Spatial and temporal analysis of MDR-TB epidemic based on SaTScan in Nanning in 2017 - 2021 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objectives To analyze the spatial and temporal aggregation of multidrug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR-TB) incidence in Nanning at the township / street scale from 2017 to 2021, to explore the spatial and temporal characteristics of the spread of MDR-TB in Nanning, and to provide a scientific reference basis for the health administrative departments to achieve the precise implementation of MDR-TB prevention and control. Methods Based on the data of MDR-TB cases in Nanning from 2017 to 2021, the spatial-temporal scanning analysis software SaTScan v9.7 was used to retrospectively detect and analyze the areas where MDR-TB cases gathered. Results Through simple spatial scanning analysis, it was found that there were three first-class aggregation areas (the aggregation center was Fujiayuan Street, Jiangnan District, 2017, Xinyang Street, Xixiangtang District, 2019, and Zhonghe Town, Yongning District, 2020), and one second-class aggregation area (the aggregation center was Jinchai Town, Mashan County, 2020). Simple time scanning showed that the clustering occurred from May 2019 to December 2020. Temporal and spatial aggregation analysis showed that Xinyang Street in Xixiangtang District was the center of the first-class aggregation area, Zhonghe Town in Yongning District was the center of the second-class aggregation area, and Jinchai Town in Mashan County was the center of the third-class aggregation area. Conclusion The multidrug resistant pulmonary tuberculosis epidemic in Nanning is distributed in an aggregated manner, especially in Xinyang Street, Xixiangtang District, which has the highest spatial and temporal aggregation. It is necessary to focus on and take regional prevention and control measures to control the epidemic.

Leptospirosis Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Town Service Workers in Kuching, Malaysia

@#Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate town service personnel’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding leptospirosis prevention and the influencing factors to its practice. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Kuching, Malaysia, involving town service workers using a self-administered validated questionnaire comprising sociodemographic and KAP information. The eligibility criteria included 18 years old and above and having worked for more than six months. The KAP was determined using descriptive analysis, and associations were identified using logistic regression analysis. Results: About 189 town service workers responded, giving a response rate of 87.5%, and a majority of them were Bumiputera Sarawak, with a mean age of 38.6 (±11.00) years old. The mean duration of employment was 9.3 (±6.99) years. About 88.9% had good knowledge of leptospirosis. Meanwhile, 85.2% and 79.9% had satisfactory attitudes and good practices. The knowledge on the aetiology of leptospirosis ranged from 25% to 94%. No significant association was found between the knowledge score and income with the practice score. The attitude score (AOR 1.161; 95% CI = 1.090, 1.238; p = 0.000) and working experience (AOR 1.174; 95% CI = 1.023, 1.346; p = 0.022) were found to be significantly associated with their practice score. Conclusion: Most town service workers have good knowledge and practice regarding leptospirosis prevention. Workers with good attitudes demonstrate good practising habits toward leptospirosis prevention. Awareness and activities related to disease prevention should be encouraged to ensure the continuity of a positive attitude.

Satscan based small scale spatiotemporal trend analysis of human schistosomiasis in Gong'an County and Jiangling County, Hubei Province / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To analyze the spatial clustering of human schistosomiasis at the village level in key counties in Hubei Province, to provide scientific evidence for formulating strategies for human schistosomiasis prevention and control in the next stage. Methods Gong'an County and Jiangling County in Hubei Province were selected as representative counties for this study. A town or village was set up as a research unit. Schistosomiasis cases of a positive fecal examination in 2015 and cases with positive detection for schistosomiasis serological antibody titer equal or above 80 in 2016-2018 were selected as research subjects in these two counties. The Kulldorff circular scan statistic was used for the spatial clustering analysis of human schistosomiasis infection status in the population. Results There was spatial clustering of positive schistosomiasis cases of fecal examination, at the level of a town or village in both counties in 2015. There was spatial clustering of positive human serological antibody detection at the level of town or village from 2016-2018. Eighty-six endemic villages in five towns in the northeast of Gong'an County, along the Yangtze river,including Mahaokou Town, Zhakou Town, Yangjiachang Town, Jiazhuyuan Town and Douhuti Town, were the most prominent. There was no spatial clustering of positive results of human serological antibody detection at the town and village level in Jiangling County, in2017, while there was spatial clustering of human serological antibody detection in 2016 and 2018,respectively. Fifty-seven endemic villages in two towns (Puji Town and Xionghe Town) in the southwest of Jiangling County, along the Yangtze river,were the most prominent. Conclusion There were spatial clustering of human schistosomiasis epidemic at village level both in Gong'an County and Jiangling County, Hubei Province. Compared with the previous studies, there was a trend of shrink and decline of clustering areas. Therefore, the current situation of the epidemic has put forward higher requirements for the implementation of precise prevention and control in the progress of schistosomiasis elimination work in various epidemic areas.

Prevalence of soil - borne nematode infections among residents living in urban/town areas of China in 2015 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To understand the prevalence of soil-borne nematode infections among residents living in urban/town areas of China, so as to provide insights into the control and elimination of soil-borne nematodiasis. Methods A total of 5 epidemic areas were classified in China according to the prevalence of human Clonorchis sinensis infections captured from the 2014–2015 national survey on major human parasitic diseases in China, and the total sample size was estimated according to the binomial distribution and Poisson’s distribution. Then, the total sample size was allocated proportionally to each province (autonomous region, municipality) of China based on the percentage of residents living in urban and town areas, and the number of survey sites in each province (autonomous region, municipality) was proportionally assigned according to the percentages of residents living in urban and town areas. Then, stratified sampling was performed at county, township and community levels according to the number of sampling sites in each province (autonomous region, municipality), and the survey site (community) was defined as the smallest sampling unit. All permanent residents in the survey sites were selected as the study subjects, and their stool samples were collected for identification and counting of parasite egg using a Kato-Katz technique. The prevalence and intensity of each parasite species were calculated. Results From 2014 to 2015, among the 133 231 residents detected in 31 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) of China, the overall prevalence of soil-borne nematode infections was 1.23% (1 636/133 231), and the prevalence rates of hookworm, Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura infections were 0.77% (1 032/133 231), 0.32% (426/133 231) and 0.17% (224/133 231), respectively. The highest prevalence of soil-borne nematode infections was seen in Jiangxi (4.03%, 82/2 034) and Chongqing (4.03%, 524/13 012), followed by in Hainan (3.47%, 72/2 075). The prevalence of soilborne nematode infections was 1.07% (662/62 139) in men and 1.37% (974/71 092) in women, and the greatest prevalence was found in residents at ages of 65 to 70 years (2.56%, 219/8 569). With regard to occupations and education levels, herdsmen (2.47%, 2/81) and illiterate residents (3.33%, 226/6 795) were found to have the highest prevalence of soil-borne nematode infections, respectively. In addition, mild infections were predominantly identified in hookworm-, A. lumbricoides- and T. trichiura-infected individuals (all > 90%). Conclusions The overall prevalence of soil-borne nematodiasis remains low in urban and town areas of China; however, human infections are widespread. According to the epidemiological features, health education combined with deworming are recommended to reduce the prevalence of soil-borne nematode infections among residents living in urban and town areas of China.

Santa Casa de Misericórdia da vila da Cachoeira: a caridade e a filantropia no contexto da política assistencial do governo imperial / Santa Casa de Misericórdia of Cachoeira: charity and philanthropy in the context of the imperial government's welfare policy

Resumo O estudo examina o processo de constituição e operacionalização de uma confraria devocional na vila de Cachoeira, província da Bahia, ao longo do período imperial brasileiro. Merecerá destaque o decreto do imperador dom Pedro I que elevou o então centenário Hospital São João de Deus, equipamento do patrimônio régio administrado por dirigentes designados pela Câmara de Vereadores, à condição de Santa Casa de Misericórdia. Além disso, será analisada a política de concessão de privilégios e consignações orçamentárias do governo da província destinada às misericórdias baianas. Conclui-se que a política das finanças públicas do Estado brasileiro, na Bahia, representou um estímulo relevante para a fundação e para a sustentação econômico-financeira da irmandade cachoeirana.

Abstract The constitution and operationalization of a religious brotherhood in Cachoeira, Bahia province, during the Brazilian imperial period, is investigated. Deserving of particular attention is the decree issued by Emperor Pedro I, which raised the then centennial São João de Deus Hospital, a royal institution administered by officials designated by the city council, to the status of Santa Casa de Misericórdia. The policy regulating the granting of privileges and provincial monies to all the institutions of this designation in Bahia is also analyzed. The study concludes that the financial policy adopted by the Brazilian State in Bahia constituted a significant stimulus both for the founding and for the financial upkeep of the Cachoeira brotherhood.

Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Samples in Nasarawa Town, Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Multidrug resistant strain of S. aureusis the most common cause of life-threatening hospital-and community-acquired infections. Multidrug resistant S. aureusinfections contribute to patients’ prolonged stay in the hospital, increase in total healthcare costs, morbidity, and mortality.This work was aimed at determining the occurrence and antibiotic susceptibility profile of Staphylococcus aureusisolated fromsome clinical samples (blood and urine) in General Hospital, Nasarawa, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. All the 14 samples (7 each for blood and urine) collected in this study yielded positive for S. aureus,which were identified by cultural appearances and confirmed using conventional biochemical tests.The antibiotic susceptibility profile of the isolates indicated that, majority of them exhibited high susceptibility to gentamycin (85.7%), ciprofloxacin (78.6%), vancomycin (71.4%), chloramphenicol (64.3%), teicoplanin (50.0%), and erythromycin (42.9%). All the 14 (100%) isolates tested showed resistance to oxacillin, amoxicillin (85.7%), and cefoxitin (78.6%).

Understanding Spaces of City by Morphological Studies

City building is not a one-time effort it is rather a process using which the planners, designers create the habitat for humans. The habitatalong with its constituents parts namely buildings, streets, gardens, squares etc. constitute an urban form. Urban morphology is an importantfield of study along with urban typology. Urbanists, planners and geographers have been practicing them in Europe and America. Theseexplain the process of city building, help in preserving the historic urban form for change and continuity, and quantify the qualitative aspectsof urban form. There exist two widely accepted and discussed streams of city form analysis these are typology and morphology.Authors have during their research have identified three basic schools practicing different thoughts that give shape to city urban form fromdifferent perspectives. The German-British school pioneered by geographer and planner M R G Conzen is the oldest of all. Conzen migratedto England after the World War II. It is stated that study and analysis of urban landscape is the basis of study of city building processexplaining the historicity. The tradition is carried forward by the scholars like Whitehand, Larkham, and Slater under the flagship of UrbanMorphology research group, at University of Birmingham. The Italian school led by architect Muratori founded in early 50s. The Italianarchitects got associated with the thought of city form study on the basis of architectural design theory. This branch of city form study iscalled as typological study of city form. The works of Cannigia, Maffei, Maretto, etc. have established and carried forward the typologicalstudy of cities. The third school known as French school and was founded by architect Philippe Panerai, Jean Castex and sociologist CharlesDePaule in late 60s. The theory of design amalgamated with the social theory of human interaction with the built environment. This paperbrings out the in-depth method of understanding cities by use of three kinds of methods used in morphological studies. This will help us toknow about them in integrated manner and create better understating of city fabric.

Sick building syndrome and associated risk factors among the population of Gondar town, northwest Ethiopia

BACKGROUND@#Sick building syndrome (SBS) consists of a group of mucosal, skin, and general symptoms temporally related to residential and office buildings of unclear causes. These symptoms are common in the general population. However, SBS symptoms and their contributing factors are poorly understood, and the community associates it with bad sprits. This community-based cross-sectional study was, therefore, conducted to assess the prevalence and associated factors of SBS in Gondar town.@*METHODS@#A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April 2017. A total of 3405 study subjects were included using multistage and systematic random sampling techniques. A structured questionnaire and observational checklists were used to collect data. SBS was assessed by 24 building-related symptoms and confirmed by five SBS confirmation criteria. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with SBS on the basis of adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and p < 0.05. The Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness of fit test was used to check model fitness, and variance inflation factor (VIF) was also used to test interactions between variables.@*RESULTS@#The prevalence of SBS in Gondar town was 21.7% (95% CI = 20.3-23.0%). Of this, the mucosal symptoms account for 64%, the general symptoms account for 54%, and the skin symptoms account for 10%. From study participants who reported SBS symptoms, 44% had more than one symptom. Headache (15.7%), asthma (8.3%), rhinitis (8.0%), and dizziness (7.5%) were the commonest reported symptoms. SBS was significantly associated with fungal growth in the building [AOR = 1.25, 95% CI = (1.05, 1.49)], unclean building [AOR = 1.26, 95% CI = (1.03, 1.55)], houses with no functional windows [AOR = 1.35, 95% CI = (1.12, 1.63)], houses with no fan [AOR = 1.90, 95% CI = (1.22, 2.96)], utilization of charcoal as a cooking energy source [AOR = 1.40, 95% CI = (1.02, 1.91)], cooking inside the living quarters [AOR = 1.31, 95% CI = (1.09, 1.58)], and incensing and joss stick use [AOR = 1.48, 95% CI = (1.23, 1.77)].@*CONCLUSION@#The prevalence of SBS in Gondar town was high, and significant proportion of the population had more than one SBS symptom. Headache, asthma, rhinitis, and dizziness were the commonest reported SBS symptoms. Fungal growth, cleanliness of the building, availability of functional windows, availability of fan in the living quarters, using charcoal as a cooking energy source, cooking inside the quarters, and incensing habit or joss stick use were identified as factors associated with SBS. Improving the sanitation of the living environment and housekeeping practices of the occupants is useful to minimize the prevalence of SBS.

The Comparative Study of Subtle Deafness in Cosmopolitan, Town and Rural Population

Background: The presbycusis patients (usually beyond 50 years) come to us with much loss of hearing sensitivity. The deafness unperceived starts much earlier before their perception. Objectives: To identify the severity of the subtle deafness in the cosmopolitan, small town and rural areas. Materials and methods: We had selected the people with absolutely normal hearing (claimed by the subjects) between 21-50 years. They were confident of their hearing status, even on deep probing. We divided the people into three categories like cosmopolitan, small town and rural. We had selected the people of Mumbai under the cosmopolitan category. The audiological evaluation was carried out in sound treated room meeting the ANSI Standards of permissible ambient noise levels in sound treated room.Manual Pure Tone Audiometer in a two room set up that confirm to ANSI S-3.6-1996 standard was used. The instrument used for this study was calibrated ALPS AD 2100 audiometer with TDH 49 ear phones. Results: The cosmopolitan population were affected most. Later small town people and lastly rural area people were affected. In cosmopolitan population the 4 kHz was mostly affected, suggesting the significant impact of noise on their hearing. In town population also the 4 kHz is affected, but not to the extent of cosmopolitan people. The cosmopolitan people were affected worst among the three categories. And interestingly the small town population and rural population have almost the same hearing thresholds. Y. Kishore Kumar, Jaya Sahu, Ajay Basod, Nityam Sagar Patel. The Comparative Study of Subtle Deafness in Cosmopolitan, Town and Rural Population. IAIM, 2017; 4(1): 72-77. Page 73 Conclusion: The severity of subtle deafness is most in cosmopolitan, lesser in small town and least in rural population. The pure tone audiometry should be done in cosmopolitan people in early twenties, in small town people in early thirties and in rural population in early forties.

Construction methods of America,s health rankings and county health rankings: Implications for China / 中国卫生政策研究

This review summarised and compared the contents and methods of America,s Health Rankings (AHR)and the County Health Rankings(CHR)in the United States by using literature review.AHR and CHR are the currently widely used population health assessment index ranking systems in the United States,respectively,which provided an analysis of population health on a state-by-state basis and a county-by-county basis by evaluating a histori-cal and comprehensive set of health outcomes and health determinants data to determine the health benchmarks and state/county rankings.The selection criteria of each indicator take into account of reliability, availability, stability, and intervention.The determination of weights of each indicator took into considerations the literature review,a histori-cal perspective,weights used by other rankings,internal analyses of the variation in outcomes explained by each factor, and pragmatic issues involving communications and stakeholder engagement.By comparison, it was found that AHR and CHR have a higher level of accuracy in the classification as they are well -defined by population demographics and geography respectively.The evaluation of health cities and health villages and towns in China is more complicated. There are few studies on village and town health rankings systems.This article reviewed the evaluation methods of AHR and CHR with a view to providing a reference for research on the evaluation system of City Health Rankings and the Village and Town Health Rankings in China.

A Study on Anxiety Among B.Ed Teacher Trainees in Villupuram Town, India.

The study examined the level of anxiety among the B.Ed teacher trainees in Villupuram town . For this purpose 300 B.Ed teacher trainees from three colleges of Villupuram town was selected. Anxiety scale constructed by A.K.P.Sinha and L.N.K.Sinha was used. The result showed that there is no significant level of anxiety among most of the B.Ed teacher trainees of Villupuram town.. With respect to background variables, it is found that the student‟s locality, educational qualification, department and type of family doesn‟t affect their anxiety level. But age, gender and annual income of the student‟s family, affect their anxiety level.

Prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthic infections and associated risk factors among schoolchildren in Tilili town, northwest Ethiopia

OBJECTIVE@#To determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthes and associated risk factors among schoolchildren in Tilili town, northwest Ethiopia.@*METHODS@#A cross-sectional study involving 385 schoolchildren was conducted between November 2011 to February 2012. Each student was selected using systematic random sampling method. Questionnaire and observation were used to identify socio-demographic and associated risk factors. Fresh stool samples were observed using formal-ether concentration technique. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 statistical software.@*RESULTS@#Four species of intestinal helminthes were identified with an overall prevalence of 44.2% (170 of 385 schoolchildren). The predominant parasites were Ascaris lumbricoides (A. lumbricoides) 153 (39.7%) and Trichuris trichiura (T. trichiura) 30 (7.8%). One hundred thirty five (35.1%) had single infections and 35 (9.2%) were infected with more than one helminthic parasites in which 32 (8.4%) were double infections and 3 (0.8%) were triple infections. Significant associations were observed between intestinal helminth infection and those of age, grade level, and school variables. Prevalence of hookworm infection was significant in children who did not wear shoes regularly (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Intervention programs and education on personal and environmental hygiene should be implemented for the prevention and control of helminthic infections in the study area.

Determinantes sociales de la alimentación en familias de estratos 4, 5 y 6 de la localidad de Chapinero de Bogotá D.C. / Social determinants of food in families from strata 4, 5, and 6 of the town of Chapinero, Bogotá D.C., Colombia

RESUMEN OBJETIVOS: identificar cuáles son los determinantes sociales de la alimentación en las familias de estratos 4, 5 y 6 que viven en la localidad de Chapinero de Bogotá. METODOLOGIA: estudio observacional cualitativo descriptivo, de corte transversal. Con muestra de 150 familias, divididas proporcionalmente según estrato. El tipo de muestreo usado fue bola de nieve. RESULTADOS : reflejan como determinantes sociales de la alimentación en los estratos: el nivel educativo, los gustos, la cultura y la influencia del medio social. CONCLUSIONES el nivel socioeconómico que corresponde al estrato, influye en la disponibilidad y acceso a los alimentos; el nivel educativo condiciona el ingreso familiar; la cultura y el entorno social (familia y amigos); y la intervención de los medios masivos de comunicación para promocionar productos alimenticios afectan el consumo y reforman los hábitos alimentarios, preferencias y gustos de los miembros del hogar.

OBJECTIVE:: to identify the social determinants for the diet of the families from strata 4, 5, and 6 living in the town of Chapinero Bogotá. METHODOLOGY an observational, qualitative, descriptive, and cross sectional study conducted on a sample of 150 families proportionally divided depending on stratum. Sampling was carried out using the snowball technique. RESULTS : the social determinants for diet in the studied strata were: schooling level, tastes, culture, and the influence of the social environment. CONCLUSIONS : the socioeconomic level, which corresponds to the stratum, influences food access and availability; the education level determines the family income, culture and social environment (family and friends); finally, the involvement of the mass media in food promotion affects consumption and reshapes the eating habits, preferences, and tastes of the household members.

Construction and Application of Space Resource Course Based on Network Platform of World University Town: Case Study of Community Rehabilitation Course / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Educational informationization is the focus of education and teaching reform. World University Town provided a very good platform for information and network teaching. This paper, taking the community rehabilitation course as an example, introduced the function ofWorld University Town in course construction and described the concepts, ideas, procedures and application effect.

Effect of textile waste water on tomato plant, Lycopersicon esculentum.

In this study Sanganer town, Jaipur was selected as study area. The plants of Lycopersicon esculentum var. K 21(Tomato) treated with 20 and 30% textile wastewater were analyzed for metal accumulation, growth and biochemical parameters at per, peak and post flowering stages. Findings of the study revealed that chlorophyll content was most severely affected with the increase in metal concentration. Total chlorophyll content showed a reduction of 72.44% while carbohydrate, protein and nitrogen content showed a reduction of 46.83, 71.65 and 71.65% respectively. With the increase in waste water treatment the root and shoot length, root and shoot dry weight and total dry weight were reduced to 50.55, 52.06, 69.93, 72.42, 72.10% respectively. After crop harvesting, the fruit samples of the plants treated with highest concentration of textile waste water contained 2.570 mg g-1d.wt. of Zn, 0.800 mg g-1d.wt. Cu, 1.520 mg g-1d.wt. Cr and 2.010 mg g-1d.wt. Pb.

A Comparative Study to Analyze the Proportion of Highrisk Neonates from Mothers Residing in Metropolitan Cities and Small-to-Medium-Sized Cities in Korea

PURPOSE: Premature and low birth weighted (LBW) infants as well as small for gestational age (SGA) infants have a high death rate and increasing the prevalence rate. We compared the proportion of these high-risk neonates and the relevant factor between the four regional settings. METHODS: We reviewed the data from 2005 to 2010, from the Korea National Statistics Office and compared the proportions of premature infants, LBW infants and SGA babies and the relevant factors between Seoul, metropolitan cities and small-to-medium-sized ones. RESULTS: Premature birth rate is as follows in each area: 4.00% in Seoul, 4.21% in metropolitan areas, 4.11% in small and medium size cities, and 4.27% in small towns. SGA birth rate is slightly lower in the medium-sized cities and higher in small towns. The birth rate of low birth weight infants is higher only in small towns (3.58%). It appears that low maternal age and low maternal education levels increase these high-risk newborns. Once calibrated variables, the result showed that the risk of premature infants is higher in the metropolitan areas (OR, 1.05), and the risk of SGA (OR, 1.06) and low birth weight (1.03) is higher in a small town. CONCLUSIONS: There were significant differences in the premature infants, low birth weight infants and SGA babies between the four different regional settings. Following the adjustment of the relevant variables, the proportion premature infant was higher in metropolitan cities and SGA babies and LBW infants were higher in small ones.

Mediation effects of neuroticism between parental rearing patterns and interpersonal sensitivity / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the role of neurotic in parental rearing patterns and interpersonal sensitive.Methods Using stratified sampling method to test 702 middle school students,symptom checklist 90 (SCL90),Egma minnen av bardndosnaupp forstran(EMBU) and Eycenck Personality Questionnaire(EPQ) were used to investigate and take one and a half years of follow-up observation on the sample of 245 students from first grade of junior and senior middle school.Correlated variables were made the correlation analysis,regression analysis,constructing the structure equation model and using tracking data to confirm.Results (1) Neuroticism,father's affective warmth and understanding,father's excessive protection,mother's rejection and deny had a direct effect,and the variation of total symptoms could be explained 40.8％ ; father's affective warmth and understanding,father's excessive protection,mother's over-interference and over-protection,mother's rejection and deny had a indirect effect on interpersonal sensitive,and explained 24.0％.(2) Effect analysis showed father's affective warmth and understanding,father's excessive protection,mother's rejection and deny impact on interpersonal sensitive by neuroticism,and father's excessive protection was the largest which accounted for 48.0％ of the total effect.The second was father's affective warmth and understanding,accounting for 47.3 ％.The last was mother's rejection and deny accounted for 42.7％,and its indirect effect increased with the age(69.1％).All of mother's over-interference and overprotection through the neurotic influence interpersonal sensitive,and the direct effect was 50.3％ between neurotic and interpersonal sensitivity.Conclusion Indirect effect of neurotic existed in relationships of parents rearing patterns and interpersonal sensitivity.

Capital e interior: manifestações em prol da instrução pública em Ouro Preto e Uberabinha (MG) nos anos iniciais da República Brasileira / Capital and hinterland: manifestations in favor of the public education in Ouro Preto and Uberabinha (MG) in the starting years of the Brazilian Republic

Parte-se do princípio de que as cidades mineiras promoveram debates sobre a instrução popular, principalmente a partir de março de 1892, quando foram reabertas as Câmaras Municipais. As fontes utilizadas são Livros de Atas das Câmaras, livros de leis e documentação variada envolvendo os trabalhos dos vereadores. Em Uberabinha, onde havia carência gritante de escolas públicas, a edilidade assume essa preocupação como central, votando, ainda no ano de 1892, as leis de instrução pública, do regulamento escolar, das aulas noturnas e das circunscrições literárias, além de criar diversas escolas municipais. Em Ouro Preto, como a cidade era servida de escolas estaduais, as atenções da Câmara não se detêm firmemente na instrução elementar. Percebemos que a preocupação com a instrução pública estava difundida entre os municípios mineiros, embora não de forma homogênea.

It is taken for granted that the towns of Minas Gerais carried out debates about popular education, mainly starting from March, 1892, when the town-halls were reopen. The sources used were the town council protocol books, law books and varied documents of the works of the representatives. In Uberabinha, wherein there was a clear lack of public schools, the council of representatives considered this function a major duty, whereupon laws of public education, school regulations, evening classes and literary circumscriptions were voted in 1892, while schools in the town were founded. In Ouro Preto, where there already were public schools, the attention of the town council was not on primary education. It must be observed that public education as a main concern did not present a homogeneous form in every town of Minas Gerais.

A cidade dos outros / The city of the others

Os percursos costumeiros dentro da cidade em que vivemos desenham nosso "mapa da cidade". A tipologia deste mapa depende fundamentalmente de nosso nível social. Examinou-se, anteriormente, o mapa da cidade dos pacientes que saíram do hospital psiquiátrico, para avaliar os efeitos da desinstitucionalização. Hoje, examina-se como vive o clandestino dentro das cidades italianas. O mapa do clandestino se baseia na degradação; evidencia mecanismos de intolerância e de acolhida; permite entender como as pessoas se enrijecem em suas posições ou, ao contrário, como as identidades dos sujeitos interagem e favorecem mudanças e emancipação. A escolha se funda na disponibilidade dos sujeitos e é fortemente influenciada pelas políticas públicas de respeito dos direitos das pessoas.

In the city where we live each one of us usually goes to those places that have a special meaning. All these places describe one's map of the city. But the use of the city depends above of all on the social standing of a person.Before, it was considered the city map of patients discharged from psychiatric hospitals to understand the impact of deinstitutionalization . Today , it is necessary to consider the underground life of "illegal" immigrants in Italian cities. Their maps describe the social mechanism of refusal or acceptance. This helps us understand how people refuse to budge from their respective standpoints or on the contrary how the identities interact with each other and change. The choice results from the individual receptivity, but above all from human rights policies.

Loucura e cidade: cenas biopolíticas e incursões (des) institucionalizantes / Madness and city: bipolitics scenes and (dis) institutionalizing incursions

Neste artigo, partimos do pressuposto de que a relação loucura-cidade serve como analisador do processo de desinstitucionalização em saúde mental e procuramos indicar os eixos disciplinares e biopolíticos em operação nesse campo. Para tanto, analisamos algumas cenas urbanas e certos acontecimentos que acompanhamos numa pesquisa acerca das práticas de cuidado no âmbito de um Serviço Residencial Terapêutico (SRT). E, com base no reconhecimento dos modos de operação do biopoder na relação loucura-cidade, procuramos argumentar que as formas de resistência aos manicômios biopoliticamente configurados na contemporaneidade devem operar macro e micropoliticamente por meio de "lutas em rede".

On this article, we start from the assumption that the relation town-madness serves as an analyzer of the deinstitutionalization process in mental health and we seek to indicate the disciplinary and biopolitical borders in operation in this field. For such, we analyze some urban scenes and certain events which we follow in a research about the care practices within a Therapeutic Residential Services (TRS). And, based on the recognition of biopower operation modes in the relation town-madness, we are willing to argue that the resistance forms of biopolitically configured asylums in contemporary should operate macro and micro politically through "struggles in network".