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1.
Chinese Journal of Experimental Ophthalmology ; (12): 548-551, 2017.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-641328

ABSTRACT

Background Trachoma is a serious blinding eye disease.At present,the incidence rate of trachoma in China has been greatly reduced with the unremitting efforts of World Health Orgnization (WHO) and Chinese government.However,in some economically underdeveloped areas,there is still active trachoma.Ohjective This study aimed to survey the prevalence of children's active trachoma in rural area of Naxi district and Jiangyang district of Luzhou city and assess the prevention and treatment outcome of trachoma during 10 years.Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in Naxi district and Jiangyang district of Luzhou city,the economic underdeveloping and water-starved regions in the year 2000.The active trachoma was screened in 214 school-age children with the male 113 and female 101 based on simplified trachoma grading system and trachoma rapid assessment survey standards and requirements of WHO.The symptoms of active trachoma were divided into trachomatous follicular (TF),trachomatous inflammation intense (TI),trachomatous scarring (TS),trachoma trichiasis (TT) and corneal opacities (CO).The epidemiological survey was re-assessed in 100 school-age children (with the male 58 and female 42) in these regions in the year 2013 to evaluate the prevalence change of children active trachoma during 10 years.Results In the year 2000,214 children were screened in 4 villages of Naxi district and Jiangyang district,and the prevalence rate of TF was 49.07% (105/214) in the year 2000.The prevalence rate of TF was 49.05% (52/106) in the Naxi district and 49.07% (53/108) in the Jiangyang district,showing no significant difference between them (x2 =0.01,P =0.99).In the 100 school-age children who received survey in Naxi district and Jiangyang district in the year 2013,no TF,TF,TI,TS,TT and CO was found,showing no active trachoma.Conclusions The active trachoma has been controlled in rural areas of Luzhou city following the prevention and treatment of trachoma and the improvement of economic status in past decade.

2.
Rev. bras. oftalmol ; 75(5): 360-364, sept.-out. 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-798069

ABSTRACT

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo do presente trabalho foi promover o ensino do tracoma, assim como atuar no combate esta desta importante causa de cegueira evitável. Métodos: Esta proposta foi aprovada pelo Ministério da Saúde (Programa PET - Saúde/Vigilância em Saúde), prevendo o treinamento em serviço de alunos de graduação em Medicina e Enfermagem e agentes de saúde, no município de Botucatu, São Paulo - Brasil, no ano de 2010. O treinamento abrangeu parte teórica e prática, a qual constou de estudo transversal, por amostragem aleatorizada, para estudo da prevalência do tracoma inflamatório em escolares de 1a a 4a séries do ensino público fundamental, seguindo os critérios da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) e com supervisão de dois oftalmologistas com certificação para o diagnóstico clínico. Os dados obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente. A equipe foi avaliada quanto ao aprendizado. Resultados: O trabalho de campo mostrou que a prevalência de tracoma em crianças do município de Botucatu no ano de 2010 foi de 3,42%. A notificação compulsória, a pesquisa dos comunicantes, aplicação do tratamento para os afetados e o seguimento conforme padronizado aconteceu com a participação ativa da equipe. Conclusão: A prevalência do tracoma inflamatório em Botucatu no ano de 2010 foi de 3,42%. As atividades desenvolvidas pelos participantes do Programa PET - Saúde/Vigilância em Saúde - Tracoma permitiu treinamento em serviço efetivo, resultando na formação de multiplicadores, uma força adicional na luta pela eliminação do tracoma como causa de cegueira.


ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study was to promote the teaching of trachoma and to act in the combat of this leading cause of preventable blindness. Methods: This proposal was approved by the Ministry of Health (PET Program - Health/Health Surveillance), predicting the service training of medicine and nursing graduate students and health workers, in Botucatu, Sao Paulo - Brazil, in 2010. The training covered theory and practice, which consisted of cross-sectional study, with a randomized sampling to study the prevalence of inflammatory trachoma in schoolchildren from first to 4th grades of public elementary schools, following the World Health Organization criteria (WHO) and the supervision of two certified ophthalmologists for clinical diagnosis.The data were statistically analyzed. The staff was evaluated for learning. Results: The fieldwork showed that the prevalence of trachoma in children of Botucatu in 2010 was 3.42%. Compulsory notification, the communicants search, the treatment application to the affected and the follow-up as standardized happened with the active participation of staff. Conclusion: The prevalence of inflammatory trachoma in Botucatu in 2010 was 3.42%.The activities developed by the participants of PET Program - Health/Health Surveillance - Trachoma allowed effective training in service, resulting in the formation of multipliers, an additional force in the fight for the elimination of trachoma as a blindness cause.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Trachoma/diagnosis , Trachoma/prevention & control , Trachoma/epidemiology , Neglected Diseases , Health Promotion , Ophthalmology/education , Trachoma/drug therapy , Health Education/methods , Prevalence , Azithromycin/therapeutic use
3.
Rev. saúde pública ; 47(3): 451-459, jun. 2013. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-690816

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência e descrever a distribuição do tracoma entre escolares em municípios brasileiros. MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal, usando amostragem por conglomerados, da população escolar dos municípios brasileiros com Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano-Municipal menor que a média nacional. O inquérito de prevalência de tracoma foi realizado pelo Ministério da Saúde entre 2002 e 2007. Foram selecionados 119.531 alunos de 2.270 escolas localizadas em 1.156 municípios. Os alunos foram submetidos ao exame ocular externo, com lupa (2,5X), para detecção de sinais clínicos de tracoma segundo critérios da OMS. Estimou-se a prevalência de tracoma segundo estado e em nível nacional, e seus respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança. Para a comparação de variáveis categóricas foram usados os testes do Qui-quadrado e do Qui-quadrado de tendência linear. RESULTADOS: Foram detectados 6.030 casos de tracoma, resultando em prevalência de 5,0% (IC95% 4,5;5,4). Não foi encontrada diferença significante entre os sexos. A prevalência de tracoma foi de 8,2% entre menores de cinco anos de idade, diminuindo nas faixas etárias mais altas (p < 0,01). Houve diferença significante entre as prevalências de tracoma na zona urbana e rural, 4,3% versus 6,2%, respectivamente (p < 0,01). Foram detectados casos em 901 municípios (77,7% da amostra), em todas as regiões do País. Em 36,8% dos municípios selecionados a prevalência foi superior a 5%. CONCLUSÕES: O estudo mostra que o tracoma é um importante problema de saúde pública no Brasil, contradizendo a crença de que a endemia estaria controlada no País. O inquérito realizado apresenta uma linha de base para avaliação das intervenções ...


OBJETIVO: Estimar la prevalencia y describir la distribución de tracoma entre escolares en municipios brasileños MÉTODOS: Estudio de corte transversal, usando muestreo por conglomerados, de la población escolar de los municipios brasileños con Índice de Desarrollo Humano-Municipal menor que el promedio nacional. La pesquisa de prevalencia de tracoma fue realizada por el Ministerio de la Salud entre 2002 y 2007. Se seleccionaron 119.531 alumnos de 2.270 escuelas localizadas en 1.156 municipios. Los alumnos fueron sometidos a examen ocular externo, con lupa (2,5X), para detección de señales clínicas de tracoma según criterios de la OMS. Se estimó la prevalencia de tracoma según estado y a nivel nacional, y sus respectivos intervalos de 95% de confianza. Para la comparación de variables categóricas se usaron las pruebas de Chi-cuadrado y de Chi-cuadrado de tendencia linear. RESULTADOS: Se detectaron 6.030 casos de tracoma, resultando en prevalencia de 5,0% (IC95% 4,5;5,4). No se encontró diferencia significativa entre los sexos. La prevalencia de tracoma fue de 8,2% entre menores de cinco años de edad, disminuyendo en los grupos etarios más altos (p0,01). Hubo diferencia significativa entre las prevalencias de tracoma en la zona urbana y rural, 4,3% vs. 6,2%, respectivamente (p0,01). Se detectaron casos en 901 municipios (77,7% de la muestra), en todas las regiones del País. En 36,8% de los municipios seleccionados la prevalencia fue superior a 5%. CONCLUSIONES: El estudio muestra que el tracoma es un importante problema de salud pública en Brasil, contradiciendo la creencia de que la endemia estaría controlada en el País. La pesquisa realizada presenta una línea de base para evaluación de las intervenciones planeadas con miras a alcanzar la meta mundial de certificación de eliminación del tracoma como ...


OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and describe the distribution of trachoma among schoolchildren in Brazilian municipalities. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, using cluster sampling, of the schoolchildren population of the Brazilian municipalities with Human Development Index - Municipal lower than the national average. This trachoma prevalence survey was conducted by the Ministry of Health, in the period 2002-2007. There were 119,531 schoolchildren selected from 2,270 schools located in 1,156 municipalities. The selected schoolchildren underwent an external ocular examination, with a magnifying glass (2.5X), to detect clinical signs of trachoma according to the WHO criteria. The prevalence of trachoma, by state and national level, and their respective 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Chi-square and Chi-square for trends tests were used to compare categorical variables. RESULTS: There were 6,030 cases of trachoma detected, resulting in a prevalence of 5.0% (95%CI 4.5;5.4). There was no significant difference between the sexes. The prevalence of trachoma was 8.2% among children under 5 years of age, decreasing among higher age groups (p < 0.01). There was a significant difference in prevalence between urban and rural areas, 4.3% versus 6.2% respectively (p < 0.01). Cases were detected in 901 municipalities (77.7% of the sample), in all regions of the country. In 36.8% of the selected municipalities, the prevalence was higher than 5%. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows that trachoma is a significant public health problem in Brazil, contradicting the belief that the disease had been controlled in the country. The survey provides a baseline for evaluating planned interventions aimed at achieving the goal of global certification of elimination of trachoma as a cause of blindness in Brazil by 2020. .


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Epidemiological Monitoring , Neglected Diseases/epidemiology , Trachoma/epidemiology , Age Distribution , Age Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Chi-Square Distribution , Cross-Sectional Studies , Mass Screening/statistics & numerical data , Prevalence , Public Sector/statistics & numerical data , Residence Characteristics , Rural Population/statistics & numerical data , Schools/statistics & numerical data , Sex Factors , Trachoma/complications , Trachoma/diagnosis , Urban Population/statistics & numerical data
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