ABSTRACT
Herbicides are substances used to control unwanted plants-weeds. They can be classified into several classes by mechanism of action. This review describes the members of aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides, their pharmacokinetic properties, metabolism and their mechanism of phytotoxicity in target weeds as well as in non-target organisms. Two major toxicity mechanisms are described. The first is by inhibition of lipid synthesis. This is achieved by inhibiting the rate limiting step of lipid biosynthesis catalyzed by acetyl CoA carboxylase. The second mechanism is by induction of oxidative stress. This is achieved by generation of reactive oxygen species which in excess can cause oxidative damage to macromolecules and cellular structures especially the membrane lipids. Loss of vital membrane lipids alters the fluidity of membrane, loss of cellular contents and eventually cell death and death of the entire plant
ABSTRACT
El consumo de cocaína continúa siendo un problema social importante por las consecuencias agudas y crónicas asociadas a su consumo. La cardiotoxicidad asociada al consumo de cocaína es una de las consecuencias más estudiadas; sin embargo, este alcaloide también se asocia con complicaciones neurológicas. En el presente reporte describimos el caso de una mujer de 32 años quien desarrolla una crisis convulsiva secundaria a la ingesta oral de cocaína. Se hace una revisión de los aspectos toxicocinéticos y toxicodinámicos de la cocaína, así como la fisiopatología de esta complicación.
Cocaine remains a major social problem for the consequences associated with its acute and chronic consumption. Cardiotoxical consequences associated with cocaine use is mostly studied, however, this alkaloid is also associated with neurological complications. In this report we describe the case of a 32 year old woman who developed a convulsive status secondary to cocaine ingestion. Also we review the toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic aspects of cocaine, as well as the pathophysiology of this complication.