Funcionamento de famílias com membros dependentes de substâncias psicoativas / The functioning of families with psychoactive substances addicted members

O objetivo do presente estudo foi caracterizar aspectos da estrutura e dinâmica das famílias com umou mais membros que estabelecem uma relação de dependência com substâncias psicoativas. Buscousesomar subsídios para uma melhor compreensão do cenário familiar, na busca de estratégias eficazesde enfrentamento da temática da drogadição, tanto pela família, como pelos profissionais de saúde.Tendo como base os parâmetros da pesquisa qualitativa, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadasque subsidiaram a construção do genograma trigeracional de seis famílias participantes deste estudo.Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo, sendo, após, organizados em categoriastemáticas. Os resultados evidenciaram que tanto a estrutura, em termos de organização familiar, edinâmica relacional estavam sustentadas por: a) presença do modelo adicto tanto pelos pais, como emmembros das gerações anteriores; b) instabilidade familiar, no sentido da fragilidade de apoio dafamília para seus membros; c) evolução do uso precoce de droga pelo indivíduo; d) carência de vínculosfamiliares, escolares e comunitários. Observou-se que as famílias aparecem como “coautoras” tanto dosurgimento do abuso da droga e de sua evolução, bem como na busca de recursos para tratamento dosmembros usuários. Destaca-se a importância da perspectiva intergeracional para ampliar a compreensãoe o leque de possibilidades de intervenção nessa temática complexa.

The objective of the present study was to characterize the aspects concerning the structureand dynamic of families with psychoactive substances addicted members. There was an effortto sum resources for a better comprehension of the family setting through the constant searchfor efficient strategies to deal with this theme by both family and health professionals. Theresearch was based on the descriptive qualitative method, consisting in semi structuredinterviews which subsidized the creation of a genogram over three generations of the sixfamilies that participated in the research. The collected data were analyzed and as a resultorganized and grouped in categories. The results suggest that not only the structure, interms of family organization, but also the dynamics related to it were sustained by: a) parentaland previous generation drug use model; b) family instability, meaning fragility of thesupport given to it by its members c) beginning and evolution of the precocious drug use; d)lack of school and community ties. It was also observed that the families are co-authors asfor the emergence and evolution of the drug abuse as for the search of treatment to theirmembers. As a whole, the study of genealogy is emphasized as a tool to increase understandingand the number of interventions possible in such a complex thematic

Effect of obesity on rat reproduction and on the development of their adult offspring

The aim of the present study was to assess the reproductive parameters of obese Wistar rats and to determine the frequency of their obese adult offspring. Neonatal rats were divided into two groups: F1 generation, induced to obesity by monosodium glutamate (MSG; F1MSG, N = 30), and rats given saline (F1CON, N = 13). At 90 days of age all animals were mated, producing the F2 offspring (F2CON, N = 28; F2MSG, N = 15). Reproductive parameters (fertility, pregnancy, and delivery indexes) were evaluated in F1 rats. F2 newborns were weighed, and the obesity parameter for F1 and F2 generations was determined from months 5 to 7 of life. At month 7, periovarian fat was weighed and no differences were found. Mean newborn weight also did not differ. The F1 and F2MSG groups presented approximately 90 percent of obese rats since month 5 of life, whereas F1 and F2CON groups presented only 33 percent. There was no difference in periovarian weight among groups. Although obesity did not affect reproductive parameters, obese dams (F1MSG) were responsible for the appearance of obesity in the subsequent generation. Thus, obesity induced by neonatal MSG administration did not interfere with reproduction, but did provide a viable model for obesity in second-generation adult Wistar rats. This model might contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in transgenerational obesity.

A construção de um passado

Este texto se propõe a sugerir caminhos, levantar dificuldades e fazer sugestões sobre as possíveis trajetórias a serem percorridas na sala de análise com pacientes que apresentam algum prejuízo na transmissão psíquica geracional. Usando como referencial a vivência clínica com pacientes da terceira geração de imigrantes que vieram ao Brasil à procura de um abrigo, devido a traumas catastróficos, pude observar que esses pacientes necessitam que a nossa atenção fique voltada para alguns pontos importantes de suas vidas que serão enumerados neste texto. Faz-se necessário pensar em uma maneira de trabalhar com esses sujeitos na clínica psicanalítica, levando-se em conta as variáveis abaixo: muitas vezes a cultura desses pacientes pode ter ficado relegada; o trauma que a imigração pode ter deixado; as catástrofes que puderam ter ocasionado a imigração e o sentimento de estranheza que muitas vezes acompanha o estrangeiro e aquele que o hospeda. Devido à singularidade de cada sujeito observado, este trabalho não deve ser lido como um manual, como um compêndio de regras, mas como um conjunto de sugestões para a exploração de algumas possibilidades de escuta na clínica psicanalítica e como uma discussão das principais dificuldades encontradas no processo de análise com esses pacientes.

This article intends to propose ways, raise some difficulties and make suggestions on possible paths to be explored during psycho-analysis with patients who present some loss in their psycho-generational transmission. Using as a reference clinical experience with third generation immigrants whose families came to Brazil seeking for shelter due to catastrophic traumas, it was possible to observe that those patients need our attention to be focused on some important points listed in the text. It is necessary to develop a way of working with those patients during clinical psycho-analysis taking into consideration these variables: Often, the culture of those patients may may have been neglected; The trauma the immigration could be caused; The catastrophes which could have caused the immigration and; The feeling of awkwardness which, many times, accompanies the foreigner and those shelter them. Due to the singularity of each patient observed during the study, this work should not be read as an instructions manual, as list of rules, but as a body of suggestions on the exploration of some possibilities of listening within psycho-analisis and as a discussion of the main difficulties one finds during the analytical process with those patients.