Effect of“Qiangzhizufang” on the rat model of Tourette syndrome combined with fear / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To explore the functional mechanism of a Chinese medicine compound “Qiangzhizufang”on rat model of Tourette syndrome ( TS) combined with fear.Methods The rat model of TS combined with fear was established by intraperitoneal injection of 3,3’-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) combined with acoustic stimulation.After giving different drug lavage treatment, the changes of behavior of the rat models were assessed by field test and behavior test.The content of DA, TH and TH mRNA in the brain tissue was detected by HPLC, immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR, separately.Results Compared with the normal control group, stereotyped behavior and exercise behavior were increased, freezing time prolonged, but the content of DA, TH and TH mRNA in the brain tissue were not obviously changed in the model control group.Compared with the model control group, the stereotyped behavior and exercise behavior were decreased, content of DA, TH and TH mRNA in the brain tissue was decreased in the “Qiangzhizufang” group. Conclusions The Chinese medicine compound“Qiangzhizufang” can improve the behavior in rat models of TS combined with fear.This effect may be realized through down-regurating TH mRNA expression, reducing the content of TH, and reducing the dopamine synthesis.

Perinatal Risk factors in the Pathogenesis of Tourette Syndrome: preliminary findings of a Case-Control Study / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVE: Tourettes Syndrome(75) is a childhood onset movement disorder that Is characterized by a chronic waxing and waning severity of motor and phonic tics. Increased rates of pre- and perinatal complications in 75 subjects have been reported. This case-control study examined three hypotheses. Compared to normal controls,75 subjects will have a higher rate of exposure to 1) hypoxic perinatal risk factors such as prolonged labor(>or=20 hours) in duration, and 2) severe maternal nausea and vomiting during the first trimester. Furthermore, 3) the presence of these perinatal risk factors will predict a more severe tic severity outcome in 75 subjects. METHOD: Twenty four 75 subjects who were loom in 8 consecutive months of 1975 and retired to the Yale Child Study Center fir the evaluation of 75, and 29 matched community controls were recruited. Subjects were interviewed in-person with Modified Schedule for Risk and Protective Factors in Early Development. Logistic regression and correlation analyses were performed. RESULTS: The rates of prolonged labor and severe nausea and vomiting during first trimester were significantly elevated in 75 subjects. Prolonged labor and forceps delivery were positively associated with worst ever tic severity. CONCLUSION: These findings support the importance of the role of perinatal risk factors including prolonged labor, severe hyperemesis during the first trimester, and forceps delivery in the pathogenesis of TS and expression of tic severity.

Characteristics of TCM Syndromes in 126 Children with Tourette Syndrome / 中医杂志

Objective To investigate the characteristics of TCM syndromes of Tourette syndrome (TS) to find out the basis for its TCM treatment. Methods Based on the preliminary studies,the TCM syndrome scale of TS is designed to investigate the general data,main symptoms and syndromes of 126 cases of TS children to find out the frequency of each syndrome. Results Of the 126 TS cases,97 were males,accounting for 77%; the average age was 8.31 years; and 32 had a positive family history,accountting for 25.4%. In the tic behavior,the facial twitching and limb twitching occupied 91.6% of the muscular stereotyped tic. In the vocal behavior,the throat and nasal sound occupied 42.1%. In the accompanied symptoms,the inattention occupied 69.8%. In the personality offset,the willfulness occupied 49.2%,irritable hyperactivity occupied 78.6%,and silence occupied 7.1%. More than 50% of the patients had red or dark red tongue with thick or sticky coating. Nearly 70% of them had string-taut or rolling pulse. As for the syndromes,heart-liver deficiency with deficiency wind stirred up,and liver-kidney yin deficiency with yang hyperactivity stirring up wind were common,being 41.3% and 34.1% respectively. Conclusion TS takes the heart-liver deficiency with deficiency wind stirred up and liver-kidney yin deficiency with yang hyperactivity stirring up wind as the common syndromes. The basic treating principle is enriching yin and reducing yang,and smoothing the liver to stop wind. At the same time,reinforcing the spleen and nourishing the heart,and dissolving phlegm and enlightening the brain should be applied for treatment.