Awareness and sources of the digital transactions schemes: a cross sectional study in a rural block of Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India

Background: India is a developing country and is on the road of rapid progress, in every aspect. So, to further boost the development process, India joined many other developing countries and showed an intent to promote a cashless economy. However, this penetration is not much in the rural areas which constitute the building blocks of the country. Awareness regarding digital transaction schemes of government of India is imperative to success of such schemes. Hence, the current study for assessing the awareness of the digital transaction schemes and finding out the sources in their implementation will help cater these issues.Methods: A  descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among 60 respondents belonging to different age groups, socio economic strata and with different education status, to explore the awareness and acceptance percentage of respondents in rural block Paragraph  in relation to digital transaction schemes and methods and the their sources of information. Study was done in three-month duration from1st July 2018 to 30th September 2018.Results: It was found that the awareness for mobile banking among all the age groups was  a massive 93.36% while that of the Digital Dakiya scheme is a meagre 8.30%.It was inferred from the study that social interaction  was the major information source (51%) and there was a significant association between the use of mobile banking and younger age of the individual.Conclusions: Awareness among the older population and rural females is lesser as compared to counterparts and was massive for mobile banking. Disparity about awareness the of schemes points that overall usage needs to be promoted.

Sexualidad, migraciones y fronteras en contextos de integración sur-sur / Sexualidade, migrações e fronteiras em contextos de integração sul-sul / Sexuality, migrations and borders in contexts of a south-south integration

Resumen Este artículo se pregunta sobre los procesos de diferenciación, jerarquización e inclusión/exclusión de poblaciones migrantes en contextos migratorios sur-sur, y sobre el rol que juega la sexualidad en estos procesos. Partiendo de un estudio etnográfico sobre las migrantes peruanas y colombianas en el sector del comercio sexual de Ecuador, se analiza la manera en que la sexualidad se convierte en un sitio privilegiado para re-imaginar las diferencias y jerarquías nacionales en un mundo globalizado e integrado regionalmente, y se explica cómo los regímenes de control sobre las migraciones y la sexualidad femenina se articulan entre sí para restablecer el orden idealizado de la nación.

Resumo Este artigo interroga os processos de diferenciação, hierarquização e inclusão/exclusão de populações migrantes em contextos migratórios sul-sul, e sobre o papel da sexualidade nestes processos. A partir de um estudo etnográfico sobre migrantes peruanas e colombianas no setor do comercio sexual do Equador, analisa a maneira como a sexualidade se converte em um espaço privilegiado para re-imaginar as diferenças e hierarquias nacionais em um mundo globalizado e integrado regionalmente, e explica como os regimes de controle sobre as migrações e a sexualidade feminina se articulam para reestabelecer a ordem idealizada da nação.

Abstract This article inquires on the processes of differentiation, hierarchization and inclusion/exclusion of migrant populations in South-South migration contexts, and the role sexuality plays in these processes. Based on an ethnographic study about Peruvian and Colombian migrant women in the Ecuadorian sex sector, it analyzes the ways in which sexuality becomes a privileged site to re-imagine national differences and hierarchies in a globalized and regionally integrated world, and it explains how control regimes on migration and female sexuality come together to restore the idealized order of the nation.

Estrutura circular do checklist de relações interpessoais-II: considerações a partir dos dados de um processo seletivo / Considerations about checklist of interpersonal transactions structure: a selective process data

As representações circulares podem ser classificadas como quasi-circumplexas, quando apresentam características de bidimensionalidade, ou seja, as variáveis se reduzem a duas dimensões, e de raio constante. Nessa perspectiva, o presente estudo objetivou investigar o ajuste dos dados coletados por meio do Checklist de Relações Interpessoais-II (CLOIT-II) ao modelo quasi-circumplexo a partir de uma análise confirmatória em uma amostra de candidatos a vagas de emprego. Para realizar o teste da estrutura foi feito o escalonamento multidimensional confirmatório. Usando pares de coordenadas de cada segmento do círculo, as escalas tiveram seus lugares estabelecidos no espaço euclidiano. Com vistas a investigar o ajuste ao critério de raio constante foi aplicado o teste de Fisher. Os resultados apontaram ajuste ao modelo quasi-circumplexo. Com isto, concluiu-se que o CLOIT-II é uma ferramenta com características positivas para o uso no âmbito da seleção de pessoal

The circular representations can be labeled quasi-circumplex when they show to dimensional characteristics, that is, the variables are reduced to two dimensions and a constant radius. From this perspective, the present study aimed to investigate the suitability of data collected through the Checklist of Interpersonal Transactions-II (CLOIT-II) to quasi-circumplex model through a confirmatory analysis of a sample of candidates to jobs. To perform the test of the structure it was carried out a confirmatory multidimensional scaling. Using pairs of coordinates of each circle segment, the scales had their places set into the euclidean space. The Fisher test was applied in order to investigate the adjustment to constant radius criterion. The results showed adjustment to quasi-circumplex model. Thus, it was concluded that the CLOIT-II is a tool with positive characteristics for use in the context of personal selection

Movimentação financeira: a base de uma contribuição para o INSS em substituição à folha de pagamentos / Financial transaction: the basis for a contribution to the INSS, replacing the payroll

Em média, os salários no Brasil são onerados em 42,5 por cento do seu valor bruto, somando-se a parte que é descontada do salário do trabalhador com a que incide sobre a folha de pagamentos das empresas. Isso torna o país uma das economias que mais tributam rendimentos do trabalho assalariado no mundo. O maior ônus sobre os salários recai sobre as empresas, estimulando práticas como a contratação de empregados sem carteira de trabalho assinada e a terceirização, fazendo da informalidade um dos elementos determinantes dos crescentes déficits do INSS. A folha de pagamentos é tributada em média em 35 por cento, sendo a contribuição previdenciária o tributo de maior peso. Após diagnosticar o problema, este texto discute aspectos relacionados aos regimes previdenciários e as bases de incidência adequadas a cada um deles. Mostra ainda que o regime geral da previdência no Brasil assumiu conotação de política pública de renda complementar. Nesse sentido, propõe-se a substituição do INSS patronal, uma base restrita, por uma contribuição de 0,61 por cento sobre as movimentações nas contas-correntes bancárias, uma base universal, e compara os efeitos sobre a economia de um tributo cumulativo com os produzidos por um imposto sobre o valor agregado. Utilizando o modelo de input-output de Leontief como mecanismo de análise, o trabalho revela que uma contribuição sobre as transações bancárias implica menor carga tributária sobre os preços setoriais e menor distorção alocativa que os 20 por cento cobrados sobre a folha de salários das empresas para o INSS. Por fim, o texto procura desmistificar a crítica envolvendo a cumulatividade tributária.

Wages and labor income are taxed in Brazil at the rate of 42.5% on the average, considering payments of both employers and employees. This makes it one of highest taxed labor markets in the world. The tax burden falls mostly on firms. Thus fact stimulates labor informality and outsourcing. This is one of the main reasons for the growing social security deficits. Payrolls are taxed in Brazil at the rate of approximately 35%, and social security contributions account for most of burden. After diagnosing the problem, this essay discusses issues related to the social security regimes used in Brazil, and the various forms of financing most adequate to each of them. It is shown that the basic social security regime, called general social security regime, became a program quite similar to a public system of complementary income. As such, this paper proposes replacing the social security contributions made by firms, which have a restricted pattern of incidence, by a general contribution based of bank transactions with a rate of 0,61%, which shows a universal pattern of incidence. It then compares the economic implications of such cumulative taxation with a conventional value added social security contribution. The analytical model is based on Leontief´s input-output framework, and it shows that a contribution levied on bank transactions implies a lighter sectoral tax load on consumer prices, and less distortionary effects on alocation of resources, than the revenue equivalent contribution of 20% on payrolls presently in use. This paper attempts to show tax pyramiding may not have such harmful economic effects as usually assumed by critics of cumulative taxation.

Multilevel Secure Recovery Management of Medical Databases in Hospital Information System / 대한의료정보학회지

In medical database systems of security environments, multiple versions are used so as to prevent covert channel between transactions with different security level. Like the existing database systems, multilevel secure medical database systems can also occur various failures. Although the system was fault, the consistency and security for medical information must be guaranteed to establish reliable system from failures. It is difficult issues to prevent covert channel and maintain the serializability of transactions from various failures. This paper proposes multilevel secure recovery algorithms to solve failures from dynamic multiversion control and proves the correctness as to them. The proposed algorithms are very good for the multilevel secure reliability of long read-only transactions.

Transaction Serializability with Security in Heterogeneous Medical Database Systems / 대한의료정보학회지

The integrated management of medical data raised the efficiency of them and improved doctor' s diagnostic ability by processing correct data. Various medical information processing led out the development of new medical technology and is incurring huge changes for the medical examination and diagnosis. In medical database security, both serializability and security must be considered to maintain data consistency and prevent covert channel. In the security environments of heterogeneous medical database systems, the existing local autonomy and the security autonomy as a new constraint are required. This paper defines multilevel secure one-copy quasi-serializability (MLS/1QSR) necessary for concurrency control in heterogeneous medical database systems with replicated data to solve security problem among many objects of medical database systems. The proposed MLS/1QSR neither violates security autonomy nor establishes covert channel for transactions in heterogeneous medical database systems.