSION: Total and differential cell count of BAL fluid may be best performed after cotton gauze filtration without centrifugation and within 2 hours.