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ABSTRACT Introduction: The knowledge of clinicians regarding blood transfusion services may impact patient care and transfusion outcome. The wide variation in transfusion practices among clinicians leads to inappropriate blood product usage and jeopardizes patient safety. Hence, this survey study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude and practice among the residents and interns of safe blood transfusion. Methods: The online survey was based on self-administered questionnaires of three sections: 1. Demography; 2. Knowledge, and; 3. Attitude and Practice. One point was assigned for the correct response of each question in every section. The knowledge score was further categorized into three categories, depending on the points obtained. The participants were also divided into four groups, depending on their experience. The Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to determine the difference of knowledge and practice scores in three designated groups of residents and interns. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered to be significant. Result: A total of 247 residents and interns participated in this study. Thirteen participants had an incomplete response. Out of 234 participants, Senior Residents (SR), Junior Residents (JR), and interns were 70, 96 and 68 participants, respectively. The knowledge scores of interns were significantly low, as compared to SRs and JRs. Practice scores of interns were also significantly low, compared to the JRs. However, most of the residents and interns (85%) were aware of the pre-transfusion testing. Conclusion: Therefore, the mandatory incorporation of the transfusion medicine subject in the undergraduate curriculum can help the young budding doctors to better implement the patient blood management.
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Objective:To explore the value of thromboela-stogram (TEG) in predicting the risk of bleeding in patients undergoing thyroid cancer surgery and guiding blood transfusion therapy.Methods:46 patients with hemorrhage after thyroid cancer surgery in General Surgery Department of the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from Sep. 2021 to Sep. 2022 were selected as the hemorrhage group, including 12 males and 34 females. The age ranged from 18 to 76 years old, with an average age of (45.39±8.64). A total of 46 patients with no postoperative bleeding during the same period were selected as control group, including 9 males and 37 females. The average age was (43.86±9.12) years, ranging from 18 to 75 years. Postoperative TEG parameters, thrombin time (fibrinogen), fibrinogen (FIB), prothombin time (PT), thrombin time (thrombin time, TT), activited partial thomboplastin time (APTT) ], Spearman correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between TEG parameters, coagulation parameters and postoperative blood loss. The value of TEG parameters and coagulation indexes in predicting bleeding was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:R value (9.81±1.39) min, K value (3.52±0.94) min, PT value (14.12±1.98) s, TT value (21.36±3.21) s and APTT value (40.29±7.18) s in hemorrhage group were higher than those in control group (7.09±1.12) min and 2.75±0.81) min, (12.86±1.74) s, (19.71±2.53) s, (36.15±6.52) s, MA value (51.67±5.13) mm, Angle (47.06±9.24) °, FIB (1.95±0.64) g/L were lower than control group (57.76±6.05) mm, (58.29±10.28) °, (2.41±0.89) g/L (t 1=10.335, t 2=4.209, t 3=3.242, t 4=2.738, t 5=2.895, t 6=5.207, t 7=5.510, t 8=2.846, all P<0.05) ; R-value (11.02±1.26) min and K-value (4.16±0.93) min in patients with high blood (≥10 ml) bleeding group were higher than those in patients with low bleeding (<10 ml) (9.28±1.19) min and (3.24±0.89) min. MA value (48.04±5.01) mm, Angle (42.15±9.14) ° were lower than those of patients with hypohemorrhage (53.26±5.29) mm, (49.21±9.53) ° (t 1=4.484, t 2=3.183, t 3=3.127, t 4=2.340, P<0.05). The amount of blood loss after thyroid cancer surgery was positively correlated with R value and K value, and negatively correlated with MA value and Angle (r 1=0.421, r 2=0.335, r 3=-0.318, r 4=-0.306, all P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of R value, K value, MA value and Angle predicted perioperative bleeding of thyroid cancer surgery was>0.7. R value (7.13±1.15) min, K value (2.81±0.82) min, PT (13.01±1.76) s, TT (20.03±2.60) s, APTT (37.12±6.64) s after treatment were lower than those before treatment (9.81±1.39) min, (3.52±0.94) min, (14.12±1.98) s, (21.36±3.21) s, (40.29±7.18) s, MA value (56.89±5.94) mm, Angle (56.73±9.86) °, FIB (2.35±0.85) g/L were higher than those before treatment (51.67±5.13) mm, (47.06±9.24) °, (1.95±0.64) g/L (t 1=10.076, t 2=3.860, t 3=2.842, t 4=2.184, t 5=2.198, t 6=4.511, t 7=4.854, t 8=2.550, all P<0.05) . Conclusion:TEG parameters R value, K value, MA value and Angle have certain predictive efficacy in predicting bleeding risk of patients undergoing thyroid cancer surgery, and can guide clinical transfusion therapy.
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Objective:To explore the effectiveness and safety of plasma exchange in the treatment of neonatal extremely severe hyperbilirubinemia.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the data of 18 cases, who were all newborns with extremely severe hyperbilirubinemia and treated with plasma exchange in the NICU at Xi ′an Children′s Hospital from April 2019 to December 2019.The changes of serum total bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, albumin, white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets, hematocrit, hemoglobin, serum sodium, serum potassium, serum calcium, blood glucose, blood coagulation and mean arterial pressure were compared before and after plasma exchange.Results:A total of 18 eligible children were included.The peak value of total bilirubin was (571.2±113.3) μmol/L before treatment, and the value after treatment was (235.8±66.7) μmol/L, whose difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The exchange rate of bilirubin was (58.5±8.4)%.There were no statistically significant differences in the changes of white blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum sodium, serum potassium, serum chloride, serum calcium, serum glucose, and albumin before and after plasma exchange (all P>0.05). There were no allergic reactions, hypotension, plasma separator or pipeline coagulation and other adverse reactions during plasma exchange. Conclusion:Plasma exchange therapy can remove serum bilirubin quickly, effectively and safely, and may be a new treatment for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
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【Objective】 To explore the clinical effect of blood transfusion in children with anemia of different severity. 【Methods】 135 premature infants admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to December 2019 were selected as research subjects. They were divided into study group(n=99) and the control group(n=36) according to the presence or absence of anemia. The children in the study group were treated with red blood cell transfusion, and the vital signs, Hb, Hct and tissue oxygen saturation of the two groups were compared. 【Results】 After treatment, HR of severe anemicgroup was (118.4±9.2) times/min, which was significantly lower than that of control group as (127.1±12.4) times/min and mildanemic group as (125.7±11.5) times/min; RR of severe anemic group was (25.0±4.7) times/min, which was significantly lower than that of control group as (30.4±5.9) times/min and mild anemic group as(28.5±5.6) times/min.And the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, Hb in severe anemicgroup and moderate anemic group were (140.3±6.5) g/L and (147.4±7.2) g/L, respectively, and Hct in severe anemic group and moderate anemic group were (0.43±0.02) L/L and (0.46±0.02) L/L respectively, which were significantly higher than those before treatment (P<0.05). After treatment, cerebral oxygen saturation and intestinal tissue oxygen saturation of severe anemic group were (79.2±4.0)%and (80.0±4.3)%, which were significantly lower than those of control group (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Blood transfusion treatment can significantly improve Hb and Hct levels, as well astissue oxygen saturationof premature infants.
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Platelets concentrates play a vital role in the maintenance of normal hemostatic activity and the integrity of blood vessel wall. Accordingly, for patients with low platelet counts (thrombocytopenia) or dysfunction, platelet transfusion can be of significant value in preventing and treating hemorrhage. In recent years, various studies have proved that platelets also play a very important role on anti-inflammation and improvement of cell and tissue growth and repair in regeneration processes. Platelets with the natural source of various growth factors can help in wound healing and proliferation. At present, autologous platelet-rich plasma and platelet gel are also widely used in the treatment of clinical patients. Therefore, the non-transfusion therapy of allogeneic platelet concentrate and alternatives such as platelet rich plasma, platelet gel and dry platelet (freeze-dried platelet) should be applied on patients in the near future.
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Objective: To find out prevalence of iron overload in children with leukemia at the end oftreatment, and to identify factors affecting iron overload. Methods: Children (age-1-14 y)treated for Leukemia of our center who completed treatment between January and August2016 were included in the study. Serum ferritin and iron were measured at completion oftreatment and total blood transfusion received throughout treatment was quantified. Serumferritin >1000 ng/mL was considered as marker of transfusional iron overload. Results: Outof 66 participants, 55 (83.3%) received red cell transfusions. Average transfused volumewas 48 mL/kg, and patients with high-risk leukemia received more transfusions thanstandard-risk patients. 16 patients (24.2%) demonstrated transfusional iron overload. Totaltransfused volume and treatment intensity were significant factors associated with ironoverload, and total transfused volume of >100 mL/kg (approximately 10 transfusions) wasthe most important determinant of transfusional iron burden. Conclusion: One-fourth ofpediatric leukemia patients demonstrated iron overload at the end of treatment. Thesepatients need to be monitored and followed-up after treatment to assess need for laterchelation therapy.
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Objective To investigate the effects of autologous blood transfusion and allogeneic blood transfusion on postoperative complications and outcome of patients underwent craniotomy with traumatic brain injury.Methods All transfusional cases underwent emergency craniotomy with trau-matic brain injury from January,2012 to June,201 6,1 61 males and 38 females,ASA physical statusⅠ-Ⅳ,were respectively analyzed and divided into autologous blood group (n = 108)and allogeneic blood group (n =91)based on whether or not using cell salvage.The restrictive transfusion strategy was applied in the two groups and the red blood cells were infused to maintain the hemoglobin concen-tration at 70-100 g/L.The incidence of postoperative complications and adverse transfusion reaction were analyzed and the clinical outcome was judged by Glasgow outcome score (GOS).Results The incidence of postoperative complications (33% vs.56%,P <0.01 )and adverse transfusion reaction (5% vs.14%,P <0.05)of the autologous blood group were lower than that in the allogeneic blood group,and the clinical outcome was better (P <0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that allo-genetic transfusion (OR =1.953,95%CI 1.381-2.529)was an independent risk factor of postopera-tive complications.Conclusion The use of autologous blood transfusion in patients with traumatic brain injury can reduce the incidence of postoperative complications and the risk of blood transfusion and improve clinical outcome.
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Objective To explore the cause constituents of neonatal severe hyperbilirubinemia and the clinical efficacy and safety of blood exchange transfusion treatment .Methods 142 neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia conducted the blood exchange transfusion therapy .The levels of serum total bilirubin ,indirect bilirubin and direct bilirubin and the change of blood routine indica-tors were analyzed before and after blood exchange transfusion .Results The main causes leading to neonatal severe hyperbilirubi-nemia were bacterial infection(28 .20% ) ,glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(G6PD) deficiency(27 .50% ) and pregnant women with ABO blood group incompatibility (16 .20% ) .The levels of serum total bilirubin ,indirect bilirubin ,direct bilirubin and blood routine indicators after operation in neonates with severe hyperbilirubinemia were significantly lower than those before operation , the differences were statistically significant (P<0 .05) .The total bilirubin swap exchange was (54 .40 ± 9 .90)% .The intraoperative adverse reactions rate was 3 .50% .The postoperative thrombocytopenia occurrence rate was 72 .00% .Conclusion The blood ex-change transfusion for treating neonatal severe hyperbilirubinemia possesses has clinical significance ,but the hematology and bio-chemical indicators monitoring should be strengthened for avoiding adverse reactions occurrence .
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Objective To investigate changes in serum bilirubin and internal environment,etc.of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia that before and after the treatment of peripherally arteriovenous synchronous exchange transfusion. Methods In the strict monitoring of vital signs,hyperbilirubinemia peripheral vessels exchange transfusion was applied in five cases of neonatal,and the serum bilirubin,routine blood test,electrolytes before and after the exchange transfusion were detected.Results By comparing the data before and after the exchange transfusion,the total bilirubin and indirect bilirubin decreased obviously,respectively[(414.02 ±56.04)μmol/L,(225.72 ±53.54)μmol/L,t =5.433 P =0.01,(381.82 ±44.68)μmol/L,(199.22 ±57.37 )μmol/L,t =5.615 P =0.01 ],the difference was statistically significant,and also the platelet count were decreased obviously,respectively [(199.00 ± 42.01)×109 /L,(102.00 ±17.72)×109 /L,t =4.758,P =0.001],the difference was statistically significant.After the exchange transfusion,white blood cells,hemoglobin,potassium,sodium,chloride,calcium,glucose,blood pressure, heart rate and blood PH value had decreased or increased slightly,there was no significant difference P >0.05.Cere-bral palsy and other complications did not occur after 12 months of follow -up of the five cases.Conclusion The outer peripheral arteriovenous synchronous exchange transfusion therapy for neonatal severe hyperbilirubinemia can quickly reduce serum bilirubin,and has less impact on the body environment,it is an important and effective salvage treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia,thereby reducing damage to the nervous system of bilirubin.
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Blood transfusion therapy is widerly used in pediatric surgery as it's validity in many acute and chronic pediatric diseases.Compared to adults,pediatric perioperative transfusion therapy,particularly the approach to massive blood transfusion can be quite complex because of the unique physiologic characteristics.Perioperative transfusion therapy in children can cause significant metabolic disturbance,and further,cause severe complications.This paper presents an overview of the physiologic characteristics which related to pediatric perioperative transfusion therapy.And also the metabolisms related to massive perioperative blood transfusion in children.These may accordingly primarily useful to treat the pediatric patients.
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Analizamos los conocimientos de médicos generales y especialistas de la Caja Nacional de Salud, sobre indicaciones, beneficios y riesgos de las transfusiones sanguíneas y de hemocomponentes antes de la implementación del nuevo formulario de solicitud de transfusión de sangre y/o hemocomponentes del Programa Nacional de Sangre y de la Caja Nacional de Salud. Distribuimos 207 encuestas autoaplicadas a médicos generales y especialistas de diferentes hospitales y centros médicos de la Caja Nacional de Salud regional La Paz; las encuestas contenían 8 preguntas extraídas del último acápite del nuevo formulario de solicitud de transfusión sanguínea. Se incluyeron según criterios 141 encuestas. El 90.8% de los profesionales esperaron encontrar mejoría clínica con la transfusión, el 99.3% conocen los riesgos de transmisión de infecciones a través de estas, el 92.9% evalúan los beneficios y riesgos antes de indicarla y el 66.6% de profesionales registran en la historia clínica las razones de su indicación; sin embargo, existe poco conocimiento sobre alternativas terapéuticas antes de transfundir y las indicaciones de transfusión sanguínea no son uniformes. La estrategia de ahorro de transfusión tiene que partir de la capacitación del personal médico relacionado con su indicación, de la elaboración de un manual del uso adecuado de hemocomponentes y de protocolos de utilización de estimulantes hematínicos y folatos en casos de rescate preoperatorio, anemias ferropénicas y megaloblásticas y de la conformación de comités de hemovigilancia de acuerdo a las políticas del Programa Nacional de Sangre.
We analyzed the knowledge of general and specialists doctors from the Caja Nacional de Salud, about indications, benefits and risks of blood transfusions and blood derivatives before the implementation of the new blood transfusion application form or blood derivatives of the National Blood Program and the Caja Nacional de Salud. We distributed 207 self applied enquiries to general and specialist medics from different hospitals and medical centers from the Caja Nacional de Salud, the enquiries included 8 questions extracted from the last paragraph of the new blood transfusion application form; 141 enquires were included by criteriain the study; 90.8% of professionals expected to find clinical improvement with transfusion, 99.3% know the transmission of infection risks through these, 92.9% evaluated benefits and risks before commanding the blood transfusion, 66.6% of register in the clinical history the reasons for the indication, however, there is a few knowledge about the therapeutic alternatives before transfuse and the blood transfusion indications are not uniform. The transfusion-saving strategy has to begin with the training of medical personnel related to indications, the development of a adequate user manual of blood derivatives and stimulants haematinics and folates use protocols in preoperative rescue cases, ferropenic, megaloblastic anemias and the creation hemosurveillance committee in accordance with the policies of the National Blood Program.
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TherapeuticsABSTRACT
La terapia con eritropoyetina todavía no ha sido bien definida y su uso rutinario varía de acuerdo con el criterio de cada unidad neonatal. En el Hospital de San José la prevención de la anemia del prematuro ha ido cambiando con el tiempo. Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia de transfusiones según el tratamiento administrado a los recién nacidos pretérmino en la unidad de cuidado intermedio del Hospital de San José en el período 2006-2008. Metodología: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y longitudinal. Se revisaron 115 historias clínicas, de las cuales se obtuvieron 34 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: de los pacientes a quienes se les administró eritropoyetina 4,76% necesitaron transfusión y de los que no la recibieron 46,1% requirieron por lo menos una. Entre aquellos con edad gestacional corregida menor o igual a 30 semanas que recibieron eritropoyetina 50% no requirieron TR, y sin el uso de ésta 50% fueron transfundidos. Con edad gestacional mayor a 30 semanas y empleo de eritropoyetina, el 92,3% no requirieron TR y sin su uso el 71,3% sí. Conclusión: se puede pensar que el uso de eritropoyetina disminuye la necesidad de TR de glóbulos rojos.
Erythropoietin therapy has not yet been well defined and its use varies according to individual neonatal care unit protocols.Prevention of the anemia of prematurity at the San José Hospital has changed over time. Objective: to determine thefrequency of transfusion therapy related to the treatment administered to preterm infants at the Intermediate Care Unit at the San José Hospital between 2006 and 2008. Methodology: a longitudinal descriptive observational study was conducted in 34 patients satisfying the inclusion criteria, selected from 115 clinical records reviewed. Results: of patients who received erythropoietin 4.76% were transfused and of those who did not 46.1% required at least one transfusion. In those with a corrected gestational age = to 30 weeks who received erythropoietin, 50% did not require a transfusion, and of those who did not 50% were transfused. Those newborns with gestational age greater than 30 weeks and had received erythropoietin, 92.3% did not need to be transfused and of those who did not, 71.3% were transfused. Conclusion: it can be concluded that erythropoietin therapy reduces the need of red blood cells transfusion.
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Humans , Infant, Newborn , Anemia, Neonatal/therapy , Erythropoietin/analysis , Infant, Premature, Diseases/therapy , Blood Transfusion, IntrauterineABSTRACT
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI), é definido como um edema pulmonar não cardiogênico, relacionado à transfusão de sangue ou derivados, evoluindo com necessidade de ventilação mecânica na grande maioria dos casos. O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar um caso de TRALI em pós-operatório imediato de neurocirurgia. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo masculino, 69 anos, sem comprometimento pulmonar prévio, foi submetido à ressecção cirúrgica de glioblastoma multiforme, apresentando complicações intra-operatórias (broncoespasmo e diminuição da saturação de oxigênio), após ter recebido plasma fresco congelado, sendo diagnosticado TRALI. O paciente foi mantido sedado, sob ventilação mecânica e monitorização hemodinâmica invasiva, com melhora progressiva do quadro, recebendo alta da unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) no 8º dia de pós-operatório. CONCLUSÕES: O TRALI deve ser investigado nos pacientes que recebem hemoderivados e apresentam alterações pulmonares.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury (TRALI), is defined as noncardiogenic pulmonary edema temporally related to transfusion therapy, evolving with ventilation necessity mechanics in the great majority of the cases. This objective of this study was to present case of TRALI in the immediate postoperative of neurosurgery. CASE REPORT: We describe the case of a patient who presented broncoespasm and decreased oxygen saturation after to have received fresh-frozen plasma in the neurosurgery, who presented TRALI. The patient was submitted a invasive hemodynamic monitoring, sedation and supplemental oxygen with mechanical ventilation, with gradual improvement, leaving the intensive care unit in the eight day of postoperative. CONCLUSIONS: The TRALI must be investigated in the patients who receive transfusion therapy and present lung injury.
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Humans , Male , Aged , Pulmonary Edema/surgery , NeurosurgeryABSTRACT
Background. Prior to a blood transfusion, we should consider the risk benefit ratio. The literature shows that 18 to 57% of red blood cells, up to 96% of fresh frozen plasma and 26% of platelet concentrates are unnecessarily transfused. The goal of the present work is to know the appropriateness of transfusion at public and private health institutions supported by the Centro Nacional de la Transfusión Sanguínea . Material and methods. An observational, retrospective, transverse and descriptive study was carried out by analyzing the requirements of blood products considering the patient's diagnosis, requested blood components, complete blood count, prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin time. The therapeutic indication was considered either adequate or inadequate according to the guidelines for the transfusion therapy of blood products. Descriptive statistics for the analysis of the data were used. Results. We analyzed 1,573 request forms received in year 2001. In 849 cases (55%) the indication was adequate, whereas in 724 (45%) the indication of the blood products was inadequate. Conclusions. Our results show that overtransfusion is a common practice. We propose to follow the guidelines already established for the transfusion of blood components in order to avoid iatrogenia due to overtransfusion.
Introducción. Para indicar un componente sanguíneo debe valorarse el riesgo-beneficio, pues la literatura demuestra que de 18 a 57% de las transfusiones de concentrados eritrocitarios, hasta 96% del plasma fresco congelado y 26% de los concentrados plaquetarios llegan a ser innecesarios. El objetivo del presente trabajo es conocer el apego de la transfusión a las recomendaciones, en instituciones de salud pública y privadas que son apoyadas por el Centro Nacional de la Transfusión SanguíneaMaterial y mètodos.Se realizó un estudio observacional, retrospectivo, transversal y descriptivo en el Departamento de Fraccionamiento de la Sangre del Centro Nacional de la Transfusión Sanguínea analizando las solicitudes enviadas por las instituciones de salud. Los parámetros valorados fueron: diagnóstico clínico, componentes sanguíneos solicitados, hemoglobina, hematócrito, cuenta plaquetaria, tiempos de protrombina y tromboplastina parcial activado. La indicación terapèutica se consideró adecuada o inadecuada según las recomendaciones para la terapia transfusional de sangre y sus componentes. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva para el análisis de los datos.Resultados.Se analizó una muestra de 1,573 solicitudes del 2001. En 849 (55%) fue adecuada la indicación, mientras que en 724 (45%) la indicación de los productos sanguíneos fue inadecuada.Conclusión.Los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo muestran una tendencia importante a la sobretransfusión. Se propone seguir los lineamientos establecidos para la transfusión de componentes sanguíneos y así evitar la iatrogenia asociada.