ABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Avaliar o epitélio ciliar interno (ECI) do corpo ciliar após aplicação de mitomicina C (MMC) sob retalho escleral, em animais tratados com dois tipos de inibidores da produção do humor aquoso. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados ambos os olhos de 16 coelhos divididos em 4 grupos experimentais. Foi realizado retalho escleral em todos os olhos dos animais, mas apenas os olhos direitos (OD) receberam MMC. No grupo 1 (G1) não houve tratamento prévio. Nos grupos G2 e G4 foi administrada acetazolamida e nos grupos G3 e G4 maleato de timolol. O ECI foi examinado à microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET). Os olhos esquerdos formaram os grupos controle. RESULTADOS: Em todos os grupos exceto no G1 OE, foram observadas: retração das células e/ou alargamento entre invaginações, mitocôndrias com rarefação, vesículas claras e corpos densos. A membrana limitante interna estava espessada, descontínua ou descolada em todos grupos exceto G1 OE e G2 OE. Foi observada liberação de material citoplasmático apenas nos grupos tratados com inibidores da produção de humor aquoso. CONCLUSÕES: 1- MMC, acetazolamida e maleato de timolol causaram alterações morfológicas no epitélio ciliar mesmo usados isoladamente. 2- A associação MMC e acetazolamida causou mais alterações do que a acetazolamida isoladamente, mas não mais do que a MMC isoladamente. 3- Nas demais associações as alterações foram semelhantes.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of mitomycin C (MMC) on the internal ciliary epithelium (ICE) of the ciliary body of animals treated with two differents aqueous humor supressants. METHODS: The eyes of sixteen Norfolk albino rabbits divided into four experimental groups were studied. The right eyes (RE) of the four groups received 0.1 ml of MMC (0.5 mg/ml) under the scleral flap. The left eyes (LE) was the control group. Group 1 (G1) did not have any other treatment. To Group 2 (G2) and Group 4 (G4) acetazolamide was administered. To Group (G3) and Group 4 (G4) timolol maleate was administered. ICE was examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS: The following aspects were observed in all groups, except in G1 LE: cell shrinkage and/or enlargement of intercellular spaces, rarefied mitochondria, clear vesicular structures and electron-dense bodies. The internal limitant membrane showed to be thickened, discontinued and separeted in all groups, except in G1 LE and G2 LE. Discharge of cytoplasmatic material was observed only in the groups treated with aqueous humor supressants. CONCLUSIONS: 1) MMC, acetazolamide and timolol maleate caused morphological alterations in the ciliary epithelium even when used alone. 2) The combination of MMC and acetazolamide caused more alterations than did isolated acetazolamide, but not more than MMC alone. 3) For the other combinations the alterations were similar.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/toxicity , Aqueous Humor/drug effects , Ciliary Body , Mitomycin/toxicity , Sclera/surgery , Acetazolamide/adverse effects , Acetazolamide/therapeutic use , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/adverse effects , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/therapeutic use , Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors/adverse effects , Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Ciliary Body/drug effects , Ciliary Body/ultrastructure , Epithelium/drug effects , Epithelium/ultrastructure , Microscopy, Electron , Models, Animal , Mitomycin/administration & dosage , Random Allocation , Surgical Flaps , Timolol/adverse effects , Timolol/therapeutic useABSTRACT
OBJECTVE:To study antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect of Maqin zhike syrup. METHODS:In vitro antibacterial test, mice ear swelling test and mice abdominal capillary permeability test were adopted to observe the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effect of Maqin zhike syrup. RESULTS:Maqin zhike syrup could inhibit gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, mice ear swelling, and reduce abdominal capillary permeability. It also enhanced humoral and cellular immunity. CONCLUSION:Maqin zhike syrup has the effect on bacterials, inflammatory and immunity with high safety.
ABSTRACT
La caracterización de las actividades tóxicas de los venenos de serpientes es necesaria para el cabal entendimiento de los procesos fisiopatológicos que se producen ante su mordedura, como también para evaluar la potencia neutralizante de los antivenenos utilizados para tratar estos envenenamientos. A causa de los pocos datos disponibles sobre la toxicidad del veneno de serpientes con importancia sanitaria en México, estudiamos las actividades tóxicas de los venenos de Bothrops asper, Athropoides nummifer, Agkistrodon billineatus> Crotalus durissus durissus, Crotalus basiliscus, Crotalus scutulatus, Crotalus atrox y Micrurus nigrocinctus. A los venenos se les realizaron los siguientes estudios: SDS-PAUE, determinación de la potencia letal, y de las actividades hemorrágica, necrotizante, coagulante en plasma y fibrinógeno, fosfolipásica y fibrinogenolítica. Se estudió además la capacidad neutralizante de un antiveneno de uso corriente para la terapéutica de las mordeduras de serpientes venenosas en México, sobre varias de estas actividades. Los venenos de vipéridos mostraron actividades hemorrágicas, necrotizante, coagulante sobre plasma, protrombínica, fibrinogenolítica y fosfolipásica importantes. Los venenos de mayor potencia letal fueron los de Micrurus nigrocinctus y Crotalus scutulatus, sin embargo el veneno que presentó en general potencias tóxicas mayores fue el de Bothrops asper. Las diferentes potencias tóxicas halladas se encontraron dentro de los márgenes descritos para especies de vipéridos y elápidos de Sudamérica. La actividad sobre el plasma y el fibrinógeno fue muy diferente en los diferentes venenos viperinos, sin embargo todos mostraron ser capaces de afectar componentes del sistema de la coagulación. El antiveneno probado no sólo neutralizó la letalidad del veneno sino también sus actividades tóxicas.
The characterization of the toxic activities of snake venoms is necessary to understand the physiopathology of the envenomation and to test the potency of the antivenoms used to treat this pathology. Because of the lack of data on the toxic activities of venoms from Mexican snakes of medical importance, we studied the venoms from Bothrops asper, Athropoides nummifer, Agkistrodon billineatus, Crotalus durissus durissus, Crotalus basiliscus, Crotalus scutulatus, Crotalus atrox and Micrurus nigrocinctus. The studies performed were : SDS-PAOE, determination of lethal potency, hemorrhagic, necrotizing, coagulation on plasma and fibrinogen, phospholipasic and fibrinogenolytic activities. In addition we studied the neutralizing capacity of the toxic activities of an antivenom currently used for the treatment of snakebites in Mexico. The venom from viperids showed important hemorrhagic, necrotizing, coagulative on plasma, prothrombinic, fibrinogenolytic and phospholipase activities. The venoms with the highest lethal potency were those of Micrurus nigrocinctus and Crotalus scutulatus; however, the viperine venom that globally displayed the most potent toxic activities was from Bothrops asper. All the venoms showed toxic activities of similar range to those described for other American venomous snakes. The activity on plasma or fibrinogen varied widely among the different venoms but all displayed capacity to act on the coagulation system. The antivenom tested not only neutralized the lethalityB. asper venom but also its other toxic activities.