Políticas de transferencias monetarias condicionadas: caso Argentina y Colombia

Este trabajo presenta el estudio de dos casos de transferencias condicionadas contra las trampas de pobreza en América Latina, diferenciados por el criterio de asignación. Así el programa argentino de Asignación Universal por Hijo es un ejemplo de transferencias condicionadas universales*, mientras el programa colombiano Más Familias en Acción ilustra las transferencias condicionadas selectivas. Para este fin se va entender pobreza como un estado de carencia de recursos (Arriagada, 2005), cuya predisposición puede ser transmitida de una generación a otra por medio de las condiciones de capital humano (Ceroni, 2001). En este trabajo se propone una clasificación de los programas contra la pobreza, sobre los criterios de asignación y condicionalidad, aplicando el método comparativo de análisis. Así, este artículo pretende aportar al debate de diseño de políticas adecuadas en la región y al conocimiento de la realidad de estos dos casos.

This paper presents the study of two cases of conditional transfer against poverty traps in Latin America, differentiated by the allocation criteria. As the Argentine program Asignación Universal por Hijos is an example of universal conditional transfers, the Colombian program Más Familias en Acción illustrates the selective conditional transfers. For this purpose, it is defined poverty as a state of lack of resources whose predisposition can be transmitted from one generation to another through education and health conditions. In this paper it is proposed a classification of programs against poverty, on the criteria of the allocation and conditionality applying a comparative analysis method. So this paper aims to contribute new perspectives to the debate for appropriate policies in the region and give enlightenment to these two cases.

Pregnancy Safety of Selective 5-Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor for Depression in Women Underwent in vitro Fertilization Combined with Embryo Transfer:A Systematic Evaluation / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the pregnancy safety of selective 5-serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) for depression in women underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF) combined with embryo transfer,and to provide evidence-based refer-ence. METHODS:Retrieved from PubMed,EMBase,Cochrane Library,Medline,CBM,CJFD,VIP and Wanfang database,tri-als about SSRI (trial group) vs. no medicine or placebo alone (control group) for depression in women underwent IVF combined embryo transfer were collected. Meta-analysis was performed by using Rev Man 5.3 statistical software after data extraction and quality evaluation. RESULTS:A total of 4 studies were included,involving 2122 patients. Results of Meta-analysis showed there was no statistical significance in miscarriage rate [RR=0.90,95%CI(0.61,1.35),P=0.62],pregnancy rate [RR=1.03,95%CI (0.73,1.45),P=0.87] or live birth rate [RR=1.03,95%CI(0.65,1.63),P=0.91] between 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS:For depres-sion in women underwent IVF combined with embryo transfer,SSRI do not increase miscarriage rate,decrease pregnancy rate and live birth rate and have no significant effect on the results of IVF combined with embryo transfer.

Pedicled iliac periosteal flap graft to treat old femoral neck fracture in adolescents / 中华显微外科杂志

Objective To assess the effectiveness of pedicled iliac periosteal flap graft for treatment of old femoral neck fracture in adolescents.Methods Between June,2005 and December,2013,15 patients (15 hips) of old femoral neck fracture in adolescents treated with vascular pedicled iliac periosteal.There were 11 males and 4 females with an average age of 15.8(range 12 to 18) years.Based on the location of fracture,there was 5 cases of subcapital,8 cases of transcervical and 2 cases of basal.6 cases were treated with lower limb traction,3 cases with internal fixation and 6 just without any treatment.The average duration from injury to the second operation was 4.8 (range 1 to 19) months.There were 2 cases of femoral head necrosis after femoral neck fracture.Open reduction,pedicled iliac periosteal flap grafting and cannulate screw fixation were performed.Results All incisions healed by first intention.All patients were followed up 12 to 90 months (mean,46 months).The HHS was increased from (48.7 ± 8.3) pre-operation to (91.3 ± 6.1) at last followed-up,indicating a significant difference between before and after operation (P ＜ 0.01).One patient underwent total hip arthroplasty at 10 months after operation because of fracture nonunion and femoral head necrosis.Fracture healed successfully in 14 cases and the average time of fracture healing was 4 (range 3 to 6) months.Certain extent of remodelling and bulge of the head were observed in 2 cases of collapsed heads.Conclusion Pedicled iliac periosteal flap graft can provide good osteogenesis and vascular reconstruction for femoral head and promote fracture healing in treatment for old femoral neck fracture in adolescents.

A vivência da tarefa motora em ambiente virtual e real: estudo da devolução do saque do tênis de mesa / The experience of the motor task in a virtual environment and real: study of the return of serve tennis table / La experiencia de la tarefa motora en un estorno virtual y real: estudio de la devolución del saque no tenis de mesa

A utilização de realidade virtual está cada vez mais presente nas tarefas cotidianas.O objetivo deste estudo consistiu em analisar a vivência da tarefa motora em ambiente virtual e real envolvendo a devolução do saque do tênis de mesa. Participaram do estudo 24 crianças que foram aleatoriamente divididas em Grupo Virtual (GV) e Grupo Real (GR). No GV os sujeitos praticaram a tarefa virtual e depois real, no GR os sujeitos praticaram somente a tarefa real. Os resultados indicaram que houve uma superioridade no desempenho daquelas que executaram em um ambiente virtual(p<0,004). Conclui-se que ocorreu a transferência de aprendizagem do ambiente virtual para o real no GV.

The use of virtual reality is increasingly present in everyday tasks. The objective of this study is to analyze the experience of the motor task in a virtual and real environment involving the return of serve tennis table. The study included 24 children who were randomly divided into Virtual Group (VG) and Real Group (RG). In the VG the participants performed the virtual task first and then the real task. In the RG the participants performedonly the real task. The results indicated that the performance of the participants performing in a virtual environment was superior than the other group (p<0,004). We conclude that the transfer of learning from the virtual environment to the real occurred inthe VG.

El uso de la realidad virtual está cada vez más presente en las tareas cotidianas. El objetivode este estudio es analizar la experiencia de una tarea motora en un entorno virtual yreal la utilizando la devolución del saque do tenis de mesa. El estudio incluyó 24 niños que fueron divididos aleatoriamente en Grupo Virtual (GV) y Grupo Real (GR). Los sujetos GV practicaron la tarea virtual y luego la real. Los sujetos GR practicaron sólo la tareareal. Los resultados indicaron que había un rendimiento mayor en los niños que habíanrealizado la tarea en un entorno virtual (p<0,004). Por lo tanto concluimos que se produjola transferencia de aprendizaje do entorno virtual para el real ocurrido no GV.

Desenvolvimento regional e políticas sociais: um estudo do noroeste do Rio Grande do Sul na primeira década do século XXI / Regional development and social policies: a study of the northwest of Rio Grande do Sul at the first XXI century’s decade

O artigo analisa os investimentos em políticas sociais realizados pelos municípios-polo da região noroeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul e sua possível repercussão nos indicadores de desenvolvimento. Realiza-se mapeamento do cenário de estudos a respeito do desenvolvimento regional, enfocando em como as diferentes abordagens entendem o papel representado pelas políticas sociais na dinâmica de desenvolvimento das sociedades. Demonstra-se e comparam-se os investimentos em políticas sociais em dois momentos específicos: a década de 1990 e os primeiros oito anos da década de 2000. Utilizam-se como fonte de referência os relatórios de gestão e os dados constantes na prestação de contas dos municípios junto ao Tribunal de Contas do Estado do RS. A análise da realidade das políticas sociais nesses municípios, ao longo de quase duas décadas (1991 a 2008), evidenciou transformações significativas que repercutem diretamente nos indicadores de desenvolvimento, especialmente as ligadas à área da educação e da saúde.

This article analyzes investments in social policies carried out by poles municipalities from the northwest region of Rio Grande do Sul and its possible repercussion on development indicators. It’s held a mapping of the studies scenario about the regional development, focusing on how different approaches understand the role represented by social policies in a dynamic development of societies. It demonstrates and compares the investment in social policies at two specific moments: the 90’s and the first eight years of the 2000’s. Management reports and data contained in the municipalities’ accountability provided by Tribunal de Contas do Estado do RS are used as the reference source. The analysis of the reality of social policies in these cities, over almost two decades (1991-2008), revealed significant changes that directly affect the development indicators, especially those related to education and health.

Genetic Manipulation on Biosynthesis of Terpenoids / 中国生物工程杂志

Terpenoids constitute a chemically diverse family of naturally occuring compounds with pharmaceutical significance, such as artemisinin and taxin. They are synthesized in many kinds of microorganisms and plants with very low yield. Metabolic engineering, modifying metabolic pathways of terpenoids-synthesized cells by recombinant DNA techniques, has been developed and applied to improve the production of terpenoids, as well as create a novel biosynthesis pathway of terpenoids in terpenoid-free organisms. The biosynthetic pathway of terpenoids was sumed up, and recent progress of metabolic engineering aiming at raising content of terpenoids in microorganisms and plants was described.

Complication of Temporalis Muscle Transfer in Lagophthalmos and Ectropion of Korean Leprosy Patients / 나학회지

Recently, there has been a strong decrease in the number of temporalis muscle transfer(TMT) operations in cases of lagophthalmos. The primary cause of this decline is patient dissatisfaction with drawbacks of eye clinching in concert with mouth closure, ectropion and ptosis. This is mostly true of patients who are now more commonly exposed to urban social environments. In 1997, I discontinued the use of TMT as part of my combination treatment method reported in this journal. Since 1998, I have removed the fascia in 20 TMT cases due to complications in the upper and lower eyelid areas. I then corrected these complications using my combination method. I still use TMT in cases of lower lip drooping. Lagophthalmos patients are treated using my combination method of gold lid loading in the upper eyelid and Alloderm insertion in the lower eyelid through fixation of both ends to the medial and lateral canthal ligaments respectively. Previously, I recommended the use of conchal cartilage but noted the complication of cartilage warping which caused creating new partial ectropion several months later. Alloderm has shown no complications and the results of its use remain most satisfactory.