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RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar a eficácia dos exercícios perineais, da eletroestimulação transcutânea do nervo tibial posterior (ETNTP) e da oxibutinina em mulheres com síndrome da bexiga hiperativa, que é a segunda causa mais comum de incontinência urinária, com sintomas urinários extremamente incômodos que prejudicam a qualidade de vida. Foram randomizadas 65 mulheres, das quais 57 completaram o tratamento. Formaram-se três grupos: o de exercícios perineais, ETNTP e o grupo controle, que utilizou oxibutinina. Os exercícios foram realizados em grupo, nas posições em pé, supino e sentado, duas vezes por semana, com duração de 30 minutos cada sessão, totalizando 12 sessões. Na ETNTP utilizou-se eletrodo transcutâneo posicionado em maléolo medial e outro 10cm acima, com frequência de 10Hz e largura de pulso de 200 microssegundos, por 30 minutos, duas vezes por semana, totalizando 12 sessões. Na medicação as pacientes receberam oxibutinina de 10mg/dia de liberação imediata divididos e duas doses de 5mg/dia, durante 12 semanas consecutivas. Antes e depois dos tratamentos, as pacientes passaram por uma avaliação composta pela análise do diário miccional, avaliação funcional do assoalho pélvico e aplicação de questionário de qualidade de vida OAB-V8. Houve redução da incontinência de urgência em 50%, 70,5% e 41% nos grupos de exercício, ETNTP e oxibutinina, respectivamente, com significância estatística somente da eletroestimulação. As três modalidades de tratamento foram eficazes na melhora da qualidade de vida para a terapêutica em curto prazo, estatisticamente semelhantes entre si.
RESUMEN Se evaluó la eficacia de los ejercicios perineales, de la electroestimulación transcutánea del nervio tibial posterior (ETNTP) y de la oxibutinina en mujeres con síndrome de la vejiga hiperactiva, la segunda causa más común de incontinencia urinaria, con síntomas muy incómodos, que perjudican la calidad de vida. Sesenta y cinco mujeres, de las cuales 57 completaron el tratamiento, formaron tres grupos: el de ejercicios perineales, ETNTP y el grupo de control, que utilizó oxibutinina. Los ejercicios se realizaron en grupo, en las posiciones en pie, supino y sentado, dos veces por semana, con duración de 30 minutos cada sesión, totalizando 12 sesiones. En la ETNTP se utilizó electrodo transcutáneo posicionado en el maléolo medial y otro 10 cm arriba, con frecuencia de 10Hz y ancho de pulso de 200 microsegundos, por 30 minutos, dos veces por semana, totalizando 12 sesiones. En la medicación las pacientes recibieron oxibutinina de 10 mg/día de liberación inmediata, divididos en dos dosis de 5mg/día, durante 12 semanas consecutivas. Antes y después de los tratamientos, las pacientes pasaron por una evaluación compuesta por el análisis del diario miccional, la evaluación funcional del piso pélvico y la aplicación del cuestionario de calidad de vida OAB-V8. Se observó una reducción de la incontinencia de urgencia en un 50%, 70,5% y 41% en los grupos de ejercicio, ETNTP y oxibutinina, respectivamente, con significancia estadística solamente de la electroestimulación. Las tres modalidades de tratamiento fueron eficaces en la mejora de la calidad de vida para la terapéutica a corto plazo y estadísticamente similares.
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of perineal exercises, transcutaneous electrostimulation of the posterior tibial nerve (TPTNS) and oxybutynin in women with overactive bladder syndrome, which is the second most common cause of urinary incontinence, with extremely uncomfortable urinary symptoms which impair their quality of life. A total of 65 women were randomized, of whom 57 completed treatment. Three groups were formed: the perineal exercises group, the TPTNS group and the control group, which used oxybutynin. The exercises were performed in groups, in the standing, supine and sitting positions, twice a week in 30-minute sessions, totaling 12 sessions. In the TPTNS group, carried out with 10Hz frequency and 200 microsecond pulse width, a transcutaneous electrode was positioned on the patients' medial malleolus, and another was positioned 10cm above it. The patients of the control group received 10 mg/day doses of immediate release oxybutynin, divided into two 5mg/day doses for 12 consecutive weeks. Before and after the treatments, the patients' voiding diary was analyzed, their pelvic floor was functionally evaluated and they were asked to fill in an OAB-V8 quality of life questionnaire. Urge incontinence was reduced by 50%, 70.5% and 41% in the exercises, TPTNS and oxybutynin groups, respectively, and statistical significance was detected for stimulation only. The three treatment modalities were effective for improving quality of life in the short-term therapy, and were statistically similar to each other.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation , Physical Therapy Modalities , Cholinergic Antagonists/therapeutic use , Urinary Bladder, Overactive/drug therapy , Urinary Bladder, Overactive/rehabilitation , Perineum , Tibial Nerve , Urinary Incontinence/therapy , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
In the present paper, we introduce a newly modified device named "transcutaneous electrical auricular concha stimulator (TEACS)" for rats. It concludes a main unit (power and control buttons) with newly designed specific output electrodes. Each of the output electrode is made up of two pieces of iron sheet containing magnet and can be firmly attached to the auricular concha and the corresponding site of dorsal auricle, respectively. The two iron sheets are separately connected to each of the output terminal of the main unit via two pieces of wire. This newly modified output electrode replaces the original wire clip, and solves the problems of easy loosening and easy injury of the original spring clip due to repeated usage, being simple, flexible and convenient in application.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea (TENS) e a corrente de alta voltagem (AV) em indivíduos saudáveis. Para concretizar tal análise, 20 voluntários realizaram as duas modalidades de eletroestimulação de forma cruzada. A nocicepção foi avaliada por meio de estímulos pressóricos e térmicos no membro superior esquerdo, foi aplicada aeletroanalgesia por 20 minutos, sobre a articulação do cotovelo. Os parâmetros da TENS foram: duração de fase de 200 µs e frequência de 100 Hz. Para AV: 50 µse 100 Hz, polo positivo sobre a região do nervo mediano e negativo sobre o ulnar. Os resultados do estudo não mostraram diferenças significativas para limiar de dor e intensidade da dor ao frio. A AV apresentou-se mais agradável e com maior número de acomodações. Desse modo, é possível constatar que os parâmetros utilizados não foram eficazes para alterar a dor em indivíduos saudáveis e a Alta Voltagem teve maior agradabilidade, porém acomodou mais vezes.
Current analysis compares transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and high voltage (HV) on healthy subjects. Twenty volunteers experienced the two electro-stimulating modalities. Nociception was evaluated by pressure and thermal stimuli on the upper left limb and electro-analgesia was applied for 20 minutes on the elbow articulation. TENS parameters comprised: phase of 200 µs and frequency of 100 Hz. In the case of HV: 50 µs and 100 Hz, positive pole on the median nerve region and negative pole on the ulnar region. There were no significant paralimiar differences of pain and pain intensity to the cold. HV was more agreeable and with a great number of adaptations. Parameters employed were not efficacious to change pain in healthy subjects; HV had a greater agreeability albeit accommodated several times.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Pain Measurement , Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation , Cold TemperatureABSTRACT
Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture at nape points plus nerve electrical stimulation on deglutition function and cerebral blood flow in pseudobulbar palsy after cerebral stroke. Method The eligible subjects were randomized into a control group of 35 cases and a treatment group of 33 cases. The control group was intervened by conventional Western medication, while the treatment group was by acupuncture at nape points plus nerve electrical stimulation in addition to the Western medication, once a day, 4 weeks as a treatment course. Result The total effective rates were respectively 93.9%and 80.0%in the two groups, and the treatment group was significantly superior to the control group; after the intervention, the high whole blood viscosity, low whole blood viscosity, hematocrit, and plasma viscosity all dropped markedly in the treatment group, and were significantly different from that in the control group (P0.05). After the intervention, there were significant differences in comparing the Vm, Vs, and PI of the left vertebral artery, right vertebral artery, and basilar artery between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture at nape points plus nerve electrical stimulation is effective in improving the deglutition function in pseudobulbar palsy after cerebral stroke, and its action mechanism is plausibly through improving the cerebral blood flow and promoting the recovery of brain function.
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Objective To observe the effect of transcutaneous electrical stimulationon on Jiaji acupoint (Ex-B 05) on the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in rats with spinal cord injury (SCI). Meth-ods Ninety healthy adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal group (group A, n=30), transcutaneous electrical stimula-tion treatment group (group B, n=30) and control group (group C, n=30). Allen's method was used to establish the model of acute SCI in T9. All of them were assessed with Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) scale and Slanting Board Test, and the expression of GFAP, NF-κB and IL-6 of the spinal cord were detected with immunohistochemistry one, three and seven days after operation. Results The results of BBB scale and Slanting Board Test were better in group B than in group C three and seven days after SCI (t>3.349, P20.815, P<0.001). Conclusion Transcutane-ous electrical stimulation can inhibit the inflammation and the expression of GFAP in spinal cord after SCI, and improve the motor function in rats after SCI.
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Objective To study any protection against hippocampal neuron damage induced by epilepsy (SE) provided by transcutaneous stimulation (TNS) of the trigeminal nerve and to document any effect of such stimulation on the expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 65/67.Methods Pilocarpine injection was used to induce epilepsy in healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats which were then randomly divided into a treatment group and a model group.Rats which had not received the pilocarpine injection served as normal controls.In the treatment group the rats were given electrostimulation for one month after the first spontaneous seizure following the injection of pilocarpine.In the model group they were given sham TNS for one month.After the month of stimula-tion,immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of GAD65/67 in the hippocampus.Terminal deoxy-nucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays and Nissl staining were applied to deter-mine apoptosis and neuron loss in the hippocampus.Results Significantly less apoptosis was observed in the treatment group than in model group at 24 h,48 h and 72 h post-injection.Compared to the model group,average GAD65/67 expression had increased significantly in the treatment group at 24 h,72 h,1 week,2 weeks and 4 weeks post-stimulation.GAD65 expression reached its peak from 72 h to 1 week post-stimulation,then decreased to the level of the control group by 4 weeks post-stimulation.The expression of GAD67 remained elevated at all the time points employed.Conclusions TNS can significantly protect hippocampal neurons from damage in epilepsy,at least in rats.The underlying anti-epileptic and neuroprotective mechanisms may involve increased inhibitory transmission induced by the stimulation.
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Objective To research the effects of transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES) on the expression of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-a) in the ventral horn of rats' spinal cords and in the injured region after spinal cord injury (SCI),and to explore the effects of TES on neuron reconstruction and functional recovery and their mechanisms. Methods Forty-eight Wistar rats were selected and divided using stochastic methods into a model group and a TES group.Using Allen's method,a complete SCI model was created at T9.Rats of the TES group were given TES treatment.Basso-Beattie-Brasnahan ( BBB ) ratings were used to evaluate locomotor function.Both groups were sampled at 1,3,5 and 7 days after the operation.Immunohistochemical techniques were used to detect the expression of NT-3 and TNF-α in the rats' spinal cords at the different time points. Results The post-operative BBB ratings of both groups showed an increasing trend.In the TES group the improvement was significantly better at 5 and 7 days than in the model group.The expression of NT-3 immuno-positive cells increased in both groups,peaking at 5 days post-operation,then declining at day 7.The expression of NT-3 positive cells at days 5 and 7 had increased significantly more in the TES group than in the model group.TNF-α immuno-positive expression increased with time in both groups,but in the TES group the expression increased substantially less than in the model group.At days 5 and 7 post-operation,the expression was significantly lower than in the model group. Conclusions TES can promote NT-3 expression in rats with SCI,inhibit the increase in TNF-α expression,and aid repair and reconstruction of neurons and related functional recovery.
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OBJETIVO: Analisar a intensidade da dor em indivíduos com disfunção temporomandibular (DTM) tratados com dez sessões de estimulação elétrica nervosa transcutânea (TENS) ou estimulação elétrica de Alta Voltagem (EEAV). MÉTODOS: Foram selecionadas 24 mulheres (22,98±1,86 anos) com diagnóstico de DTM, segundo o Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD), sendo 60 por cento com diagnóstico de DTM do grupo Ia e 40 por cento Ia e IIa. As voluntárias foram divididas em dois grupos denominados grupo TENS (GT) e Grupo Alta Voltagem (GAV). Em ambos os grupos as voluntárias receberam dez aplicações da TENS (10Hz modulada em 50 por cento, 200 µs e intensidade no limiar motor) ou da EEAV (10Hz, pulsos gêmeos com 20µs cada e intervalo 100µs interpulsos gêmeos, 100Volts e pólo positivo) duas vezes por semana por 30 minutos. Para mensurar a intensidade da dor, foi utilizada a escala visual analógica (EVA). Para análise estatística, utilizou-se teste t de Student e análise de regressão linear simples. RESULTADOS: Comparando-se as condições pré e pós TENS observa-se uma redução na intensidade da dor (p<0,05) na maioria das sessões, exceto na sexta, sétima e oitava, enquanto a EEAV reduziu a intensidade da dor (p<0,05) em todas as sessões. Avaliando-se os valores pré-aplicação, os dois recursos diminuíram a intensidade de dor de forma uniforme ao longo das dez sessões (p<0,05). CONCLUSÕES: A TENS e a EEAV promoveram redução da intensidade da dor em mulheres com DTM, sendo a EEAV mais um recurso indicado para o tratamento desses pacientes.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze pain intensity in individuals with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) who were treated with ten sessions of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) or high voltage electrical stimulation (HVES). METHODS: Twenty-four women (22.98±1.86 years old) with a diagnosis of TMD in accordance with the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) were selected. 60 percent of the subjects had a diagnosis of TMD classified as group Ia and 40 percent as Ia and IIa. They were divided into two groups named the TENS group (TG) and the high voltage group (HVG). Each individual received ten applications of either TENS (10Hz, modulated at 50 percent, 200µs and motor threshold intensity) or HVES (10Hz, twin pulses of 20µs each at intervals of 100µs between the twin pulses, 100volts and positive pole) twice a week for 30 minutes. To measure the pain intensity, a visual analog scale (VAS) was used. Statistical analyses were performed using Student's t test and simple linear regression. RESULTS: Comparison of the pre and post-TENS conditions showed diminished pain intensity (p<0.05) at most sessions except for sessions 6, 7 and 8. In contrast, HVES reduced the pain intensity at all sessions (p<0.05). Evaluation of the pre-application values showed that both treatments decreased the pain intensity uniformly over the ten sessions (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: TENS and HVES both promoted reductions in pain intensity in women with TMD. HVES is a therapeutic resource recommended for such patients.
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The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of transcutaneous electrical diaphragmatic stimulation (TEDS) on different types of diaphragm muscle fibers. Male Wistar rats (8-12 weeks old) were divided into 2 experimental groups (N = 8 in each group): 1) control, 2) animals submitted to TEDS [frequency = 50 Hz; T ON/T OFF (contraction/relaxation time) = 2/2 s; pulse duration = 0.4 ms, intensity = 5 mA with a 1 mA increase every 3 min for 20 min] for 7 days. After completing this treatment period, the I, IIA, IIB, and IID diaphragm muscle fibers were identified using the mATPase technique. Statistical analysis consisted of the normality, homoscedasticity and t-tests (P < 0.05). There was a 19.6 percent (P < 0.05) reduction in the number of type I fibers and a 49.7 percent increase (P < 0.05) in type IID fibers in the TEDS group compared with the control group. An important result of the present study was that electrical stimulation with surface electrodes was efficient in altering the distribution of fibers in diaphragm muscle. This therapeutic resource could be used in the treatment of respiratory muscle alterations.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Diaphragm/anatomy & histology , Muscle Fibers, Skeletal , Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation , Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/classification , Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/metabolism , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Objective:Observe the curative effects of transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES) combined with medicine when it is used to treat the multi-infarct dementia (MID). Method: 54 dementias are randomly divided into two groups: The group TES and the matched group, with each 27 patients, in which, the group TES adopts TES with medicine and the matched group is only supplied to medicine. Score the MMSE, MBI and HDS before and after treatment. Judge the curative effects according to the scores of MBI. Results: In comparison, the MMSE, MBI and HDS are greatly different, the curative efficiency of the group tES is higher than the one of the matched group and the difference is significance in statistic(P