Effect of two hemostatic agents on the bonding strength of total-etch and self-etch adhesive systems in primary tooth dentin / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To explore the effects of two hemostatic agents on the bonding strength of different bonding systems in primary tooth dentin.@*Methods @# Seventy-two retained deciduous teeth were randomly selected. Forty-eight teeth were used to construct the microleakage model, the other 24 teeth were cut along the mesial and distal directions and 48 samples were obtained to construct the shear bond strength model. The two experiments were divided into 2 groups. Group A was the total-etch group: A1 (ViscoStat + Spectrum Bond NT); A2 (ViscoStat Clear + Spectrum Bond NT); and A3 (Non + Spectrum Bond NT); Group B was the self-etch group: B1 (ViscoStat + Single bond Universal Adhesive); B2 (ViscoStat Clear + Single bond Universal Adhesive); and B3 (Non + Single bond Universal Adhesive). Microleakage experiments and shear bond strength experiments were carried out respectively and the morphology of the fracture surface was observed by scanning electron microscopy.@* Results @#There was no significant difference in microleakage among groups A1, A2, and A3 (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in microleakage among groups B1, B2, and B3 (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the shear bond strength among groups A1, A2 and A3 (P > 0.05). The shear bond strength of groups B1 and B2 was significantly lower than that of group B3 (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between groups B1 and B2 (P > 0.05). @*Conclusion@#ViscoStat and ViscoStat Clear had no effect on the marginal integrity of deciduous tooth dentin under the different bonding systems. The two hemostatic agents reduced the shear bonding strength of deciduous tooth dentin under the self-etch adhesive system, but had no effect on the shear bonding strength of deciduous tooth dentin under the total-etch adhesive system.

Shear Bond Strength and Failure Mode of Different Dental Adhesive Systems

@#The study aimed to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) and to analyse the failure mode at the resindentine interface of different dental adhesive systems. A total of 75 sound premolar teeth were selected and randomly assigned into five different adhesive groups (n=15): OptiBond Solo (OBS, total-etch), OptiBond Versa (OBV, two-bottles, self-etch), Adhe SE Ivoclar (ADHE, two-bottles, self-etch), G-Bond (GB, one-bottle, selfetch), and OptiBond All in One (OBO, one-bottle, self-etch). The occlusal surface of each tooth was flattened and composite resin cylinder (4x2 mm) was built up on the flat dentine surface using a custom made mould. The specimens were then subjected to 500 thermal cycles between 5 °C and 55 °C and dwell time of 20s. The SBS test was conducted using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Dunnett T3 Test. Failure mode was determined as adhesive, cohesive or mixed mode using a stereomicroscope and the data were analyzed using Fisher's exact test. The total-etch (OBS) had significantly higher value of SBS than the two self-etch (ADHE and GB) adhesive systems. Within the self-etch systems, OBV showed significantly higher SBS value compared to ADHE and GB. There were no statistically significant differences between types of failure mode (p > 0.05) and adhesive group. It can be concluded that the different compositions in the self-etch adhesive materials may contribute to the different SBS value. The failure modes detected within all tested groups did not show clinically important differences

Bond strength assessment of a universal adhesive system in etch-and-rinse and self-etch modes / Avaliação da resistência de união de um sistema adesivo universal no modo convencional e autocondicionante

Abstract Introduction Modern dentistry is reflected in the insertion of new materials with different adhesion forms in dental structures, such as the Universal adhesive system. Objective To evaluate the bond strength of the universal dentin adhesive system, in the form of self-etching and conventional application, compared with a simplified conventional adhesive system, in two distinct periods: 1 week and 6 months. Material and method 48 bovine incisors separated into 6 groups, stored for 7 days, were selected. Worn out the buccal enamel until dentin exposure. Adper Single Bond 2 (3M Espe) or SingleBond Universal (3M Espe) adhesives were applied, and catheters filled with Opallis Flow (FGM) composite were placed. After photoactivation, the catheters were removed and the specimens (n ​​= 48), stored in distilled water at 37 °C for one week and six months, were exposed. The specimens were fixed to a universal testing machine (EMIC DL 2000) with a speed of 0.5 mm / min. Bond strength (BS) was calculated in MPa, and data were statistically analyzed by Anova and Tukey test at 5% significance level. Result For Adper Single bond, the BS was equivalent in the times tested; for Universal conventional and self-conditioning time influenced the BS, with a decrease in the results. At 1 week, all stickers were different from each other, with higher BS for Universal conventional mode, followed by universal self-etching mode and then Adper Single bond. Conclusion The best results were achieved with universal adhesive in conventional mode for both tested times.

Resumo Introdução A odontologia moderna é refletida na inserção de novos materiais com diferentes formas de adesão nas estruturas dentárias, como o sistema adesivo Universal. Objetivo Avaliar a resistência adesiva do sistema adesivo universal em dentina, na forma de aplicação auto condicionante e convencional, comparando com um sistema adesivo convencional simplificado, em dois períodos distintos: 1 semana e 6 meses. Material e método Foram selecionados 48 incisivos bovinos separados em 6 grupos, armazenados por 7 dias. Desgastado o esmalte vestibular, até exposição da dentina. Aplicaram-se os adesivos Adper Single Bond 2 (3M Espe) ou SingleBond Universal (3M Espe), e sobre este, posicionados cateteres preenchidos com o compósito Opallis Flow (FGM). Após fotoativação, removeram-se os cateteres e expuseram-se os corpos de prova (n=48), armazenados em água destilada a 37 °C por uma semana e seis meses. Os corpos de prova foram fixados uma máquina universal de ensaios (EMIC DL 2000), com velocidade de 0,5 mm/min. A resistência de união (RU) foi calculada em MPa, e os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pela Anova e pelo teste de Tukey ao nível de 5% de significância. Resultado Para Adper Single bond, a RU foi equivalente nos tempos testados; para Universal modo convencional e autocondicionante o tempo influenciou na RU, havendo um decréscimo nos resultados. Em 1 semana, todos os adesivos foram diferentes entre si, com maior RU para Universal modo convencional, seguido por universal modo autocondicionante e então pelo Adper Single bond. Conclusão O melhor desempenho foi do adesivo universal na forma convencional nos dois tempos testados.

Comparative Evaluation Of Different Placement Techniques Of Composite Resin And Different Bonding Agents On Marginal Leakage In Class V Tooth Preparation: An In Vitro Study

An in vitro study was conducted to compare microleakage in nanohybrid composite restorations in Class V cavities using total etch and self-etch adhesives and two different horizontal layering techniques. Cavities were made on buccal and lingual surfaces of forty extracted premolar teeth and divided into groups A and B containing buccal surface cavities treated with total etch adhesive system and lingual surface cavities treated with Single step adhesive respectively. Cavities were restored using nanohybrid composite and randomly divided into four subgroups depending on incremental technique used. Specimens were then immersed in methylene blue dye for 24 hours and analysed under stereomicroscope for dye penetration. Results indicated microleakage with all groups with total etch group showing superior results than self etch group and group in which occlusal increment was placed first showing superior results than group with gingival increment placed first.

Influência da clorexidina na resistência de união longitudinal à dentina: estudo in vitro / Influence of chlorhexidine on longitudinal bond strength to dentin: in vitro study

Objetivo: Este estudo avaliou o efeito da solução de gluconato de clorexidina 0,2% (CHX) usado como primer terapêutico sobre a resistência de união longitudinal de adesivo convencional a dentina. Material e Métodos: dentes bovinos foram desgastados para obter uma área de dentina, e foram divididos em 2 grupos: Grupo C (Controle) - ácido fosfórico à 37%) + 0,2% CHX por 30s + Single Bond. Blocos de resina composta form fabricados e armazenados por 24 h e 6 meses, seccionados e submetidos ao teste de resistência a microtração. Os resultados foram analisados por ANOVA dois-fatores seguido pelo teste de Tukey. Resultados: Valores de média (±Desvio-padrão) (MPa): Grupo CHX/24h - 41,8(±2,62)A; Grupo C/24h - 40,8(±3,35)AB; Grupo CHX/6 meses ­ 36,4(±3,52)B; Grupo CHX/6 meses - 26,1(±1,54) C. Resultados: Valores de média (±Desvio-padrão) (MPa): CHX (24 h) ­ 41,76 (±2,62)a; C (24h) ­ 40,81 (±3,35)ab; GT (24h): 37,38(2,98)abc; CHX (6 meses) ­ 36,04 (±3,52) bcd; EGCG (24h) ­ 35,91 (±4,82)cd; EGCG (6 meses) ­ 35,75 (±4,44)cd; GT (6 meses) ­ 31,95 (±3,40)de; C (6 meses): 30,05 (±1,54)e. Conclusão: CHX aumentou a resistência de união imediata da interface dentina-resina e significantemente reduziu a perda de resistência de união após 6 meses de armazenagem em água quando comparado ao grupo controle.(AU)

Objective: This study evaluated the effect of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate solution used as an therapeutic primer on the long-term bond strength of etch-and-rinse adhesive to dentin. Material and Methods: Bovine incisors were worn to expose an area of dentin and were divided into 2 groups: Group C (Control) - acid etching with 37% phosphoric acid + Single Bond; Group CHX (0.2% CHX) - acid etching with 37% phosphoric acid + 0.2% CHX for 30 s + Single Bond. Blocks of composite were fabricated and stored for 24 h or 6 months, sectioned into beams and submitted to microtensile tests. Results were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. Results: Mean (±SD) values (in MPa) were as follow: Group CHX/24h - 41.8(±2.62)A; Group C/24h - 40.8(±3.35)AB; Group CHX/6 months ­ 36.4(±3.52)B; Group CHX/6 months - 26.1(±1.54)C. Conclusion: CHX improve the imediatte bond strength of resin-dentin and significantly lowered the loss of bond strength after 6 months water storage as seen in the control bonds.(AU)

Experimental study on the sealing of dentin tubules by penetrating resin or fluid resin / 实用口腔医学杂志

Objective:To study the sealing effect of penetrating resin and fluid resin on the exposed dentin with self-etching and to-tal-etching methods,respectively.Methods:60 fresh extracted teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups(n =15).The enamel layer at the tooth neck was cut off,the dentin layer was exposed and adhered with penetrating resin Icon-Infiltration following Icon-Etch etching(group A),Icon-Infiltration following SE-Bond etching(group B),FiltekTMZ350X following SE-Bond etching(group C)and Prime &Bond NT combined with FiltekTMZ350XT following Gluma acid etching(group D),respectively.The morphological change of the dentin-resin interface was examined by the scanning electron microscope.The thickness of adhensive layer hybrid layer and the length of resin tag were measured.Data were statistically analysed.Results:Tight adhesion layer was observe in all groups.The hy-brid layer of the adhesive interface of group D was thicker than that of other groups(P <0.05);the resin tags in the dentin tubules of group A were longer than those of other groups(P <0.05);the bonding agent layer of group C was the thickest(P <0.05).Conclu-sion:The penetrating resin can form more effective protection layer on the exposed dentin surface and longer resin tags pernertrating in-to the dentin tubules than self-etch/total-etch bond system with fluid resin.

Effect of chlorhexidine, green tea and egcg as therapeutic primers to increase the durability of resin-dentin bond / Efeito da clorexidina, do chá verde e do EGCG como primers terapêuticos para aumentar a durabilidade da adesão resinadentina

Objetivo: este estudo avaliou o efeito da solução de gluconato de clorexidina 0,2% (CHX), do chá verde e do componente ativo epigallocatequina 3-gallato (gel de EGCG) usados como primers terapêuticos sobre a resistência de união longitudinal de adesivo convencional a dentina. Material e Métodos: oitenta dentes bovinos foram desgastados para obter uma área de dentina plana, que foi condicionada (ácido fosfórico à 37%) seguida de lavagem. Os dentes foram divididos em 4 grupos (n- 20): Grupo C (Controle) - Single Bond; Grupo CHX – 0,2% CHX por 30s + Single Bond; Grupo EGCG - gel de EGCG 10µM por 30s + Single Bond; Group GT – chá verde aquoso por 30s + Single Bond. Blocos de resina composta form fabricados e armazenados por 24 h e 6 meses, seccionados e submetidos ao teste de resistência a microtração. Os resultados foram analisados por ANOVA dois-fatores seguido pelo teste de Tukey. Resultados: Valores de média (±Desvio-padrão) (MPa): CHX (24 h) – 41,76 (±2,62)a; C (24 h) – 40,81 (±3,35)ab; GT (24h): 37,38(2,98)abc; CHX (6 meses) – 36,04 (±3,52) bcd; EGCG (24h) – 35,91 (±4,82)cd; EGCG (6 meses) – 35,75 (±4,44)cd; GT (6 meses) – 31,95 (±3,40)de; C (6 meses): 30,05 (±1,54)e. Conclusão: O gel de EGCG produziu uma interface adesiva dentina-resina que não alterou os valores de resistência de união após 6 meses de armazenagem em água, mas reduziu a resistência de união para o tempo de 24 h quando comparado com os grupos Controle e CHX.

Objective: This study evaluated the effect of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate solution (CHX), green tea and active epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG) used as therapeutic primers on the longterm bond strength of etch-and-rinse adhesive to dentin. Material and Methods: Eighty bovine incisors were worn to expose an area of dentin, that were acid-etched (37% phosphoric acid) and rinsed. The teeth were divided into 4 groups (n = 20): Group C (Control) - Single Bond; Group CHX - 0.2% CHX for 30s + Single Bond; Group EGCG - active EGCG gel at 10 µM for 30 s + Single Bond; Group GT - aqueous green tea for 30s + Single Bond. Blocks of composite were fabricated and stored for 24 h or 6 months, sectioned into beams and submitted to microtensile tests. Results were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (5%). Results: Mean (±SD) values (in MPa) were as follow: CHX (24 h) – 41.76 (±2.62); C (24 h) - 40.81 (±3.35); GT (24 h): 37.38(2.98); CHX (6 months) - 36.04 (±3.52); EGCG (24h) - 35.91 (±4.82); EGCG (6 months) - 35.75 (±4.44); GT (6 months) - 31.95 (±3.40); C (6 months): 30.05 (±1.54). Conclusion: EGCG produced resin-dentin bonds that did not change after 6 months water storage but it decreased the immediate bond strength when compared to control and chlorhexidine groups

Evaluación del grado de sellado marginal y resistencia adhesiva de restauraciones de resina compuesta con adhesivo convencional en dentición primaria y definitiva / Evaluation of microleakage and strength adhesive of composite resin restorations with total etch adhesive system in primary and permanent teeth

El presente estudio evaluó el grado de sellado marginal y resistencia adhesiva de restauraciones de resinas compuestas confeccionadas con un sistema adhesivo de grabado y lavado en dentición primaria y definitiva. Para realizar ambos test se utilizaron 20 piezas primarias y 20 piezas definitivas. En resistencia al cizallamiento, los dientes fueron seccionados longitudinalmente y se les adhirió un cilindro de resina compuesta, utilizando la técnica adhesiva de grabado y lavado para ambas denticiones. Posteriormente, fueron testeados en una máquina de ensayos universales Tinius Olsen, aplicando una fuerza de cizallamiento de 200 kg y a una velocidad de cabezal de 0,2 cm/min. Para el test de sellado marginal, se les realizó una preparación cavitaria clase V, por vestibular/palatino estandarizada. Luego se les confeccionaron restauraciones de resina compuesta con la técnica de grabado y lavado, y se sometieron al termociclado con azul de metileno al 2%; después fueron cortados y observados al microscopio óptico estereoscópico con aumento de lupa, para medir el porcentaje de microfiltración obtenido. El valor promedio de la resistencia adhesiva al cizallamiento para dentición primaria fue de 8,49 Mpa, y de 9,52 Mpa para dentición definitiva, no encontrándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos en estudio. En la investigación sobre el grado de sellado marginal se evaluó el porcentaje de microfiltración y tampoco se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas, lo que señalaría que ambos tejidos son igualmente susceptibles de ser tratados adhesivamente mediante la técnica de hibridación.

The present study evaluated the degree of marginal seal and adhesive resistance of composite resin restorations prepared with an etch and rinse adhesive system in primary and definitive dentition. To perform both tests, 20 primary pieces and 20 permanent pieces were used. In the shear strength resistance, the teeth were sectioned longitudinally and were adhered to composite resin cylinder, using the etch and rinse technique for both dentitions. They were then tested on a Tinius Olsen universal testing machine, applying a shear force of 200 kg and a head speed of 0.2 cm/min. For the margin seal test, a class V cavity preparation of standardised vestibular/palatine was made. The composite resin restorations were made with the etch and rinse technique and were subjected to thermocycling with 2% methylene blue. Later, they were cut and observed using a stereoscopic optical microscope with loop magnification to measure the percentage of microfiltration obtained. The mean value of the adhesive resistance to shearing for primary dentition was 8.49 Mpa, and 9.52 Mpa for permanent teeth, with no statistically significant differences being found between the groups studied. In the test on the degree of margin seal the percentage microfiltration was measured, with no statistically significant differences being found either. The results showed that both tissues are equally susceptible to being treated adhesively using the hybrid technique.

The Effect Of Different Dental Adhesive Systems On Hybrid Layer Qualities

The study aimed to evaluate the quality of the hybridlayer form by three different adhesive systems. Class Vcavities were prepared on the buccal surface of fourtyextracted human premolars. The prepared teeth wererandomly assigned into four groups according to theadhesive system and application mode. The systemswere: Optibond S (OS, total-etch); Optibond Versa (OV,two-bottles, self-etch); Single Bond Universal (SBU,one-bottle, self-etch) and Single Bond Universal withetchant (SBU + etchant). All cavities were restored withcomposite (Filtek Z350XT). The samples were sectioned,polished and pretreated to remove minerals, proteinand water prior to SEM evaluation. From the images,thickness of the hybrid layers was measured. Present ofresin tags and adaptation failure were also recorded. Thedata obtained were analyzed using ANOVA, Dunnett’sT3, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. OS groupshowed the highest average hybrid layer thickness (4.34µm), followed by SBU + etchant (3.06 µm), OV (1.91 µm)and SBU (0.95 µm). Both adhesive and cohesive failureswere observed in SBU group. Present of prominent resintags were seen in both OS and OV groups. In conclusion,all the investigated adhesive systems were able to performdistinguishable actions as shown in micro-morphologicalalteration and hybrid layer thickness. Two-bottles, selfetchadhesive (OV) was proven to produce negligibleadaptation failure compared to other adhesive systems inthe present study. Combined all-in-one adhesive (SBU)was found to render a superior bonding performance intotal-etch mode comparing to self-etch mode.

Nano-resin and self-etching adhesive for bonding repair of anterior tooth defects with vital pulp:A 2-year follow-up / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Compared with the conventional composite resin, the 3M Z350 nano-resin has good wear resistance, physical mechanical properties, and polishing, and exerts a lower irritation to the dental pulp. Besides fil ing materials, a reliable tooth-prosthesis bonding interface is necessary for resin bonded repairs. OBJECTIVE:To compare the clinical effects of self-etch bonding Adper Easy One and total-etch bonding Single Bond 2 on nano-resin bonding restoration of the anterior teeth. METHODS:120 anterior teeth with vital pulp, which had defects at the incisal ends and were to be restored with nano resins, were divided into two groups randomly. Two kinds of adhesives, self-etch adhesive and total-etch adhesive, combined with nano-resin were used to restore the teeth. The patients were re-examined immediately, 6 months, 1 year and 2 years after the treatment. The fil ings, teeth and pulps of patients were examined, including whether the prosthesis and tooth color were coordinated, whether the gap between the prosthesis and the teeth were sealed, whether the surface of the prosthesis was intact with no loose, whether the prosthesis and teeth had no staining and secondary caries, whether the condition of the tooth pulp had hot or cold stimulation-induced pain. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:No significant difference in the fil ing effects was found between the two groups when the patients were re-examined immediately, 6 months and 1 year after the treatment (P>0.05). The pulp lesions of the self-etching group were fewer than those of the total-etch group 2 years after the treatment (Pincomplete restoration and secondary caries, respectively. No statistical y significant differences were found in these four aspects between the two groups (P>0.05). The 2-year fol ow up showed a low incidence of pulp lesions and satisfactory clinical performance after 3M Z350 nano-resin working with self-etching bonding system in the nano-resin fil ing of anterior teeth with vital pulp.

Effect of chlorhexidine application on the bond strength of resin core to axial dentin in endodontic cavity

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the influence of chlorhexidine (CHX) on the microtensile bonds strength (microTBS) of resin core with two adhesive systems to dentin in endodontic cavities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Flat dentinal surfaces in 40 molar endodontic cavities were treated with self-etch adhesive system, Contax (DMG) and total-etch adhesive system, Adper Single Bond 2 (3M ESPE) after the following surface treatments: (1) Priming only (Contax), (2) CHX for 15 sec + rinsing + priming (Contax), (3) Etching with priming (Adper Single Bond 2), (4) Etching + CHX for 15 sec + rinsing + priming (Adper Single Bond 2). Resin composite build-ups were made with LuxaCore (DMG) using a bulk method and polymerized for 40 sec. For each condition, half of specimens were submitted to microTBS after 24 hr storage and half of them were submitted to thermocycling of 10,000 cycles between 5degrees C and 55degrees C before testing. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and independent t-test at a significance level of 95%. RESULTS: CHX pre-treatment did not affect the bond strength of specimens tested at the immediate testing period, regardless of dentin surface treatments. However, after 10,000 thermocycling, all groups showed reduced bond strength. The amount of reduction was greater in groups without CHX treatments than groups with CHX treatment. These characteristics were the same in both self-etch adhesive system and total-etch adhesive system. CONCLUSIONS: 2% CHX application for 15 sec proved to alleviate the decrease of bond strength of dentin bonding systems. No significant difference was shown in microTBS between total-etching system and self-etching system.

The effect of Er,Cr:YSGG irradiation on microtensile bond strength of composite resin restoration / 대한치과보존학회지

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation with hypersensitivity mode on microtensile bond strength of composite resin. Twenty extracted permanent molars were randomly assigned to six groups, according to the irradiation of Er,Cr:YSGG laser, adhesive system (Optibond FL or Clearfil SE bond) and application time of etchant (15 sec or 20 sec). Then composite resin was build up on each conditioned surface. The restored teeth were stored in distilled water at room temperature for 24 h and twelve specimens for each group were prepared. All specimens were subjected to microtensile bond strength and the fracture modes were evaluated. Also, the prepared dentin surface and laser irradiated dentin surface were examined under SEM. The results were as follows: 1. The microtensile bond strength of laser irradiated group was lower than that of no laser irradiated group. 2. Regardless of laser irradiation, the microtensile bond strength of Optibond FL was higher than that of Clearfil SE bond. And the microtensile bond strength of 20 sec etching group was higher than that of 15 sec etching group when using Optibond FL. 3. The SEM image of laser irradiated dentin surface showed prominent peritubular dentin, opened dentinal tubules and no smear layer.

The effect of thermocycling on the durability of dentin adhesive systems / 대한치과보존학회지

The objectives of this study was to evaluate the effect of thermocycling on the microTBS (microtensile bond strength) to dentin with four different adhesive systems to examine the bonding durability. Freshly extracted 3rd molar teeth were exposed occlusal dentin surfaces, and randomly distributed into 8 adhesive groups: 3-steps total-etching (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus; SM, All Bond-2; AB), 2-steps total-etching (Single Bond; SB, One Step plus; OS), 2-steps self-etching (Clearfil SE Bond; SE, AdheSE; AD) and single-step self-etching systems (Promp L-Pop; PL, Xeno III; XE). Each adhesive system in 8 adhesives groups was applied on prepared dentin surface as an instruction and resin composite (Z250) was placed incrementally and light-cured. The bonded specimens were sectioned with low-speed diamond saw to obtain 1 x 1 mm sticks after 24 hours of storage at 37degrees C distilled water and proceeded thermocycling at the pre-determined cycles of 0, 1,000 and 2,000. The microTBS test was carried out with EZ-tester at 1 mm/min. The results of bond strength test were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA/Duncan's test at the alpha < 0.05 confidence level. Also, the fracture mode of debonded surface and the interface were examined under SEM. The results of this study were as follows; 1. 3-step total etching adhesives showed stable, but bond strength of 2-step adhesives were decreased as thermocycling stress. 2. SE showed the highest bond strength, but single step adhesives (PL, XE) had the lowest value both before and after thermocycling. 3. Most of adhesives showed adhesive failure. The total-etching systems were prone to adhesive failure and the single-step systems were mixed failure after thermocycling. Within limited results of this study, the bond strength of adhesive system was material specific and the bonding durability was affected by the bonding step/procedure of adhesive. Simplified bonding procedures do not necessarily imply improved bonding performance.

The effect of thermocycling on the durability of dentin adhesive systems / 대한치과보존학회지

The objectives of this study was to evaluate the effect of thermocycling on the microTBS (microtensile bond strength) to dentin with four different adhesive systems to examine the bonding durability. Freshly extracted 3rd molar teeth were exposed occlusal dentin surfaces, and randomly distributed into 8 adhesive groups: 3-steps total-etching (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus; SM, All Bond-2; AB), 2-steps total-etching (Single Bond; SB, One Step plus; OS), 2-steps self-etching (Clearfil SE Bond; SE, AdheSE; AD) and single-step self-etching systems (Promp L-Pop; PL, Xeno III; XE). Each adhesive system in 8 adhesives groups was applied on prepared dentin surface as an instruction and resin composite (Z250) was placed incrementally and light-cured. The bonded specimens were sectioned with low-speed diamond saw to obtain 1 x 1 mm sticks after 24 hours of storage at 37degrees C distilled water and proceeded thermocycling at the pre-determined cycles of 0, 1,000 and 2,000. The microTBS test was carried out with EZ-tester at 1 mm/min. The results of bond strength test were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA/Duncan's test at the alpha < 0.05 confidence level. Also, the fracture mode of debonded surface and the interface were examined under SEM. The results of this study were as follows; 1. 3-step total etching adhesives showed stable, but bond strength of 2-step adhesives were decreased as thermocycling stress. 2. SE showed the highest bond strength, but single step adhesives (PL, XE) had the lowest value both before and after thermocycling. 3. Most of adhesives showed adhesive failure. The total-etching systems were prone to adhesive failure and the single-step systems were mixed failure after thermocycling. Within limited results of this study, the bond strength of adhesive system was material specific and the bonding durability was affected by the bonding step/procedure of adhesive. Simplified bonding procedures do not necessarily imply improved bonding performance.

Microshear bond strength of adhesives according to the direction of enamel rods / 대한치과보존학회지

This study compared the microshear bond strength (microSBS) to end and side of enamel rod bonded by four adhesives including two total etch adhesives and two self-etch adhesives. Crown segments of extracted human molars were cut mesiodistally. The outer buccal or lingual surface was used as specimens cutting the ends of enamel rods, and inner slabs used as specimens cutting the sides of enamel rods. They were assigned to four groups by used adhesives: Group 1 (All-Bond 2), Group 2 (Single Bond), Group 3 (Tyrian SPE/One-Step Plus), Group 4 (Adper Prompt L-Pop). After each adhesive was applied to enamel surface, three composite cylinders were adhered to it of each specimen using Tygon tube. After storage in distilled water for 24 hours, the bonded specimens were subjected to microSBS testing with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/minute. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The microSBS of Group 2 (16.50 +/- 2.31 MPa) and Group 4 (15.83 +/- 2.33 MPa) to the end of enamel prism was significantly higher than that of Group 1 (11.93 +/- 2.25 MPa) and Group 3 (11.97 +/- 2.05 MPa) (p < 0.05). 2. The microSBS of Group 2 (13.43 +/- 2.93 MPa) to the side of enamel prism was significantly higher than that of Group 1 (8.64 +/- 1.53 MPa), Group 3 (9.69 +/- 1.80 MPa), and Group 4 (10.56 +/- 1.75 MPa) (p < 0.05). 3. The mean microSBS to the end of enamel rod was significantly higher than that to the side of enamel rod in all group (p < 0.05).