A densidade como uma "não tão nova" métrica da quantificação de cargas no treinamento de força / Work to rest ratio as a "not so new"metric to quantify strength training loads

O objetivo dessa carta resposta foi tecer algumas considerações sobre o ponto de vista do manuscrito "A densidade como uma nova métrica da quantificação de cargas no treinamento de força", publicado nessa tradicional revista brasileira. Erroneamente, os autores apontaram que o termo work to rest ratio utilizado no estudo Blood Pressure Response During Resistance Training of Different Work-to-Rest Ratio e publicado no Journal of Strength Conditioning Research estaria equivocado. Os autores também sugerem que a densidade seja calculada apenas pela fórmula: total de peso levantado/total de pausa. Isso limitaria o cálculo da densidade em métodos isométricos de treinamento de força, que podem ter a densidade calculada pela fórmula: tempo de tensão muscular/total de pausa. Essa breve comunicação amplia o contexto conceitual e de aplicação prática dessa métrica que é pouco conhecida no treinamento de força. (AU)

The aim of this reply letter was to present some considerations about the point of view of the manuscript "Density as new metric to quantify strength training loads", published in this traditional Brazilian journal. The authors erroneously pointed out that term "work to rest ratio" used in the study "Blood Pressure Response During Resistance Training of Different Work-to-Rest Ratio" and published in Journal of Strength Conditioning Research, would be wrong. The authors also suggest that density must be calculated only by the formula: total weight lifted / total rest interval. This would limit density calculation in isometric strength training methods, which can have density calculated by the formula: muscle tension time / total rest interval. This brief communication broadens the conceptual context and practical application of this metric that is little known in strength training. (AU)

A densidade como uma nova métrica da quantificação de cargas no treinamento de força / Density as a new metric to quantify strength training loads

O objetivo do estudo foi realizar um breve comunicado sobre a adoção da densidade com uma nova métrica de quantificação de cargas no treinamento de força. Descrevemos como quantificá-la e destacamos as possíveis implicações da sua manipulação. Uma vez que considera o intervalo de recuperação entre as séries - onde podem ocorrer processos metabólicos importantes, como a ressíntese de fosfocreatina - a densidade pode ser um parâmetro representativo da magnitude do estresse metabólico induzido pelas sessões. Recomendamos que treinadores e pesquisadores da área de ciências do esporte passem a reportar quantificar e reportar a densidade dos treinos. Técnicas de treinamento que manipulam as pausas entre as séries, repetições e exercícios, como os treinos em circuito, o restpause, cluster training, intra-set rest e/ou inter-repetion rest, podem ter novas análises e, consequentemente, resultados interessantes a serem reportados.(AU)

The aim of the study was to provide a short communication about the adoption of density as a new metric to quantify strength training loads. We describe how quantify and highlighted the possible implications of density manipulation. Since considers the rest interval between sets - where important metabolic process such as phosphocreatine resynthesizes may occurs ­ density may represent the magnitude of metabolic stress induced by training session. In this sense, is recommended that sports sciences coach's and researchers report the training density. Training techniques that manipulate the rest intervals between sets, repetitions, and exercises, such as circuit tra ining, rest pause, cluster training, intra-set rest, and/or inter-repetition rest may have new analysis, and consequently interesting results to be reported.(AU)

Efectos de los Juegos en Espacio Reducido (JER) sobre VO2máx. en futbolistas aficionados / Small Sided Games effects on maximum oxygen uptake in amateur soccer players / Efeitos dos Jogos no Espaço Reduzido no consumo máximo de oxigênio em jogadores de futebol amador

Resumen: Objetivo: determinar el efecto de los juegos en espacio reducido (JER) sobre el consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2Máx.) en futbolistas aficionados. Método: se realizó un experimento controlado con asignación aleatoria, con grupo experimental y control. Se evaluó antes y después a 16 futbolistas de sexo masculino, edad 19,5±1,7, peso 73,6±8,5, talla 177,2±6,7 e IMC 23,2±1,6. El grupo experimental entrenó con JER, y el grupo control con método continuo variable tipo dos (MCV2). La intensidad se controló con monitores cardíacos. El VO2Máx. fue medido con el test de Léger. Se obtuvo aval del comité de ética de la Universidad de Antioquia. Los datos se evaluaron mediante análisis multivariado de la varianza (MANOVA) y estadística descriptiva. Se utilizó el paquete estadístico SAS UNIVERSITY. El nivel de significancia se estableció en (p<0,05). Resultados: no hubo diferencias significativas entre JER y MCV2 para la variable VO2Máx., ni mejoras significativas entre pretest-postest en los grupos. Conclusión: los programas de entrenamiento no mejoraron significativamente el VO2Máx.

Objective: To determine the effect of small sided games (SSGs) on maximum oxygen uptake (VO2Máx..) in amateur soccer players. Method: A controlled experiment, with random assignment in two groups (experimental and control), was conducted. Sixteen male soccer players, age: 19,5±1,7; weight: 73,6±8,5; height: 177,2±6,7; BMI: 23,2±1,6, were evaluated before and after. The experimental group trained with SSGs and the control group trained with the continuous variable method type two (CVM2). The intensity was controlled by heart rate monitors. The VO2Máx. was measured with the Leger test. Endorsement of the Ethics Committee of the Universidad de Antioquia was obtained. Data were evaluated by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and descriptive statistics. The statistical package SAS UNIVERSITY was used. The level of Statistical significance was established in (p<0.05). Results: There were not significant differences between SSGs and MCV2 for the variable VO2Máx., nor significant improvements between pretest-postest in any of the groups. Conclusion: Training programs did not significantly improve the VO2Máx.

Objetivo: determinar o efeito dos Jogos em Espaço Reduzido (JER) no consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2Máx.) em jogadores amadores de futebol. Método: Realizou-se um experimento bcontrolado com atribuição aleatória com dois grupos: um grupo experimental e um grupo de controle. Antes e depois, avaliaram-se 16 futebolistas de sexo masculino (idade: 19,5 ± 1,7, peso: 73,6 ± 8,5; uma altura média 177,2 ± 6,7, IMC: 23,2 ± 1,6). O grupo experimental treinou com JER e o grupo controle com o método contínuo variável tipo dois (MCV2). A intensidade foi controlada com monitores cardíacos. O Leger Test foi utilizado para medir o VO2Máx. A autorização foi obtido pelo Comitê de Ética da Universidade de Antioquia. Os dados foram avaliados por análise multivariada de variância (MANOVA) e estatística descritiva. O pacote estatístico SAS UNIVERSITY foi utilizado. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em (p <0,05). Resultados: Não houve diferenças significativas entre o JER e o MCV2 para a variável VO2Máx., nem houve melhorias significativas entre o pré-teste e o pós-teste nos grupos. Conclusão: os programas de treinamento não melhoraram significativamente o VO2Máx.

Association between various levels of training-related energy expenditure and dietary and nutrient intake in Japanese male collegiate rugby players / 体力科学

This study aimed to explore the association between various levels of training-energy expenditure (TrEE) and nutritional response during the phases of periodization among male collegiate rugby players. Seventeen Japanese male collegiate rugby players were enrolled in the study. Their TrEE and dietary intake were assessed each day during three separate microcycle training phases in the preparatory phase of periodization (P1 and P2: general training phase consisting of two sessions per day over the term during which the school held classes and during a summer vacation, respectively; and P3: intensive training phase consisting of four sessions per day during a summer vacation) using the factorial method and dietary records, respectively. The TrEE for P3 (1644±273 kcal) was significantly higher than that for P1 (891±230 kcal). However, the total energy intake (EI) for P3 (3274±889 kcal) was significantly lower than that for P1 (3978±938 kcal). The daytime (after waking in the morning and before the evening training session) EI (242±159 kcal) and protein intake (19±12 g) from the ‘high-protein foods group’ during P3 was significantly reduced compared with that during P1 (465±252 kcal, 37±15 g), whereas, EI and carbohydrate intake from the ‘supplements group’ of P3 was significantly increased compared with P1. The increased TrEE during P3 was not compensated by EI; instead, there was a decreased nutrient intake from the high-protein foods group and increased intake from the supplements group. The time of day of multiple or intensive training sessions, i.e. different TrEE, might affect the food choices made by male rugby players.

Effects of linear and undulating periodization of strength training in the acceleration of skater children

Aim: This study aimed to compare the effects of linear periodization (LP) and undulating periodization (UP) of strength training on acceleration in skater children. Methods: Twenty-nine girls (9.67±1.29 years-old, 34.47±8.06kg, 1.39±0.13m) were distributed into two groups: linear periodization group (LPG, n=14) and undulating periodization group (UPG, n=15). Six levels of progressive training were designed based on activities such as multi-jumps, plyometrics, sled towing, and facilitated exercises. The training lasted 16 weeks, with a 1-h session on three non-consecutive days per week. The acceleration was recorded by digital videography following the major trochanter of the femur, at four moments and under two conditions: static (SS) and dynamic start (DS) in a rectilinear path. Statistical significance was set at 5%. Results: ANOVA indicated group*moment interaction in SS and DS for velocity (F3,81=7.883; p<0.001; pη2=0.226; F3,81=2.36; p=0.078; pη2=0.08-trend, respectively) and acceleration (F3,81=3.96; p=0.011; pη2=0.128; F3,81=2.92; p=0.039; pη2=0.098, respectively). Both groups increased velocity in SS and DS (UPG/SS: 1st=4.07, 2nd=9.75, 3rd=8.91, 4th=9.25m/s; LPG/SS: 1st=4.27, 2nd=7.13, 3rd=7.61, 4th=7.99m/s; UPG/DS: 1st=8.30, 2nd=8.73, 3rd=8.12, 4th=9.27m/s; LPG/DS: 1st=8.20, 2nd=8.31, 3rd=7.90, 4th=8.96m/s) and acceleration (UPG/SS: 1st=2.00, 2nd=8.69, 3rd=4.71, 4th=5.02m/s2; LPG/SS: 1st=2.37, 2nd=3.39, 3rd=3.68, 4th=4.12m/s2; UPG/DS: 1st=1.78, 2nd=1.97, 3rd=1.65, 4th=2.46m/s2; LPG/DS: 1st=1.67, 2nd=1.70, 3rd=1.48, 4th=1.93m/s2). Conclusion: Both strength training periodization protocols were effective in developing acceleration and velocity in girl skaters over 16 weeks; however, UP was more efficient than LP for improving acceleration.(AU)