A retrospective review of trampoline-related injuries presenting to a paediatric emergency department in Singapore

INTRODUCTION@#Trampolining is a popular activity. However, to our knowledge, no studies on paediatric trampoline-related injuries (TRIs) have been conducted in Asia. We aimed to provide an Asian perspective on paediatric TRIs and evaluate current safety measures.@*METHODS@#Patients aged under 16 years who presented to the emergency department at KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, from March 2012 to June 2016 with a TRI were identified from the National Trauma Registry. Data was collated retrospectively focusing on age, location of the trampoline, mechanism and location of injury, treatment, disposition, and follow-up treatment.@*RESULTS@#137 children were seen for a TRI during this period. There was even representation across age groups (< 6 years, 6-11 years and 11-16 years). 60.6% of these injuries occurred in a public trampoline park, and a smaller proportion involved home and school trampolines. 61.3% of injuries occurred on the trampoline and 25.5% involved a fall off it, while the remaining were incurred by hitting the trampoline frame. The most common injury was soft tissue injury, followed by fractures and dislocations, of which 16.7% required surgical intervention. Most patients were discharged to an outpatient clinic. 14.6% of all patients required admission and 9.5% eventually required surgical intervention. There were three stable head injuries and no cervical spine injuries or deaths.@*CONCLUSION@#The existence of trampoline parks has contributed to a rise in TRIs. We recommend measures such as general education, changes in the setup around the trampoline, increasing the age limit for trampolining, adult supervision and discouraging double bouncing.

El efecto agudo del entrenamiento en trampolín sobre la estabilidad, la altura de salto y la velocidad de carrera en 20 metros de porristas / Acute effect of trampoline training on stability, jump height, and speed in 20-meter sprints in cheerleaders

Resumen El efecto agudo del entrenamiento en trampolín sobre la estabilidad, la altura de salto y la velocidad de carrera en 20 metros de porristas. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 18(1), 1-18. El principal objetivo del estudio es analizar el efecto agudo del entrenamiento en trampolín (ET) sobre la estabilidad, altura de salto y velocidad de carrera en 20 m de porristas. Se reclutaron 53 sujetos (18 hombres y 35 mujeres), que pertenecen al programa de porrismo Pura Vida Athletics (Tibás, Costa Rica). Se conformaron aleatoriamente tres grupos: grupo trampolín (GT), grupo control (GC) y grupo entrenamiento normal (GEN). El GT realizó un entrenamiento de trampolín (ET) tradicional (duración aproximada de 45 min; intensidad de 75-85% de la frecuencia cardiaca máxima). Se realizaron mediciones pre test y post test de la estabilidad (centro de presión), velocidad en 20 m y altura de salto (CMJ). Respecto a la estabilidad, en bipedestación el GT empeoró significativamente (p0.05) y el GEN (p>0.05) no tuvieron un cambio significativo. Como conclusiones, se evidenció una disminución significativa de la estabilidad del GT en bipedestación y, en los elementos de stunt liberty, awesome y arebesque. La altura del CMJ del GT tuvo una disminución no significativa. La velocidad en 20 m del GT fue significativamente menor después del ET.

Abstract Acute effect of trampoline training on stability, jump height, and speed in 20-meter sprints in cheerleaders. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 18(1), 1-18. A total of 53 subjects were recruited (18 men and 35 women) belonging to the Pura Vida Athletics Cheerleading program (Tibás, Costa Rica). Three groups were randomly formed: Trampoline Group (GT), Control Group (GC), and Normal Training Group (GEN). GT followed a traditional ET treatment (approximate duration 45 min; intensity 75-85% of maximum heart rate). Pre-test and post-test measurements of stability (pressure center), speed in 20-m sprints, and jump height (CMJ) were conducted. Regarding stability, GT significantly worsened (p0.05) and GEN (p>0.05) did not have a significant change. In conclusion, there was a significant decrease in stability of GT in a bipedal stance and in Liberty, Awesome and Arabesque stunts. Height of CMJ of GT had a non-significant decrease, while speed in 20-m sprints of GT was significantly lower after ET.

Resumo O efeito agudo do treinamento em trampolim sobre estabilidade, altura de salto e velocidade em corrida de 20 metros de líderes de torcida. PENSAR EN MOVIMIENTO: Revista de Ciencias del Ejercicio y la Salud, 18(1), 1-18. O principal objetivo do estudo é analisar o efeito agudo do treinamento em trampolim (ET) sobre estabilidade, altura de salto e velocidade em corrida de 20 m de líderes de torcida. Foram recrutados 53 sujeitos (18 homens e 35 mulheres), pertencentes ao programa Pura Vida Athletics (Tibás, Costa Rica). Três grupos foram formados aleatoriamente: Grupo Trampolim (GT), Grupo Controle (GC) e Grupo de Treinamento Normal (GEN). O GT realizou um treinamento de trampolim (ET) tradicional (com uma duração aproximada de 45 min e intensidade de 75-85% da frequência cardíaca máxima). Foram realizadas medições pré-teste e pós-teste de estabilidade (centro de pressão), velocidade de 20 metros e altura de salto (CMJ). Com relação à estabilidade, em bipedestação, o GT piorou significativamente (p 0,05) e o GEN (p> 0,05) não apresentaram uma alteração significativa. Como conclusão, ficou evidente uma diminuição significativa na estabilidade do GT em bipedestação e nos elementos de stunt liberty, awesome e arebesque. A altura do CMJ do GT teve uma diminuição não significativa. A velocidade de 20 m do GT foi significativamente menor após o ET.

Rapidly growing pediatric trampoline-related injuries in Korea: a 10-year single center retrospective study / 소아과

PURPOSE: Several published policy statements have warned against the risks associated with trampoline use and recommended safety guidelines. However, few studies have focused on trampoline-related injuries in Korea. This study aimed to assess the incidence and characteristics of pediatric trampoline-related injuries presented to Ulsan University Hospital. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children aged <16 years with trampoline-related injuries who visited our Emergency Department between 2008 and 2017. RESULTS: Over the 10-year period, 178 trampoline-related injuries were reported, which represented a significant increase (P=0.016). Most (87.6%) of the injuries occurred during the last 5 study years, and a rapid increase in injuries was observed in children aged <6 years. Lower extremity injuries (62.4%) were the most common, followed by injuries of the upper extremities, head and face, and trunk, including injuries to the neck and spine. Sixty-seven children (37.6%) had fractures, and proximal tibia fractures were the most common. Fractures were significantly more common in younger children (<6 years old) than in older children (P=0.026). CONCLUSION: In Korea, the mechanism of trampoline injury is similar to that of injuries incurred in indoor trampoline parks but is characterized by smaller spaces and multiple users. Trampoline use and the incidence of trampoline-related injuries in children aged <6 years are increasing rapidly. Prohibiting the use of trampolines for children aged <6 years, restricting simultaneous use by multiple children, and ensuring adult supervision should be strictly emphasized. Public awareness and policy guidelines are needed to reduce the incidence of trampoline-related injuries.

Pediatric Trampoline-Related Injuries in a Nationwide Registry in South Korea, 2011 to 2016

PURPOSE: Trampoline-related injuries are steadily increasing. To our knowledge, there have been very few studies on trampoline injuries in Asia. The purpose of this study is to report the characteristics of pediatric trampoline injuries in Korea. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study. Data were collected from prospective nationwide databases (Emergency Department-based Injury In-depth Surveillance databases of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) for patients who visited emergency departments (EDs) after injuries during 2011–2016. RESULTS: Of 263712 patients between 0 and 17 years of age, 2799 patients with trampoline injuries visited EDs. The median age of the patients was 5 years (interquartile range, 3–8 years), and 63% of the patients were under 6 years old. Of the patients, 1526 (54.2%) were male. Seventy-six percent of injuries occurred at trampoline parks. Trampoline injuries and trampoline park injuries have increased steadily, while ages at injury have gradually decreased year by year (p < 0.001). Injury locations included the lower extremity (47%), head and face (24%), and upper extremity (24%). A fracture was sustained by 886 (31.7%) patients. The distal humerus and proximal tibia were the most common fracture sites (34% and 23%, respectively). Fractures occurred more commonly in trampoline parks than in homes (33.7% vs. 21.1%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In Korea, pediatric trampoline injuries and trampoline park injuries have tended to increase, while ages at injury have tended to decrease. Policies to prevent trampoline injuries are needed.

Trampoline-related injuries in Korea

The growing popularity of trampolines in Korea has resulted in a significant increase in the number of injuries associated with their use. However, little research has been conducted into trampoline-related injuries in Asian countries, including Korea and the incidence and characteristics of trampoline-related injuries have rarely been reported. In a review of the very few studies on these injuries in Korea, the mean age at injury was younger than has been reported in previous studies from other countries, and 46% of patients experienced fracture. Most injuries (82%) occurred in commercial facilities. In Korea, the safety management of trampolines is insufficient. Hence, safety guidelines for the use of trampolines should be recommended by relevant medical professionals.

The Incidence of Pediatric Trampoline Injury: Statistics from a Single Institution / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: Recently, there has been increasing number of trampoline injuries at our pediatric orthopedic clinic and emergency room. Therefore, this study is to analyze the prevalence of the trampoline injuries with emergency room surveillance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between September 2015 and February 2017, all patients under the age of 15 years, who visited emergency room of a teaching hospital with trauma and referred to the department of orthopedic surgery, was included; the cause of trauma was analyzed. The severity of injury was also evaluated and compared according to the cause of injury. RESULTS: There were a total of 1,807 patients under the age of 15 years who visited our emergency room during the study period. There were a total of 71 trampoline injuries (3.9%). There were 28 patients below the age of 5 years, and among them, 14 minor injury were recorded; 43 patients were over the age of 5 years and with 4 minor, 20 moderate, and 19 severe injuries. In the age between 5 and 15 years, the prevalence of mild injury was lower in trampoline injury compared with those of other sports injuries (9.3% vs. 34.0%) and the prevalence of severe injury was higher in trampoline injury (44.2% vs. 26.3%) (p=0.002). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that the incidence of trampoline injury was lower than other country, but it was more severe than injuries from other sports. With increasing incidence of trampoline injuries, parents should be more mindful that trampolines are not safe and stricter supervision may be necessary.

Proprioceptive exercise with bosu maximizes electromyographic activity of the ankle muscles / Exercício proprioceptivo com bosu maximiza atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos do tornozelo

Ankle sprains are commonly related to sporty activities and often associated with decreases in sensorimotor control, including proprioception, muscle strength and balance. The use of unstable surfaces in the fields of rehabilitation and general fitness has been shown to be effective in increasing the sensory efficiency of soft tissues that stabilize the knee and ankle as well as improving the agonist-antagonist co-contraction. The aim of this study was to analyze the EMG activity of the ankle muscles ­ the tibialis anterior (TA), peroneus longus (PL) and medial head of the gastrocnemius (GM) during proprioceptive exercises using the BOSU compared to other devices traditionally used (balance platform, trampoline and proprioceptive disk). Eleven male volunteers were recruited and data collection was performed using single differential surface electrodes. The EMG signal was recorded and expressed as root mean square, which was normalized by the maximum voluntary isometric contraction. The data were subjected to parametric statistical analysis, using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures. The results showed that the BOSU provided greater activity in the ankle muscles than the most proprioceptive devices, accordingly, the BOSU is a device that should be employed to diversify programs of prevention/rehabilitation for lower limb injuries, preferentially in advanced stages of these approaches.

As entorses de tornozelo são comumente relacionadas com atividades desportivas e muitas vezes estão associados com diminuição no controle sensório-motor, incluindo a propriocepção, força muscular e equilíbrio. A utilização de superfícies instáveis nas áreas de reabilitação e condicionamento físico geral têm sido eficaz no aumento da eficiência sensorial dos tecidos moles que estabilizam o joelho e tornozelo e na melhora da cocontração agonistaantagonista. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a atividade eletromiográfica dos músculos tibial anterior (TA), fibular longo (FL) e cabeça medial do gastrocnêmio (GM) durante o exercício proprioceptivo com bosu e comparar com diferentes aparelhos tradicionalmente utilizados (balancinho, cama elástica e disco proprioceptivo). Onze voluntários do gênero masculino foram recrutados e a coleta de dados foi realizada utilizando-se eletrodos de superfície diferencial simples. O sinal eletromiográfico foi quantificado pela Raiz Quadrada da Média (root mean square -RMS) e normalizado pela Contração Isométrica Voluntária Máxima. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística paramétrica, empregando-se teste de análise de variância de medidas repetidas (ANOVA). Os resultados demonstraram que o bosu proporcionou maior atividade nos músculos do tornozelo em relação a maioria dos aparelhos proprioceptivos , desta forma, o bosu é um dispositivo que deve ser utilizado para diversificar um programa de prevenção ou reabilitação de lesões de membro inferior, preferencialmente em estágios avançados destes programas.

Satisfação com o emprego em call centers: novas evidências sobre o emprego trampolim / Satisfaction about job in call centers: new evidences about the trampoline job

Este estudo busca revelar novos elementos que comprovem a tese do emprego-trampolim, com base na satisfação com o emprego em call centers. Para a pesquisa que deu origem ao estudo, foram selecionadas três empresas de call center situadas na região metropolitana de Porto Alegre (RS). A pesquisa se apoiou em procedimentos metodológicos quantitativos, tendo sido aplicados 212 questionários entre os trabalhadores das referidas empresas. Os call centers são organizações empresariais de prestação de serviços de telemarketing. Seus operadores são trabalhadores com escolarização elevada frente aos níveis do mercado de trabalho brasileiro, o que apontaria para uma profissionalização da atividade. Paradoxalmente, as condições de trabalho, caracterizadas pela intensificação e baixa remuneração, mas com exigência de qualificação média, influenciam as estratégias e os sentidos desse emprego para jovens trabalhadores, acabando por defini-lo como "emprego-trampolim", que responde apenas a uma superação transitória da condição material e simbólica, e não a busca de profissionalização e estabilidade, mesmo com as exigências de conhecimentos técnicos especializados e reciclagem constante.

The present study aims to reveal new elements to prove the "trampoline job" thesis based on the satisfaction about job in call centers. Three call center companies placed in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre/RS have been selected for the research that originated the study. The research is based on methodological and quantitative procedures with the application of 212 questionnaires among workers in the referred companies. Call centers are enterprising organizations in telemarketing service render. Its workers usually have a higher scholarization level compared to the Brazilian job market, what indicates the professionalization in such activity. Paradoxically, working conditions - characterized by enhancing work and low salaries, but with average qualification demands - have influence on strategy and directions about such job for young workers, by finally defining it as a "trampoline job", which only answers to a transitory overcome of the material and symbolic condition but not to the quest for professionalization and stability, even with technical and specialized knowledge demands, as well as continuous recycling.