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Objective To analyze the relevant factors of early warning in emergency patients with high risk of acute sores, explore the application value of transcutaneous oxygen pressure(TcPO2) and transcutaneous carbon dioxide pressure(TcPCO2)monitoring in the early warning of emergency patients with pressure ulcers. Methods This was a study of 186 consecutive emergency patients who were under care in the emergency department. The transcutaneous oxygen/carbon dioxide pressure monitor was used in monitoring the oxygen saturation of the skin of sacrococcygeal region and the chest. Meanwhile,the Braden scale was used in assessing risk factors for pressure ulcers and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) was applied to evaluate the early prediction of pressure sore with TcPO 2/TcPCO2 monitor. Results Implementing the logistic regression model with six indicators, this research concluded that TcPO2 CV and PO2 were independent risk factors for the development of Braden scale in patients with high risk. The area under the ROC curve showed that TcPO2 CV had a excellent predictive value for the high-risk group and determined its cut-off value to be 20％. Which means patient with both a value of TcPO2CV over 20％ and a high risk of Braden scale had a larger possibility of pressure ulcers. Conclusions TcPO2 CV was an independent risk factor for patients under emergency care to develop pressure ulcers. A value of TcPO2CV over 20％indicated a high risk of pressure ulcers.
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Objective To evaluate microcirculatory changes after bundle therapy and prognostic values of the ratio of transcutaneous oxygen pressure and transcutaneous carbon dioxide pressure (PtcO2/PtcCO2) in the treatment of septic shock. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted. Patients with septic shock admitted to department of intensive care unit (ICU) of Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital from July 2017 to February 2019 were enrolled. The gender, age, infection site, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ (APACHEⅡ), the length of ICU stay and 28-day prognosis were collected; PtcCO2, PtcO2, PtcO2/PtcCO2 ratio, arterial lactate (Lac), central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2), mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured before treatment (at admission) and 6 hours after bundle treatment. According to the 28-day prognosis, the patients were divided into survival group and death group, and the differences of each index between the two groups were compared. The risk factors of prognosis were analyzed by binaryLogistic regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate the predictive value of the related indicators for the 28-day mortality of septic shock patients. Results A total of 78 patients with septic shock were enrolled, with 47 cases in survival group and 31 cases in death group. Compared with survival group, APACHEⅡ score and PtcCO2 were higher and PtcO2/PtcCO2 ratio was lower in death group [APACHEⅡ:28.33±6.35 vs. 21.61±6.64, PtcCO2 (mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 51.80±19.05 vs. 38.17±6.79, PtcO2/PtcCO2 ratio: 1.20±0.72 vs. 1.80±0.81, all P < 0.05]. Compared with before treatment, the PtcO2/PtcCO2 ratio, Lac, MAP were substantially improved at 6 hours of bundle therapy [PtcO2/PtcCO2 ratio: 1.76±0.81 vs. 1.56±0.82, Lac (mmol/L):3.74±2.40 vs. 4.42±2.60, MAP (mmHg): 83.34±7.58 vs. 71.00±5.36, all P < 0.05], and there was no changes in PtcCO2 and ScvO2. The PtcO2/PtcCO2 ratio at 6 hours of bundle therapy in the survival group was significantly higher than before treatment and was higher than that in death group (2.13±0.75 vs. 1.80±0.81, 1.19±0.53, both P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in PtcO2/PtcCO2 ratio of death group before and after treatment (1.19±0.53 vs. 1.20±0.72, P > 0.05). The binary Logistic regression showed that PtcO2/PtcCO2 ratio at 6 hours of bundle therapy and APACHEⅡ score were risk factors of prognosis [PtcO2/PtcCO2 ratio: odds ratio (OR) = 7.876, P = 0.026; APACHEⅡscore: OR = 0.846, P = 0.035]. ROC curve analysis showed that 6-hour of PtcO2/PtcCO2 ratio, APACHEⅡscore and 6-hour Lac level could predict 28-day mortality in septic shock patients, and the area under curve (AUC) was 0.864, 0.784, and 0.752 respectively. The cut-off value of 6-hour PtcO2/PtcCO2 ratio for predicting mortality in septic shock patients was 1.42, the sensitivity was 87.0％, and the specificity was 73.3％. In addition, the patients were divided into two groups according to whether the 6-hour PtcO2/PtcCO2 ratio was greater than 1.42. The results showed that: compared with the PtcO2/PtcCO2 < 1.42 group, the APACHEⅡ score in PtcO2/PtcCO2 ≥ 1.42 group was lower, the 6-hour Lac level was lower, 24-hour Lac reaching standard rate was higher and the 28-day mortality was lower. Conclusions Compared with the traditional metabolic parameters, the improvement of early microcirculatory perfusion in patients with septic shock can reflect the effect of bundle therapy. The PtcO2/PtcCO2 ratio at 6 hours of bundle therapy can be used as a new index to predict the prognosis of patients with septic shock which supports the monitoring and evaluation of microcirculation in the early stage of treatment in septic shock.
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Objective To analysis the transcutaneous carbon dioxide pressure(TcpCO2 )in very low birth weight infant (VLBW) and extremely low birth weight infant (ELBW) after the time of tube drawing, and further guidance the management of premature ventilator breathing. Methods Premature infants with gestational age less than 32 weeks, birth weight below 1 500 g, hospitalized from March 2016 to December 2018 in our hospital,who needed early mechanical ventilation due to respiratory distress within 24 hours after birth and intended to be withdrawn were enrolled. Fifty-five infants in the observation group were monitored by TcpCO2 and blood gas was collected at 1 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after weaning;55 infants in the control group were collected arterial blood gas only. When TcpCO2 monitoring and PaCO2 indicated hy-percapnia, clinical intervention was actively given. The value of blood gas PaCO2 in the two groups and the TcpCO2 value of the observation group were recorded at different time points (1 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h) after weaning,and the failure of weaning was recorded in both group. Results There was no significant difference in the general information ( gender, gestational age, birth weight, and whether prenatal maternal glucocorticoids) between the two groups ( P>0. 05). There were no significant differences in mechanical ventilation time, noninvasive ventilation mode and time between the two groups(P>0. 05). The failure rate of withdrawal within 24 h and 72 h was lower in the observation group than the control group[3. 6% (2/55) vs. 14. 0% (8/55), 7. 3% (4/55) vs. 21. 0% (12/55)], the difference was statistically significant ( P< 0. 05). There was a significant difference in blood gas PaCO2 between the two groups at 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h after weaning (P<0. 05), but had no significant difference between the two groups at 1 h, 48 h, and 72 h (P>0. 05). The values of TcpCO2 and PaCO2 had no significant difference in the observation group at the same time point (P>0. 05),and there was a correlation between them(r＝0. 761, P<0. 05). Conclusion VLBW and ELBW undergoing mechanical ventilation are given continuous TcpCO2 monitorings after wea-ning, which not only has the characteristics of continuous and non-invasive monitoring, but also help to iden-tify hypercapnia early and give symptomatic treatment,and reduce the incidence of weaning failure. And it proves a good correlation between TcpCO2 and PaCO2 .
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Objective@#To analysis the transcutaneous carbon dioxide pressure(TcpCO2)in very low birth weight infant (VLBW) and extremely low birth weight infant (ELBW) after the time of tube drawing, and further guidance the management of premature ventilator breathing.@*Methods@#Premature infants with gestational age less than 32 weeks, birth weight below 1 500 g, hospitalized from March 2016 to December 2018 in our hospital, who needed early mechanical ventilation due to respiratory distress within 24 hours after birth and intended to be withdrawn were enrolled.Fifty-five infants in the observation group were monitored by TcpCO2 and blood gas was collected at 1 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h after weaning; 55 infants in the control group were collected arterial blood gas only.When TcpCO2 monitoring and PaCO2 indicated hypercapnia, clinical intervention was actively given.The value of blood gas PaCO2 in the two groups and the TcpCO2 value of the observation group were recorded at different time points (1 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h) after weaning, and the failure of weaning was recorded in both group.@*Results@#There was no significant difference in the general information (gender, gestational age, birth weight, and whether prenatal maternal glucocorticoids) between the two groups (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in mechanical ventilation time, noninvasive ventilation mode and time between the two groups(P>0.05). The failure rate of withdrawal within 24 h and 72 h was lower in the observation group than the control group[3.6% (2/55) vs.14.0% (8/55), 7.3% (4/55) vs. 21.0% (12/55)], the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in blood gas PaCO2 between the two groups at 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h after weaning (P<0.05), but had no significant difference between the two groups at 1 h, 48 h, and 72 h (P>0.05). The values of TcpCO2 and PaCO2 had no significant difference in the observation group at the same time point (P>0.05), and there was a correlation between them(r=0.761, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#VLBW and ELBW undergoing mechanical ventilation are given continuous TcpCO2 monitorings after weaning, which not only has the characteristics of continuous and non-invasive monitoring, but also help to identify hypercapnia early and give symptomatic treatment, and reduce the incidence of weaning failure.And it proves a good correlation between TcpCO2 and PaCO2.
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Objective@#To evaluate microcirculatory changes after bundle therapy and prognostic values of the ratio of transcutaneous oxygen pressure and transcutaneous carbon dioxide pressure (PtcO2/PtcCO2) in the treatment of septic shock.@*Methods@#A retrospective analysis was conducted. Patients with septic shock admitted to department of intensive care unit (ICU) of Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital from July 2017 to February 2019 were enrolled. The gender, age, infection site, acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ (APACHEⅡ), the length of ICU stay and 28-day prognosis were collected; PtcCO2, PtcO2, PtcO2/PtcCO2 ratio, arterial lactate (Lac), central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2), mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured before treatment (at admission) and 6 hours after bundle treatment. According to the 28-day prognosis, the patients were divided into survival group and death group, and the differences of each index between the two groups were compared. The risk factors of prognosis were analyzed by binary Logistic regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was drawn to evaluate the predictive value of the related indicators for the 28-day mortality of septic shock patients.@*Results@#A total of 78 patients with septic shock were enrolled, with 47 cases in survival group and 31 cases in death group. Compared with survival group, APACHEⅡ score and PtcCO2 were higher and PtcO2/PtcCO2 ratio was lower in death group [APACHEⅡ: 28.33±6.35 vs. 21.61±6.64, PtcCO2 (mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 51.80±19.05 vs. 38.17±6.79, PtcO2/PtcCO2 ratio: 1.20±0.72 vs. 1.80±0.81, all P < 0.05]. Compared with before treatment, the PtcO2/PtcCO2 ratio, Lac, MAP were substantially improved at 6 hours of bundle therapy [PtcO2/PtcCO2 ratio: 1.76±0.81 vs. 1.56±0.82, Lac (mmol/L): 3.74±2.40 vs. 4.42±2.60, MAP (mmHg): 83.34±7.58 vs. 71.00±5.36, all P < 0.05], and there was no changes in PtcCO2 and ScvO2. The PtcO2/PtcCO2 ratio at 6 hours of bundle therapy in the survival group was significantly higher than before treatment and was higher than that in death group (2.13±0.75 vs. 1.80±0.81, 1.19±0.53, both P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in PtcO2/PtcCO2 ratio of death group before and after treatment (1.19±0.53 vs. 1.20±0.72, P > 0.05). The binary Logistic regression showed that PtcO2/PtcCO2 ratio at 6 hours of bundle therapy and APACHEⅡ score were risk factors of prognosis [PtcO2/PtcCO2 ratio: odds ratio (OR) = 7.876, P = 0.026; APACHEⅡ score: OR = 0.846, P = 0.035]. ROC curve analysis showed that 6-hour of PtcO2/PtcCO2 ratio, APACHEⅡscore and 6-hour Lac level could predict 28-day mortality in septic shock patients, and the area under curve (AUC) was 0.864, 0.784, and 0.752 respectively. The cut-off value of 6-hour PtcO2/PtcCO2 ratio for predicting mortality in septic shock patients was 1.42, the sensitivity was 87.0%, and the specificity was 73.3%. In addition, the patients were divided into two groups according to whether the 6-hour PtcO2/PtcCO2 ratio was greater than 1.42. The results showed that: compared with the PtcO2/PtcCO2 < 1.42 group, the APACHEⅡ score in PtcO2/PtcCO2 ≥ 1.42 group was lower, the 6-hour Lac level was lower, 24-hour Lac reaching standard rate was higher and the 28-day mortality was lower.@*Conclusions@#Compared with the traditional metabolic parameters, the improvement of early microcirculatory perfusion in patients with septic shock can reflect the effect of bundle therapy. The PtcO2/PtcCO2 ratio at 6 hours of bundle therapy can be used as a new index to predict the prognosis of patients with septic shock which supports the monitoring and evaluation of microcirculation in the early stage of treatment in septic shock.
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Objective To evaluate the relevance of PET CO 2 ,TcPCO 2 and PaCO 2 in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease.Methods Eighty pediatric patients with congenital heart disease were scheduled for elective cardiac operation with cardiopulmonary bypass,aged 1 month to 5 years, 42 male and 38 female,were divided into 4 groups:group N1,cyanotic type congenital heart disease with severe pulmonary hypertension;group N2,cyanotic type congenital heart disease without pul-monary hypertension;group N3,non-cyanotic congenital heart disease with severe pulmonary hyper-tension;group N4,non-cyanotic congenital heart disease with mild pulmonary hypertension or normal of pulmonary artery pressure,20 cases in each group.The same anesthesia methods were selected in each group.PET CO 2 ,TcPCO 2 and PaCO 2 before operation were recorded,and the relevance among them was analyzed.Results In groups N1,N2 and N3,the differences of PET CO 2 and PaCO 2 were significant,,while the difference was relatively small in group N4;the difference of TcPCO 2 and PaCO 2 were relatively small between the four groups.In Groups N1,N2 and N3,the values of TcP-CO 2-PaCO 2 value were significantly less than that of PET CO 2-PaCO 2 ;in group N4,TcPCO 2-PaCO 2 value was obviously higher than that of PET CO 2-PaCO 2 values (P 0.05,0.02