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Background Blood transfusion saves human lives, but also it can be a route for TransfusionTransmissible Infections (TTIs) including Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and syphilis. Objective This study aimed to explore the risk factors associated with TTIs among blood donors at Regional Centre for Blood Transfusion (RCBT) of Karongi, Rwanda. Methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional study design conducted among 36,708 blood donors from 2015 to 2019. Data were extracted from the system known as eProgesaused and the outcome variable were TTIs including HBV, HCV and HIV (measured using Enzyme Immuno-Assay/Chemiluminescence Immunoassay) and syphilis (determined by Rapid Reagin Plasma). Descriptive statistics was computed to describe the characteristics of the blood donors. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were performed to assess the risk factors associated with TTIs. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The study found that the overall prevalence of TTIs was 2.1%, while the prevalences of HBV, HCV, HIV, and syphilis were 1.3%, 0.4%, 0.06%, and 0.34%, respectively. Multivariable analysis showed that the factors associated with HBV, HCV, HIV and syphilis were being male, age more than 25 years, being married, living in urban areas, first time blood donors and blood donors living in Rusizi, Rusizi, Nyamasheke and Karongi districts. Conclusion This study revealed that the most frequent TTI was HBV among blood donors and the main risk groups were males, age group of 26-35 years, married and first time donors. Hence, while developing health policies to reduce the effects of HBV infection on safe blood transfusion, these study findings should be taken into account.
Subject(s)
Blood Transfusion , HIV Infections , Hepatitis B virus , Hepacivirus , Disease Transmission, Infectious , SyphilisABSTRACT
@#Transfusion Transmissible Infections (TTI) in blood donors continue to be a threat to recipients, therefore, to increase accessibility to infection-free donor blood, voluntary non-remunerated donation has been recommended. This was a retrospective observational study aimed at establishing a data base for transfusion transmissible infections in family replacement and voluntary donors at the Alotau Provincial Health Authority (PHA) Blood Bank Service using donor data recorded from 2015 to 2018. Statistical significance was determined using the chi-square test with p-values of <0.05 considered significant. Ethical clearance was approved by the School of Medicine and Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee. Consent to collect data from the Alotau PHA Blood Transfusion Service and the Blood Bank Laboratory was granted on the 17/06/2019 reference #: RCO1/6/19. A total of 2852 blood donors were analyzed, of which 90% (n=2567) were males and 10% (n=285) were females. Of these, 69% (n=1959) were Family-Replacement-Donors (FRDs) and 31% (n=893) were Voluntary Donors (VDs). Donations by FRDs increased with increasing years from 2015 to 2017 and declined slightly by 1% in 2018. The complete opposite was observed in VDs. TTIs were higher in FRDs than in VDs (20.1% vs 16.8%, p=0.04), in single infections, (18.6% vs 15.2%, p=0.03), infection with HBV (9.9% vs 7.2%, p=0.02), and in those aged over 45 years (2.7% vs 0.1%, p=<0.01). The differences were statistically significant. TTI was significantly higher in male FRDs than VDs (19.1 vs 14.3, p=0.00) and in females, it was significantly higher in VDs than in FRDs (2.5% vs 1.0%, p=0.00). TTIs were significantly high in older male FRDs which seem to indicate that the primary route of transmission in this setting could be mostly sexual. This calls for establishment of effective educational awareness about risk factors in the older population, and promotion of voluntary non-remunerated donations in this setting.
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@#Quick selection of blood free from blood borne infections is paramount during massive blood loss due to trauma and severe blood deficiencies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of the ABO blood group antigens and their possible associations with Transfusion Transmissible Infections (TTIs), to help create a preliminary database for quick access to infection-free blood during such emergencies. This was an observational retrospective study which included all blood donor information recorded from January 2010 to June 2020 at the Nonga General Hospital Blood Transfusion Laboratory, East New Britain province, Papua New Guinea. All data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel Office Windows 10 version. Parametric statistics were used for analysis of the data, p-value less than 0.05 was considered significant. The chi-square test was used to determine if there were significant differences in infection rates between the ABO blood group antigens and variables of interest. Ethical clearance and consent were obtained from the relevant authorities. The order of frequency of the ABO blood group antigens in this population was O>A>B>AB (64%, 18%, 15%, 3%) respectively. The majority of the donors were males (74%). First time donors were 54% and voluntary donors were 85%. Most of the donors (43%) were in the 15-29 years age group. Males with blood type O were significantly associated (p=0.032) with TTIs. HBV/Syphilis co-infections and HBV/Syphilis/HIV triple infections were also significantly associated (p=<0.001) with blood type O. The prevalence rates of infections obtained in the present study were 14% among the young adults (15 to 29 years), 25% among males, 29% among voluntary donors, and 18% among first-time donors. This calls for increased public health educational awareness among the population in the study area
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ABSTRACT Background: Assessing trends in the rate of transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) in blood donors is critical to the monitoring of the blood supply safety and the donor screening effectiveness. The objective of this study was to conduct a trend analysis of TTIs and associated demographic factors of donors at a public blood bank in the central Brazil. Methods: A retrospective analysis (2010-2016) of blood donation data was performed to determine the prevalence of markers for TTIs. Multinomial and multivariate logistic regression were used to verify the association between the explanatory variables and TTIs. The trend was evaluated with the Prais Winsten's regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of TTIs was 4.04% (5,553 donors) among 137,209 donors, with a steady trend in the analyzed period. The seroprevalence for the hepatitis B virus (HBV), syphilis, hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Chagas disease, and human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) were 1.63%, 0.87%, 0.46%, 0.21%, 0.21% and 0.09%, respectively. The prevalence of HBV decreased (b = −0.021, p < 0.001), while syphilis increased (b = 0.112; p = 0.001), during the period investigated. The probability for a positive test for TTI was higher among donors with a low level of education, aged ≥30 years old, without stable marital status, and first-time donors. Conclusions: Even with the reduction in HBV, the increased rate of syphilis may have contributed to the fact that the overall rate of TTIs did not decrease in the evaluated period.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Blood Transfusion , Epidemiology , Blood Safety , Transfusion Medicine , Blood-Borne InfectionsABSTRACT
Background: Blood transfusion is associated with the risk of transmitting transfusion transmissible infections (TTI) even after the thorough mandatory TTI screening of blood units. To prevent disease transmission, it is important to inform, notify and counsel the donors about their seroreactive status at the blood centre. The present study determines the response of various TTI reactive donors for post donation counselling after notification and their persistence in society as reactive donors.Methods: It was a retrospective study conducted at tertiary care center from 1May2015 to 30April2017. Re-active donors were called to the blood bank by telephonic call and letters. Reactive donors on complying at center were retested, counselled and referred to appropriate centre for further management.Results: There were 34,204 blood donations over period of two years, out of which 375[1.09%] were reactive donors. Of these HBV reactive comprises of 166/34204(0.48%), HCV were 40/34204(0.11%), HIV reactive donors comprises of 26/34204(0.07%), Syphilis 138/34204[0.40%] and there were five cases of co-infection, two for HIV+ HCV, two cases HIV+HBV and one case of co-infection with HBV+ Syphilis. A total of 375 TTI reactive donors were identified, out of which (227/375) 60.5% contacted by tele-phone calls and letters and remaining (148/375) 39.46% cannot be contacted. Out of 227 contacted donors only 117 donors reported for post donation counselling i.e. response rate of 51.54%.Conclusions: Donor notification is efficient method of curtailing TTI but undermined by communication failure with donors, resulting in persistent load of blood transmissible infectious risk.
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Background: HCV is a blood borne virus. Mainly HCV infection attacks the liver and can cause chronic Hepatitis, liver cirrhosis (27%) and liver cancer (25%) and shows significant mortality and morbidity. Aim: The present study was to assess ICT kit used in the preliminary screening process of HCV infection among blood donors in a rural teaching hospital, Sangareddy. Nagababu Pyadala, Prudhvi Chand Mallepaddi, Rajaneesh Borugadda, Soumendra Nath Maity, Rohit C. P., Rathnagiri Polavarapu. Comparative evaluation of Immunochromatographic Assay for screening Hepatitis C among blood donors in a rural teaching hospital, Sangareddy. IAIM, 2016; 3(6): 152-156. Page 153 Materials and methods: In this study, 1050 number of blood units were collected from donors containing both voluntary and replacement donors for a period of one year from January 2015 to December 2015. 1050 donors were tested for HCV by using ICT kit and ELISA method. Results: We found 4 out of 1050 subjects tested positive for HCV by using ICT kit and conformed by ELISA method. Conclusion: The present study concluded that the overall performance of the rapid ICT kit for HCV was equally sensitive to ELISA and yet they were cheap and quicker. It can be recommended that ELISA comparable rapid devices may be allowed to be used for preliminary screening of Hepatitis C especially, in remote areas or where cost is an issue.
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Seroprevalence of transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs) among blood donors can be used to monitor the prevalence among apparently healthy adult population. The present study was conducted to determine the profi le of blood donors and seroprevalence of TTI among them. Retrospective analysis of the donors of a blood bank attached with a tertiary care hospital of Kolkata in 2011 was carried out. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 17. Majority (85%) of the donors were male, two-third in the age group of 21-40 years. Among the donors 2.79% were positive for any of the screened TTIs. Seroprevalence was highest for hepatitis B (1.41%) followed by human immunodefi ciency virus (0.60%) and hepatitis C (0.59%) and least for syphilis (0.23%). Seropositivity increased with age up to 50 years. There was no signifi cant difference in seropositivity between male and female. Highly sensitive donor screening and public awareness program can make transfusion of blood products safe.