Sistema de acciones de orientación educativa para la familia de niño con discapacidad físico-motora

Fundamento: la orientación educativa a las familias de niños con discapacidad físico-motora es esencial para su correcta rehabilitación e inserción en la sociedad. Objetivo: aplicar un sistema de acciones de orientación educativa a la familia de un niño con discapacidad físico-motora. Métodos: se realizó un estudio cualitativo de investigación acción práctica a la familia de un niño con diagnóstico de una parálisis cerebral percibida como una discapacidad físico-motora en el período julio 2021-diciembre 2022, perteneciente al área de salud del Policlínico Docente "Marta Abreu". Los métodos teóricos utilizados fueron: analítico-sintético; inductivo-deductivo y la modelación. Entre los métodos empíricos se aplicaron: la observación participante; entrevista en profundidad; análisis de documentos; diario del investigador y estudio de casos. Resultados: el diagnóstico realizado demostró la necesidad de la preparación de la familia de un niño con discapacidad fisico-motora para afrontar con calidad esta nueva etapa de sus vidas, por lo que se diseñó y aplicó un sistema de acciones el cual fue estructurado en tres subsistemas: primero, acciones para el manejo de las técnicas de aseo; segundo, para las técnicas de alimentación; y tercero, los cuidados posturales y las transferencias. Fue valorado por especialistas vinculados con esta temática, quienes lo consideraron muy pertinente y viable. Conclusiones: el sistema de acciones de orientación a las familias de niños con discapacidad fisico-motora resultó efectivo pues se evidenciaron cambios importantes en cuanto al manejo de este niño por la familia.

Background: educational guidance for families of children with physical-motor disabilities is essential for their correct rehabilitation and insertion into society. Objective: apply a system of educational guidance actions to the family of a child with physical-motor disability. Methods: a qualitative practical action research study was carried out on the family of a child with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy perceived as a physical-motor disability from July 2021 to December 2022, from "Marta Abreu" University Polyclinic health area theoretical methods used were: analytical-synthetic; inductive-deductive and modeling: empirical ones: participant observation; depth interview; document analysis; researcher diary and case study. Results: the diagnosis carried out demonstrated the need to prepare the family of the child with a physical-motor disability to face this new stage of their lives with quality, so a system of actions was designed and applied which was structured in three subsystems: first, actions to manage grooming techniques; second, for feeding techniques; and third, postural care and transfers. It was evaluated by specialists linked to this topic, who considered it very pertinent and viable. Conclusions: the system of guidance actions for the family of a child with a physical-motor disability was effective as important changes were evident in terms of the management of this child by the family.

Transferencia del aprendizaje motor en pacientes con antecedentes de accidente cerebrovascular: serie de casos / Transfer of motor learning in stroke: a case report series

Antecedentes. La rehabilitación es un proceso de reaprendizaje motor, que mejora el desempeño en términos de adquisición de nuevas habilidades y adaptación o refinamiento de habilidades aprendidas previamente. A pesar de este conocimiento, existen, considerablemente, pocos estudios que describan el aprendizaje motor después de un accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) y la relevancia del mismo en los procesos de rehabilitación y recuperación. Objetivo. Describir la transferencia del aprendizaje motor en pacientes con antecedentes de accidente cerebrovascular después de un tratamiento con procedimientos de reeducación funcional. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de dos casos con pacientes que recibieron tratamiento fisioterapéutico ambulatorio con los principios de reeducación funcional desarrollados en el Hospital de las Clínicas de la Universidad de São Paulo (Brasil), entre los meses de agosto y octubre de 2013. La transferencia del aprendizaje motor se determinó según los resultados obtenidos en la evaluación de balance funcional (Mini-BESTest). Se evaluó el test antes y después del tratamiento y se compararon los resultados para determinar el porcentaje de mejora. Resultados. En los dos casos se observó mejora clínica en el desempeño de la evaluación de balance funcional Mini-BESTest con un porcentaje de mejora entre el 21% y el 41%. Conclusión. Existen pocos hallazgos literarios que describen el mantenimiento de la capacidad de aprendizaje motor en pacientes con antecedentes de ACV. Este estudio reportó la capacidad para transferir el aprendizaje motor a una habilidad motora no aprendida (balance) en dos casos, con base en la mejoría clínica del desempeño motor en el test aplicado.

Background. Rehabilitation for patients is fundamentally a process of relearning, which improves the acquisition of new skills and the adaptation or refinement of previously learned abilities. Despite this knowledge, few studies describe motor learning after stroke and its relevance in recovery and rehabilitation processes. Objective. To describe the transfer of motor learning in patients with stroke history after a treatment with functional reeducation procedures. Materials and methods. A descriptive study of series of cases was conducted, with two patients that received outpatient physiotherapy treatment with the principles of functional reeducation at the Hospital de las Clinicas in the São Paulo University (Brazil) between August and October of 2013. The transfer of motor learning was determined according to results in the functional balance test (Mini-BESTest). The test was applied before and after the treatment, and the results were compared to establish improvement percentage. Results. In the two cases, clinical improvement was observed during the performance of the Mini-BESTest with an improvement percentage between 21% and 41%. Conclusion. Few research studies report the preservation of motor learning in patients with history of stroke. This study reported that two patients were able to transfer motor ability trained on the treatment to a similar untrained task (balance) based on the clinical improvements of motor performance in the applied test.

Transferring High Quality Care of the Elderly into the Clinical Workplace: Barriers and Facilitating Factors.

Introduction: Medical students experience difficulty transferring what they have learned in the classroom into the clinical workplace. Learning environments based upon whole-task learning can help medical students to apply knowledge, skills and attitudes into their clinical practice. However, little is known about how students experience the transfer from such a whole-task learning environment into the workplace. Aim: This study aims to identify the factors that students perceive to be facilitating and hindering the transfer of learning. Methodology: Semi-structured interviews were conducted. The principle of data saturation was applied. The interviews were coded by two independent researchers and analysed using thematic analysis. The inductive coding process (both descriptive and interpretive) identified recurring themes. Results: The barriers and facilitating factors that were identified as influencing the transfer of learning were linked to elements within the classroom (e.g. lack of practical protocols), the clinical workplace (e.g. supervisor not aware of what student learned in classroom) and students’ motivation (e.g. interest in the topic). Conclusion: Despite the focus on whole-task learning environments, students did not find the application of knowledge, skills and attitudes in the clinical workplace easy. Future research needs to investigate how the perceived barriers can be avoided.

Asessment of evaluation of transference support and training impact on the work of nurses / Avaliacao de suporte a transferencia e impacto de treinamento no trabalho dos enfermeiros / Evaluacion de apoyo a la transferencia de la formacion y el impacto en la practica de las enfermeras

OBJECTIVES: to assess the impact of the Training Course on Prevention and Treatment of PU, in width and depth; to observe and analyze the variables of transference support of training, offered by the organization and to verify the existence of the relationship between transference support and training impact. METHODS: this was a quantitative study, in which data were collected through the application of Likert-type instruments, conducted with 75 nurses participating in a training at a hospital organization in São Paulo city. Data were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: there was a positive impact in width and depth, and the variables of transference support were strongly related to the impact, and situational factors of support were the main predictors of impact. CONCLUSION: the results pointed toward pathways to redirect the practice of instructional actions in the work environment of individuals in the study scenario and in similar situations that occur in organizations. .

OBJETIVOS: avaliar o impacto do Curso de Capacitação em Prevenção e Tratamento de Úlcera por Pressão, em largura e profundidade; observar e analisar as variáveis de suporte à transferência de treinamento, oferecidas pela organização e verificar existência de relação entre suporte à transferência e impacto de treinamento. MÉTODO: estudo quantitativo, cuja coleta de dados se deu pela aplicação de instrumentos tipo Likert aos 75 enfermeiros participantes de um treinamento de uma organização hospitalar, no município de São Paulo. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente. RESULTADOS: houve impacto positivo em largura e profundidade, e as variáveis de suporte à transferência estão fortemente relacionadas ao impacto, sendo os fatores situacionais de apoio os maiores preditores de impacto. CONCLUSÃO: os resultados permitiram apontar trilhas no sentido de reconduzir a prática de ações instrucionais no ambiente de trabalho dos indivíduos no cenário do estudo e em situações semelhantes que ocorrem nas organizações. .

OBJETIVOS: evaluar el impacto de la capacitación en la prevención y tratamiento de úlceras por presión, en cobertura y en profundidad, observación y análisis de las variables de apoyo a la transferencia de la formación ofrecida por la organización, y verificar la existencia de la relación entre la transferencia de apoyo y resultados de la capacitación. MÉTODOS: estudio cuantitativo, realizado con 75 enfermeros en formación en una organización hospitalaria en la ciudad de São Paulo mediante la aplicación de herramientas de la escala de Likert. Los datos se analizaron estadísticamente. RESULTADOS: hubo un resultado positivo en la anchura y la profundidad del impacto. Las variables que apoyan la transferencia estaban fuertemente relacionados con el impacto de formación, siendo los factores de la situación de apoyo a los principales predictores de impacto. CONCLUSIÓN: los resultados apuntan hacia formas de rediseñar la práctica de las acciones educativas en el entorno laboral de las personas en este ámbito de estudio particular y en situaciones similares que ocurren en otras organizaciones. .

Uma autópsia nas origens dos problemas de aprendizagem matemática sob as lentes da transferência em Freud / An autopsy on the origins of the problems of learning mathematics under the lens of transfer in Freud

O objetivo primordial deste ensaio teórico é fomentar as discussões dos conceitos psicanalíticos nos ambientes formais de Aprendizagem Matemática nas salas do Ensino Básico, utilizando-se do mecanismo da transferência como conceito psicanalítico para compreender as origens dos problemas de Aprendizagem Matemática. A análise teórica repousou em Freud (1901, 1912, 1915), Nasio (1999), D'Ambrosio (1996), Fiorentini e Lorenzato (2009), Huete e Bravo (2006), Pain (1985) e Kupfer (1989). Os resultados alcançados reclamaram que o mecanismo da transferência resulta de situações mal resolvidas entre pais e filhos, que durante as aulas de Matemática são compreendidos como resistência à sua aprendizagem, ocasionando os problemas escolares...

The primary purpose of this essay is to promote theoretical discussions of psycanalitics concepts in formal Mathematics learning environments in elementary classrooms, using the mechanism of transfer as psychoanalytic concept to understand the origins of Mathematical learning problems. Theoretical analysis rested on Freud (1901, 1912, 1915), Nasio (1999), D'Ambrosio (1996), Fiorentini and Lorenzato (2009), Huete and Bravo (2006), Pain (1985) and Kupfer (1989). The results achieved have complained that the mechanism of transfer results from unresolved situations between parents and children that, during lessons of Mathematics, are understood as resistance to their learning, causing problems at school...