Indigenous ecological calendars and seasonal vector-borne diseases in the Colombian Amazon: an intercultural and interdisciplinary approach / Calendarios ecológicos indígenas y enfermedades estacionales transmitidas por vectores en la Amazonia colombiana: un enfoque intercultural e interdisciplinario

Traditional ecological knowledge of indigenous groups in the southeastern Colombian Amazon coincides in identifying the two main hydrological transition periods (wet-dry: August-November; dry-wet: March-April) as those with greater susceptibility to disease in humans. Here we analyze the association between indigenous knowledge about these two periods and the incidence of two vector-borne diseases: malaria and dengue. We researched seven "ecological calendars" from three regions in the Colombian Amazon, malaria and dengue cases reported from 2007 to 2019 by the Colombian National Institute of Health, and daily temperature and precipitation data from eight meteorological stations in the region from 1990-2019 (a climatological normal). Malaria and dengue follow a seasonal pattern: malaria has a peak from August to November, corresponding with the wet-dry transition (the "season of the worms" in the indigenous calendars), and dengue has a peak in March and April, coinciding with the dry-wet transition. Previous studies have shown a positive correlation between rainfall and dengue and a negative correlation between rainfall and malaria. However, as the indigenous ecological knowledge codified in the calendars suggests, disease prediction cannot be reduced to a linear correlation with a single environmental variable. Our data show that two major aspects of the indigenous calendars (the time of friaje as a critical marker of the year and the hydrological transition periods as periods of greater susceptibility to diseases) are supported by meteorological data and by the available information about the incidence of malaria and dengue.(AU)

Los conocimientos ecológicos tradicionales de grupos indígenas del sureste de la Amazonia colombiana coinciden en identificar dos principales periodos de transición hidrológica (seco-húmedo: agosto-noviembre; húmedo-seco: marzo-abril) como los de mayor susceptibilidad a enfermedades en humanos. Aquí analizamos la asociación entre el conocimiento indígena sobre estos dos periodos y la incidencia de dos enfermedades transmitidas por vectores: malaria y dengue. Investigamos siete calendarios ecológicos de tres regiones en la Amazonia colombiana, casos de dengue y malaria reportados de 2007 hasta 2019 por el Instituto Nacional de Salud de Colombia y datos diarios de temperatura y precipitación de ocho estaciones meteorológicas en la región, de 1990 a 2019 (una normal climatológica). Malaria y dengue siguen un patrón estacional, la malaria tiene un pico de agosto a noviembre, correspondiendo con la transición húmedo-seco (el "tiempo de gusano" según los calendarios indígenas), mientras que dengue tiene un pico de marzo a abril, coincidiendo con la transición seco-húmedo. Estudios previos mostraron una correlación positiva entre precipitación y dengue, y una correlación negativa entre precipitación y malaria. Sin embargo, como lo sugiere el conocimiento ecológico codificado en los calendarios indígenas, la predicción de enfermedades no puede reducirse a una correlación lineal con una sola variable medioambiental. Nuestros datos muestran que dos aspectos principales de los calendarios indígenas (el tiempo de friaje como un marcador crítico anual y los periodos de transición hidrológica como épocas de mayor susceptibilidad a enfermedades) están soportados por datos meteorológicos e información disponible acerca de la incidencia de malaria y dengue.(AU)

Transiciones en sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama frente al reintegro laboral: revisión integrativa / Transitions in breast cancer survivors regarding work return: integrative review

INTRODUCCIÓN: El cáncer de mama es una de las enfermedades más comunes entre las mujeres en todo el mundo. El tratamiento del cáncer de mama a menudo implica cirugía, radioterapia, quimioterapia y/o terapia hormonal, tratamientos que a largo plazo pueden generar efectos en las mujeres. Estas mujeres que han sido tratadas por cáncer de mama pueden enfrentar situaciones diversas al decidir retornar a su trabajo, debido entre otros a que pueden ser percibidas como menos productivas. OBJETIVO: Describir las transiciones que experimentan las sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama frente al reintegro laboral a través de una revisión integrativa. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: revisión integrativa de alcance descriptivo, a través de la identificación del problema, búsqueda de literatura, evaluación de datos, análisis de datos y presentación de resultados. Los términos de búsqueda utilizados fueron: "breast neoplasms" "breast cancer" "breast cancer survivor and, or y not "return to work". Las bases de datos utilizadas fueron Scielo, Pubmed, Scopus, según criterios de inclusión implementados en la búsqueda de literatura se encontraron 22 artículos que cumplieron con ello. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron temáticas que van en relación con las sobrevivientes de cáncer de mama que planean reincorporarse laboralmente, por lo general no se identifica un momento ni tiempo específico para que la sobreviviente tome la decisión de volver al trabajo después de pasar la enfermedad. CONCLUSIÓN: Es importante generar estudios donde el abordaje de los factores asociados al retorno laboral pueda ocasionar un impacto sobre la calidad de vida de la mujer sobreviviente y su relación con el retorno al trabajo, sobre todo aspectos relacionados con los efectos de los tratamientos.

INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is one of the most common diseases among women worldwide. Breast cancer treatment often involves surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and/or hormone therapy, treatments that can have long-term effects on women. These women who have been treated for breast cancer may face different situations when deciding to return to work, due to the fact that they may be perceived as less productive, among others. OBJECTIVE: To describe the transitions experienced by breast cancer survivors when faced with reemployment through an integrative review. MATERIALS AND METHODS: integrative review of descriptive scope, through the identification of the problem, literature search, data evaluation, data analysis and presentation of results. The search terms used were "breast neoplasms" "breast cancer" "breast cancer survivor and, or and not "return to work". The databases used were Scielo, Pubmed, Scopus, according to the inclusion criteria implemented in the literature search, 22 articles were found that complied with it. RESULTS: Themes that are related to breast cancer survivors who plan to return to work were identified, in general, a specific moment or time is not identified for the survivor to make the decision to return to work after passing the disease. CONCLUSION: It is important to generate studies where the approach to the factors associated with the return to work may have an impact on the quality of life of the surviving woman and its relationship with the return to work, especially aspects related to the effects of the treatments.

Processos de transição com ingresso de bebês na educação infantil: revisão bibliográfica / Transition processes when infants enroll in ECEC: literature review / Processus de transition sur l'accueil des bébés dans les institutions d'éducation de la petite enfance: revue de littérature / Procesos de transición del ingreso de bebés en la Educación Infantil: una revisión bibliográfica

Resumo Como consequência do complexo, multifacetado e contraditório processo de aquisição de direitos das mulheres trabalhadoras e das crianças, tem havido grande aumento de frequência de bebês em instituições de educação infantil. Interrogou-se, assim, como a literatura discute a transição de cuidados/educação mais centrados em contextos domiciliares para os compartilhados com a instituição. Esta revisão bibliográfica sistemática utilizou termos transição, adaptação, bebês e creche em cinco línguas e em seis bases de dados. Os resultados indicam crescimento da temática nas duas últimas décadas, com maior produção no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos. Atentando-se à complexidade do processo, autores focalizam processos e ações antes e após o ingresso nas instituições, além de mudanças de longo tempo. Discutem-se questões teóricas, relação família-instituição, papel do professor e estratégias de acolhimento.

Abstract As consequence of the complex, multifaceted, and contradictory process of acquiring the rights of working women and children, the frequency of babies in institutions of early childhood education and care has greatly increased. It was therefore questioned how literature discusses the transition from care/education more centered in the home contexts to those shared with the institution. This systematic bibliographic review used the terms transition, adaptation, babies, and daycare, in five languages and in six databases. Results indicate a growth of the theme in the last two decades, with greater production in Brazil and the Unites States. Paying attention to the complexity of the process, authors focus on processes and actions before and after enrolling in the institutions, in addition to long time changes. Theoretical issues, family-institution relationship, the teacher's role, and welcoming strategies are discussed.

Résumé En raison du processus complexe, multiforme et contradictoire d'acquisition des droits des femmes qui travaillent et des enfants, il y a eu une forte augmentation de la fréquence des bébés dans les institutions d'éducation de la petite enfance. On s'est donc interrogé sur la manière dont la littérature traite de la transition des soins/éducation plus centrés sur le domicile à ceux partagés avec l'institution. Cette revue bibliographique systématique a utilisé les termes transition, adaptation, bébés et garderie en cinq langues et en six bases de données. Les résultats indiquent une croissance du thème au cours des deux dernières décennies, avec une plus grande production au Brésil et aux États-Unis. En prêtant attention à la complexité du processus, les auteurs se concentrent sur les processus et actions avant et après leur accueil dans les institutions, en plus des changements sur une longue période. Les questions théoriques, la relation famille-institution, le rôle de l'enseignant et les stratégies d'accueil sont discutés.

Resumen Como consecuencia del complejo, multifacético y contradictorio proceso de adquisición de derechos -de las mujeres trabajadoras y los niños-, se ha producido un gran aumento en la frecuencia de bebés en las instituciones de educación infantil. Se cuestionó, por lo tanto, cómo la literatura discute la transición de acciones asistenciales/educativas más centradas en el hogar a las compartidas con la institución. Esta revisión bibliográfica sistemática utilizó los términos transición, adaptación, bebés y guardería, en cinco idiomas y seis bases de datos. Los resultados indican un crecimiento del tema en las últimas dos décadas, con mayor producción en Brasil y Estados Unidos. Considerando la complejidad del proceso, los autores se enfocan en procesos y acciones previas y luego de ingresar a las instituciones, además de un largo tiempo. Se discuten aspectos teóricos, relación familia-institución, rol del docente y estrategias para acoger el contexto.

Factors associated with transitions between frailty states among older persons in Brazil, 2006-2010 / Fatores associados às transições nos estados de fragilidade entre idosos no Brasil, 2006-2010

Abstract Background Frailty is considered one of the major conditions faced by ageing societies. Little has been reported about the transitions between the different frailty states in developing countries. Objective This study aimed to identify the factors associated with transitions between frailty states between 2006 and 2010 among older adults in Brazil. Method The present investigation is part of the SABE study (Health, Well-being and Ageing). Frailty state was classified according to the Fried's criteria (nonfrail, prefrail, and frail). The final study sample was composed of 1,399 individuals representing 1,019,243 older adults in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with changes in frailty states. Results Women were more likely to present a decline in frailty states. In the prefrail-to-nonfrail model, level of education was the most strongly associated factor. Advanced age and difficulty in performing at least one basic activity of daily living reduced in 9 and 64% the risk of becoming nonfrail, respectively. Conclusion Addressing the factors associated with transition between frailty states among older adults is essential. Adequate interventions are important to reduce vulnerability and improve the health and well-being of older persons.

Resumo Introdução A fragilidade é considerada uma das principais condições enfrentadas pelas sociedades que envelhecem. Poucos estudos têm explorado as transições entre os diferentes estados de fragilidade nos países em desenvolvimento. Objetivo Identificar os fatores associados às transições de estado de fragilidade dos idosos no Brasil no período entre 2006 e 2010. Método A presente investigação é parte do estudo SABE (Saúde, Bem-Estar e Envelhecimento). O estado de fragilidade foi classificado de acordo com os critérios da Fried (não frágil, pré-frágil e frágil). A amostra final era composta por 1.399 indivíduos que representam 1.019.243 idosos na cidade de São Paulo. Modelos de regressão logística binária múltiplo foram estimados para identificar os fatores associados às mudanças no estado de fragilidade. Resultados As mulheres eram mais propensas a declinar para o estado de fragilidade. No modelo de pré-frágil para não frágil, o nível de escolaridade foi o fator mais fortemente relacionado. Aumento na idade e dificuldade em pelo menos uma atividade básica de vida diária reduziram em 9% e 64% o risco de se tornar não frágil, respectivamente. Conclusão Abordar os fatores associados com as transições de estados de fragilidade entre idosos é essencial. Adequadas intervenções são importantes para reduzir vulnerabilidade e melhorar a saúde e bem-estar dos idosos.

A Experiência Drag Queen como Transição na Vida Adulta / The Drag Queen Experience as a Transition in Adult Life / La Experiencia Drag Queen como Transición en la Vida Adulta

A partir de reflexões teóricas impulsionadas pela Rede de Significações (RedSig) e Teorias de Gênero, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar sentidos e significados tecidos sobre a experiência como drag queen na vida adulta. A metodologia utilizada teve base em entrevistas biográficas, realizadas com cinco participantes, entre 20 e 39 anos, que têm ou já tiveram experiência como drag queens. Para a análise, foi realizada uma abordagem microgenética, correlacionando elementos da RedSig com as narrativas. Os resultados indicaram que a vida adulta não aparece como percurso linear, sendo permeada por rupturas, conflitos e negociações de sentidos e posições. A vida adulta se torna o palco no qual é possível ocupar determinados espaços de poder para colocar em prática desejos e curiosidades que, por vezes, remontam à infância. A drag queen emerge como um elemento relacionado a esse processo, atrelada a diversos sentidos e significados positivos (arte, realização, liberdade) e negativos (vergonha, preconceito, degradante). (AU)

From theoretical reflections driven by the Network of Meanings and Gender Theories, this work aims to investigate senses and meanings constructed on experience as a drag queen in adult life. The methodology used was based in biographical interviews, carried out with five participants, between 20 and 39 years of age, who have or already had experience as drag queens. For the analysis, a microgenetic approach was performed, correlating elements of the Net of Meanings with the narratives. Adulthood does not appear as a linear course, being permeated by ruptures, conflicts and negotiations of meanings and positions. Adulthood becomes the stage on which it is possible to occupy certain spaces of power to put into practice desires and curiosities that sometimes go back to childhood. The drag queen emerges as an element related to this process, tied to several positive (art, accomplishment, freedom) and negative (shame, prejudice, degrading) senses and meanings. (AU)

A partir de reflexiones teóricas estimuladas por la Red de Significaciones (RedSig) y Teorías de Género, el presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo investigar sentidos y significados construidos sobre la experiencia como drag queen en la vida adulta. La metodología utilizada tuvo como base entrevistas biográficas, realizadas con cinco personas, entre 20 y 39 años, que tienen o ya han tenido experiencia como drag queens. Para el análisis, se realizó un enfoque microgenético, correlacionando elementos de la RedSig con las narrativas. La vida adulta se convierte en el escenario en el que es posible ocupar ciertos espacios de poder para poner en práctica los deseos y curiosidades que a veces se remontan a la infancia. La drag queen surge como un elemento relacionado con este proceso, vinculado a varios sentidos y significados, positivos (arte, logro, libertad) y negativos (vergüenza, prejuicio, degradante). (AU)

Transiciones experimentadas por una persona portadora del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana / Transitions experienced by a person living with the human immunodeficiency virus

Introducción: El virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana destruye las células del sistema inmunológico, genera alteraciones en la condición de salud de quien lo contrae a nivel físico, emocional, espiritual y social. Constituye un acontecimiento que cambia la vida y debe ser analizado integralmente para desarrollar un acompañamiento terapéutico efectivo. Objetivo: Comprender las transiciones experimentadas por una persona que vive con el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana, la naturaleza de la transición, las condiciones facilitadoras e inhibidoras y los patrones de respuesta desde la teoría de las transiciones. Métodos: Investigación cualitativa con diseño de historia de vida, realizada en Armenia, Colombia durante el 2018. Se realizó entrevista a profundidad a una persona, desde los postulados de Afaf Meleis, los datos fueron categorizados y analizados mediante el software ATLAS TI versión 7. Resultados: Se logró evidenciar una transición de salud-enfermedad, con patrón múltiple simultánea y secuencial, al recibir el diagnóstico suyo y de su hijo, requiriendo ajustes en el desempeño de su rol (transición situacional- organizativa). Se identificaron conocimientos previos acerca del virus y el compromiso con el tratamiento farmacológico. Además, se evidenció el amor y la fe hacia Dios, a quien le atribuye gran parte de su recuperación junto con el acompañamiento familiar y de su grupo de apoyo. Conclusiones: Resulta importante crear un perfil individual del paciente, que conlleve a un óptimo acompañamiento desde estrategias educativas, motivacionales, participativas y colectivas para abordar la dimensión física, emocional, espiritual y social de las personas que viven con el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana(AU)

Introduction: The human immunodeficiency virus destroys the cells of the immune system, generates changes in the health condition of those who contract it on a physical, emotional, spiritual and social level; It constitutes a life-changing event and must be comprehensively analyzed to develop effective therapeutic support. Objective: Understand the transitions experienced by a person living with the human immunodeficiency virus, the nature of the transition, the facilitating and inhibiting conditions and the response patterns from the theory of transitions. Methods: Qualitative research with life history design, carried out in Armenia, Colombia during 2018. An in-depth interview was conducted to a person, from the postulates of Afaf Meleis, the data was categorized and analyzed using the ATLAS TI version 7 software. Results: It was possible to demonstrate a health-disease transition, with a simultaneous and sequential multiple pattern, upon receiving the diagnosis from her and her son, requiring adjustments in the performance of his role (situational-organizational transition); Previous knowledge about the virus and commitment to pharmacological treatment were identified. In addition, love and faith towards God was evident, to whom he attributes a large part of his recovery along with family accompaniment and his support group. Conclusions: It is important to create an individual profile of the patient, which leads to optimal support from educational, motivational, participatory and collective strategies to address the physical, emotional, spiritual and social dimension of people living with the human immunodeficiency virus(AU)

Família, escola e transição ecológica: uma revisão integrativa da literatura nacional / Family, school and ecological transition: an integrative review of national literature / Familia, escuela y transición ecológica: una revisión integradora de la literatura nacional

Este trabalho visa a apresentar uma revisão integrativa da literatura nacional referente à família, escola e transição para a escolaridade. Assim, realizouse uma busca de artigos científicos nas bases de dados Scielo e Pepsic, para mapear a produção nacional sobre o tema, entre os anos de 2006 e 2016. Mediante a combinação de palavras-chave, encontraram-se 17 artigos que discutem a relação entre família e escola e como ocorre a transição da criança pequena para o contexto escolar. A análise dos artigos evidenciou que a entrada da criança na escola tende a ser vivenciada, tanto pela família quanto pela criança, como período de estresse, pois envolve a adaptação de todos. O clima familiar positivo, permeado por práticas educativas do tipo indutivas, e a participação ativa na vida escolar das crianças possibilitam que as famílias experimentem satisfatoriamente esse momento de transição para a escolarização.

This work aims at present an integrative review of national literature concerning family, school, and transition to schooling. Thus, a search for scientific articles on Scielo and Pepsic databases was performed to map the national production on the subject between the years of 2006 and 2016. Through the combination of keywords, it was possible to find 17 articles that discuss the relationship between family, school, and how small children make the transition to the school context. The analysis of the articles highlighted that the child’s entry into school tends to be experienced as a stressful moment, both by the family and the child, as it requires adaptation from everyone involved. A positive family environment, permeated by inductive educational practices and active participation in the child’s school life, allows families to experience such transitional moments in a more satisfactory way.

Este trabajo objetiva presentar una revisión integradora de la literatura nacional referente a la familia, escuela y transición para la escolaridad. Así, se realizó una búsqueda de artículos científicos en las bases de datos Scielo y Pepsic para mapear la producción nacional sobre el tema, en los últimos diez años (2006-2016). Mediante la combinación de palabras clave se encontraron 17 artículos que discuten la relación entre familia y escuela, y también, cómo se desarrolla la transición del niño para el contexto escolar. El análisis de los artículos evidenció que la entrada del niño en la escuela tiende a ser experimentada tanto por la familia como por el niño como un período de estrés, pues implica la adaptación de todos. El clima familiar positivo permeado por las prácticas educativas inductivas y la participación activa en la vida escolar de los niños posibilitan que las familias vivan ese momento de transición para la escolarización de forma más satisfactoria.

Inventário de Crenças de Carreira e Empregabilidade / Career and Employability Beliefs Inventory / Inventario de Creencias de Carrera y Empleabilidad

O presente trabalho reporta o desenvolvimento do Inventário de Crenças de Carreira e Empregabilidade que permite avaliar crenças facilitadoras de comportamentos e atitudes adaptativos dos indivíduos face a transições de carreira. O ICEB tem 38 itens e seis escalas: Esforço/Realização, Proatividade/Iniciativa, Flexibilidade/Abertura às mudanças, Aceitação de desafios/Riscos, Otimismo e Autonomia. São apresentadas as etapas de construção e os dados referentes às características psicométricas do instrumento, com uma amostra de 395 estudantes, 206 do sexo masculino e 189 do sexo feminino, entre os 18 e os 26 anos com média etária de 21,21 anos. Os índices de consistência interna e os indicadores de validade são satisfatórios, posicionando o ICEB como um instrumento promissor, podendo fundamentar intervenções vocacionais que visem facilitar transições na carreira.(AU)

The present study reports the development of the Career and Employability Beliefs Inventory (Inventário de Crenças de Carreira e Empregabilidade - ICEB), which aims to evaluate beliefs that may correspond to the adaptive behaviors and attitudes of individuals facing career transitions. The ICEB has 38 items and 6 scales: Striving/Achievement, Proactivity/Initiative, Flexibility/Openness to change, Acceptance of challenges/Risks, Optimism, and Autonomy. We present the construction phases and report data regarding the psychometric characteristics of the instrument, studied with a sample of 395 students, 206 male and 189 female, with a mean age of 21.21 years. The internal consistency and validity indicators were satisfactory, presenting the ICEB as a promising instrument that supports the planning of vocational interventions aimed at facilitating career transitions.(AU)

El presente trabajo reporta el desarrollo del Inventario de Creencias de Carrera y Empleabilidad (ICEB) que permite evaluar creencias facilitadoras que puedan corresponder a conductas y actitudes adaptativas de los individuos frente a transiciones de carrera. El ICEB dispone de 38 ítems y 6 escalas: Esfuerzo/Realización, Proactividad /Iniciativa, Flexibilidad/Apertura a los cambios, Aceptación de retos/Riesgos, Optimismo y Autonomía. Son presentadas las etapas de construcción y los datos referentes a las características psicométricas del instrumento, estudiado con una muestra de 395 estudiantes, 206 del sexo masculino y 189 del sexo femenino, con una media de edad de 21,21 años. Los índices de consistencia interna y los indicadores de validez son satisfactorios, posicionando al ICEB como un instrumento promisorio, pudiendo fundamentar intervenciones vocacionales que busquen facilitar transiciones en la carrera.(AU)

Strengthening district healthcare in rural Africa: a cross-sectional survey assessing difficulties in pulse oximetry use and handoff practices

Background: Rural hospitals in sub-Saharan Africa suffer from numerous disparities in resources and practices, and subsequently patient care is affected.Methods: In order to assess current practices and opportunities for improvement in pulse oximetry use and patient-care handoffs, a cross-sectional survey was administered to clinicians at a referral level hospital serving a large rural area in Shinyanga, Tanzania.Results: Respondents (n=46) included nurses (50%), medical doctors (48%), and clinical officers (2%). A response rate of 92% was achieved, and 81% of clinicians acknowledged routine difficulties in the use of current devices when obtaining pulse oximetry. Although 83% of respondents reported using a written handoff at shift change, information reporting was inconsistent and rarely included specific management guidance.Conclusions: Further research is needed to elucidate handoff practices in developing settings, but there is a large opportunity for novel point-of-care devices and tools to improve both pulse oximetry use and patient care handoffs in rural Africa.

MicroRNA-133b suppresses cell proliferation and invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via downregulating TAGLN2 expression / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective@#To investigate the expression of microRNA-133b (miR-133b) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and explore its effect and the underlying molecular mechanisms on cell proliferation and invasion.@*Methods@#Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to examine miR-133b expression in 63 ESCC tissues and paired adjacent non-cancerous tissues, several ESCC cells (Eca109, EC9706, EC1, TE1, KYSE70) and normal esophageal epithelial cell Het-1A. MiR-133b mimic, inhibitor and negative control (NC) were transfected into TE1 cells. The effect of miR-133b on cell proliferation and invasion were determined by CCK-8 and Transwell assays, respectively. Subsequently, the target gene of miR-133b was predicted by online tools TargetScan and miRDB, which was verified by dual luciferase reporter assays. Finally, Western blot was utilized to detect the effects of miR-133b overexpression on expression of target gene TAGLN2 as well as EMT-related proteins E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Snail, Slug and Vimentin.@*Results@#Relative levels of miR-133b in ESCC tissues (0.295±0.040) were significantly lower than those in adjacent non-cancerous tissues (1.002±0.011, P<0.001). The expression of miR-133b was tightly associated with clinical staging, lymph node metastasis and prognosis. Moreover, relative levels of miR-133b in ESCC cells Eca109, EC9706, EC1, TE1 and KYSE70 (0.679±0.031, 0.391±0.008, 0.236±0.016, 0.031±0.005 and 0.099±0.020) were evidently lower than that in normal esophageal epithelial cell Het-1A (1.005±0.016, all P<0.001). In TE1 cells, miR-133b mimic significantly increased the level of miR-133b to 6.199±0.627, and suppressed cell proliferation and invasion, whereas miR-133b inhibitor obviously decreased its expression to 0.182±0.023, and promoted cell proliferation and invasion. Most notably, the relative luciferase activities of miR-133b-mimic group (0.320±0.018) in TE1 cells transfected with TAGLN-3′UTR-WT were markedly lower than that in NC group (1.010±0.036, P<0.001), whereas those in TAGLN-3′UTR-MUT transfection cells were 1.019±0.056 and 1.008±0.021, respectively, showing no significantly statistical difference (P>0.05). Furthermore, miR-133b overexpression markedly downregulated TAGLN2, N-cadherin, Snail, Slug and Vimentin levels, and increased E-cadherin expression.@*Conclusion@#MiR-133b plays an important role in the proliferation and invasion of ESCC cells by regulating TAGLN2 expression, and it may be a potential therapeutic target for ESCC patients.

El significado de vivir con esquizofrenia / The meaning of living with schizophrenia

La esquizofrenia como trastorno psiquiátrico es una enfermedad crónica que causa un impacto importante en la vida de las personas. Esta condición genera no sólo cambios en las capacidades organizativas y funcionales, sino que además emergen aspectos poco valorados en el plano subjetivo de las personas. Esta investigación tiene como propósito comprender el significado de vivir con esquizofrenia a partir de la experiencia de usuarios en control en un Centro de Salud Mental. Mediante la Metodología Cualitativa, se logra responder interrogantes sobre cuál es el significado de los usuarios en el desarrollo vivencial de la enfermedad. Se aplicó una entrevista en profundidad a seis usuarios en etapa de estabilización de la enfermedad, incluyendo los ejes de la Teoría de las Transiciones de la Dra. Afaf Meléis. De esta manera, se logra acceder al mundo de sus significados individuales; a través de los relatos emergen sentimientos de miedo, tristeza, soledad y rechazo, fuertemente relacionados con la falta de apoyo social y discriminación. Asimismo, el ser consciente de ser portador de una enfermedad mental es un elemento facilitador hacia el logro de un mejor nivel de satisfacción y conciencia personal, proceso fundamental para el mejoramiento de los procesos psicoterapéuticos.

Schizophrenia as a psychiatric disorder is a chronic disease that causes a major impact on people's lives. This condition generates not only changes in the organizational and functional capacities, but also emerge aspects that are not valued at the subjective level of the people. This research aims to understand the meaning of living with schizophrenia from the experience of users in control in a Mental Health Center. Through the Qualitative Methodology, it is possible to answer questions about the meaning of users in the experiential development of the disease. An in-depth interview was conducted with six users in the stage of disease stabilization, including the axes of Dr. Afaf Meléis's Theory of Transitions. In this way, one reaches the world of their individual meanings; through the stories emerge feelings of fear, sadness, loneliness and rejection, strongly related to the lack of social support and discrimination. Likewise, being aware of being a carrier of a mental illness is an element that facilitates the attainment of a better level of satisfaction and personal conscience, a fundamental process for the improvement of the psychotherapeutic processes.

Colombia: entre pactos de élites y transiciones democráticas / Colombia: between elites pactos and democratic transitions / Colombia: entre pactos de elite e transições democráticas

RESUMEN El presente artículo se propone dar cuenta, con un enfoque de carácter histórico, cualitativo y cuantitativo, de los diferentes períodos de violencia política y las instancias de construcción de paz en los que se han visto involucrados procesos políticos de negociaciones tanto entre las facciones armadas del bipartidismo como entre el Estado y la insurgencia en los diferentes períodos de posconflictos en Colombia, y de la posibilidad que representa el actual acuerdo de paz de La Habana, ya en su etapa compleja de implementación, de contener elementos suficientes que nos permitan caracterizar si lo acordado conducirá a una etapa de democratización (transición democrática) que se diferenciaría de la tradicional estrategia de recurrir a los pactos desde arriba, que ha sido la costumbre histórica entre élites en Colombia (pactos consociacionales) para contener; negociar o terminar periodos álgidos de violencia política y social. Esta posibilidad de romper con los recurrentes ciclos de periodos de violencia y posteriores periodos de posconflicto a través de pactos de élites, está presente en la pugna actual entre quienes luchan por la implementación de lo pactado y entre quienes temen un proceso de liberalización y profundización democrática desde abajo.

ABSTRACT The present article points out, with a historical, qualitative and quantitative approach, the different periods of political violence and pea-cebuilding instances in which political negotiation processes have been involved both among the armed factions of the bipartisanship as between the State and the insurgency in the different post-conflict periods in Colombia, and the possibility represented by the current Havana Peace Agreement, already in its complex stage of implementation, of containing sufficient elements that allow us to characterize whether agreed will lead to a stage of democratization (democratic transition) that would differ from the traditional strategy of resorting to pacts from above, which has been the historical custom among elites in Colombia, (consociational pacts) to contain, negotiate or end periods of high political and social violence. This possibility of breaking with the recurrent cycles of periods of violence and subsequent post-conflict periods through elite pacts is present in the current struggle between those who fight for the implementation of the agreement and among those who fear a process of liberalization and democratic deepening from below.

RESUMO O presente artigo propõe dar conta, com uma abordagem histórica, qualitativa e quantitativa, dos diferentes períodos de violência política e instâncias de construção da paz nas quais os processos de negociação política estiveram envolvidos tanto entre as facções armadas da bipartidarismo como entre o estado e a insurgência nos diferentes períodos de pós-conflito na Colômbia, ea possibilidade de que representa o acordo de paz em curso em Havana, já em seu complexo fase de implementação, para conter informações suficientes para permitir-nos para caracterizar se ele concordou em levar a uma fase de democratização (transição democrática) que diferem da estratégia tradicional de usar compactos de cima, que tem sido a prática histórica entre as elites em Colombia (pactos consociativas) para possuir, negociar ou encerrar os períodos de pico de violência político e social. Esta capacidade de quebrar os ciclos recorrentes de períodos de violência e períodos subsequentes pós-conflito através de pactos elites, está presente na luta atual entre aqueles que lutam para a implementação do acordo e aqueles que temem um processo de liberalização e aprofundamento da democracia desde abaixo.

Efectos de la estructura de las redes personales en la red sociocéntrica de una cohorte de estudiantes en transición de la enseñanza secundaria a la universidad / Effects of the Structure of Personal Networks in the Acquaintances Network of a Cohort of Students in Transition from High School to University

Resumen En este trabajo se examina la transición normativa de una cohorte de estudiantes de Enseñanza Secundaria de Alcalá de Guadaíra, que empiezan sus estudios universitarios en Sevilla. Se analiza la evolución de la red social de la cohorte de estudiantes junto con los cambios que experimentan en la composición y la estructura de sus redes personales. El seguimiento longitudinal se desarrolla a lo largo de 17 meses en los que los encuestados (n = 57) empiezan a distribuir su tiempo entre la localidad en la que residen y la ciudad en la que estudian, de modo que en su conjunto aumentan la frecuencia de los viajes de ida y vuelta a la capital. Este es uno de los primeros estudios que recoge información de las redes personales de los miembros de una red social completa, combinando ambos indicadores en los análisis. Con el modelo de simulación longitudinal de redes sociales, utilizando el software RSIENA, comprobamos que la intermediación promedio de las redes personales tiene un efecto significativo en la evolución de la red social de los estudiantes que terminan la Enseñanza Secundaria. La intermediación promedio también parece incidir en la tasa de cambio del sentido de comunidad con la ciudad de residencia. Concluimos proponiendo que el desacoplamiento de las relaciones, junto con la competencia entre relaciones múltiples activas, constituyen dos mecanismos clave de los cambios en la estructura de las redes personales en proceso de transición ecológica.

Abstract In this work the normative transition of a cohort of secondary school students from Alcalá de Guadaíra that start college education in Seville is examined. The evolution of the social network of the cohort of students together with the changes experienced in the composition and structure of their personal networks is analyzed. The longitudinal tracking is developed over 17 months when respondents (n = 57) begin to distribute their time between the town in which they live and the city where they study, so there is an increase in the frequency of commuting to the capital. This is one of the first studies collecting information from the personal networks of the members of a complete social network, and combining both personal and sociocentric indicators in the analysis. With models for the longitudinal analysis of social networks, using the RSIENA software, we found that average betweenness of personal networks has a significant effect on the social network of students completing secondary education. The average betweenness also seems to influence the change rate in the sense of community with the city of residence. We conclude by proposing that the decoupling of relations, as well as active competition between multiple relationships, are two key mechanisms of changes in the structure of personal networks in the process of ecological transition.

Thermoresponsive and Biodegradable Amphiphilic Block Copolymers with Pendant Functional Groups

BACKGROUND: To develop the biodegradability and thermoresponsive hydrogel, in this work we designed a pendant-functionalized, thermoresponsive, amphiphilic block copolymer. METHODS: Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG)-b-[poly(ε-caprolactone)-ran-poly(ε-caprolactone-3-one)-ran-polylactic acid] (MCL) and (MPEG-b-[PCL-ran-POD-ran-PLA]) [MCL-(CO)] block copolymers were prepared by ringopening polymerization of ε-caprolactone, OD and lactide monomers. The subsequent derivatization of MCL-(CO) provided MPEG-b-[PCL-ran-poly(ε-caprolactone-3-COOH)-ran-PLA] [MCL-(COOH)] with COOH pendant groups and MPEG-b-[PCL-ran-poly(ε-caprolactone-3-NH2)-ran-PLA] [MCL-(NH2)] with NH2 pendant groups. RESULTS: The measured segment ratios of MCL-(CO), MCL-(COOH), and MCL-(NH2) agreed well with the target ratios. The abundances of the COOH and NH2 groups in the MCL-(COOH) and MCL-(NH2) copolymers were determined by 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and agreed well with the target abundances. MCL-(CO), MCL-(COOH), and MCL-(NH2) formed homogeneous, white, opaque emulsions at room temperature. Rheological analysis of the block copolymer suspensions indicated a solution-to-hydrogel phase transition as a function of temperature. The solution-to-hydrogel phase transitions and the biodegradation of MCL-(CO), MCL-(COOH), and MCL-(NH2) were affected by varying the type (ketone, COOH, or NH2) and abundance of the pendant groups. CONCLUSION: MCL-(CO), MCL-(COOH), and MCL-(NH2) with ketone, COOH, and NH2 pendant groups showed solution-to-hydrogel phase transitions and biodegradation behaviors that depended on both the type and number of pendant groups.

La tormenta perfecta: Ideología de género y articulación de públicos / A tormenta perfeita: Ideologia de gênero e articulação de públicos / The perfect storm: Gender ideology and publics articulation

Resumen Este artículo explora tres interpretaciones del debate sobre ideología de género en Colombia a fines de 2016: como estrategia política, como recurso retórico y expresivo, y como resistencia al cambio en las relaciones de género y sexualidad en la sociedad colombiana. Si bien las tres interpretaciones explican, cada una a su manera, lo sucedido, no obstante, son insuficientes. Se argumenta, entonces, que el uso de la noción "ideología de género" no solo facilitó la emergencia de nuevos sujetos políticos, sino también la revitalización de sectores ya consolidados políticamente. En este sentido, la ideología de género posibilitó la articulación de sectores sociales disímiles mediante la estructuración de un sentido colectivo en un momento coyuntural del país, en el cual se negociaba un nuevo pacto social.

Resumo Este artigo explora três interpretações do debate sobre ideologia de gênero na Colômbia em fins de 2016: como estratégia política, como recurso retórico e expressivo, e como resistência à mudança nas relações de gênero e sexualidade na sociedade colombiana. Embora as três interpretações expliquem, cada uma à sua maneira, o acontecido, não obstante, são insuficientes. Argumenta-se, então, que o uso da noção "ideologia de gênero" não só facilitou a emergência de novos sujeitos políticos, mas também a revitalização de setores já consolidados politicamente. Neste sentido, a ideologia de gênero possibilitou a articulação de setores sociais dissímeis mediante a estruturação de um sentido coletivo em um momento conjuntural do país, no qual se negociava um novo pacto social.

Abstract This article discusses three possible explanations of the irruption of gender ideology in public debates in Colombia in 2016, using existing literature. First, as a political strategy; second, as rhetoric and expression; third, as reaction against and resistance to change in gender and sexual orders. These interpretations are relevant but insufficient. It is argued that gender ideology not only contributed to public presence and revitalisation of already existing political actors. It also instructed a broader public, creating consensus around issues under discussion in Colombia at that time. Even more, gender ideology articulated disparate social sectors under a common sense when Colombia was negotiating a new social pact. Gender ideology has a formative dimension.

Inhibitory effect of SB431542 on paraquat-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in A549 cells / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of transforming growth factor β1( TGF-β1) type Ⅰ receptor kinase inhibitor SB431542 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition( EMT) induced by paraquat in type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells A549. METHODS: A549 cells were randomly divided into control group,paraquat group and TGF-β1 blockade group,with3 samples in each group. The cells in the control group were cultured without any treatment,cells in paraquat group were stimulated by paraquat of a final concentration of 20 μmol/L,cells in TGF-β1 blockade group were treated with paraquat with a final concentration of 20 μmol/L and SB431542 with a final concentration of 20 μg/L. After 5 days,cultured cells were harvested and observed for morphologic and phenotypic characteristics using inverted phase contrast microscope and scanning electron microscope. Cell migration was assayed by Transwell chamber. The expression of target protein was detected by Western blot. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the TGF-β1 levels. RESULTS: Under inverted phase contrast microscope and scanning electron microscope,A549 cells in control group grew normally,cells in paraquat group changed from epithelial morphology to mesenchymal morphology,cells in TGF-β1 blockade group reversed to epithelial cell morphology. The results of cell migration showed that the number of cells in the paraquat group passed through the membrane was higher than that in the control group and TGF-β1 blockade group( P < 0. 05). The relative expression of E-cadherin and zonula occluden-1 in paraquat group was decreased( P < 0. 05),while the relative expression of vimentin,α-smooth muscle actin,type I collagen,the phosphorylation Smad and Mad related protein( p-Smad) 2 and p-Smad3 was elevated( P < 0. 05),compared to control group and TGF-β1 blockade group. The levels of total TGF-β1 and active TGF-β1 increased in paraquat group than that in control group( P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION: Paraquat induced EMT in A549 cells by activating TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway. Early treatment with SB431542 can inhibit paraquatinduced EMT by blocking TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway.

Aspiraciones y proyectos de futuro de jóvenes estudiantes secundarios en chile: el soporte familiar y su influencia en las decisiones educativo-laborales / Projects and future aspirations of young high school students in chile: support from family and its influence on the educational and employment decisions / Aspirações e projetos de futuro de jovens estudantes secundaristas no chile: o suporte familiar e sua influência nas decisões sobre educação e trabalho

RESUMEN: Este artículo analiza las aspiraciones y los proyectos educativos postsecundarios de jóvenes estudiantes chilenos, considerando el rol y la incidencia del soporte familiar en este proceso. Las aspiraciones de cursar estudios superiores es una realidad extendida entre los jóvenes, aunque es posible identificar racionalidades diversas asociadas a las opciones formativas y los itinerarios previstos para alcanzar estos objetivos. El entorno familiar juega un rol importante en la construcción del proyecto personal de los estudiantes, existiendo una alta valoración del soporte que estos brindan para el logro de las metas educacionales. Con todo, la experiencia varía en relación a las características de este apoyo para la toma de decisiones individuales, como también en las estrategias de presión o exigencias para el cumplimiento de obligaciones y objetivos en la educación superior, evidenciándose diferencias importantes de acuerdo al nivel socioeconómico de las familias.

RESUMO: Este artigo analisa as aspirações e os projetos educativos pós-ensino médio de jovens estudantes chilenos, considerando o papel e a incidência do suporte familiar nesse processo. O desejo de cursar o ensino superior é uma realidade presente entre os jovens, ainda que seja possível identificar diversas lógicas associadas às opções formativas e aos itinerários previstos para alcançar esse objetivo. O entorno familiar tem um papel importante na construção do projeto pessoal dos estudantes, havendo uma grande valorização do apoio existente para se conquistar as metas educacionais. Contudo, a experiência varia em relação às características de tal apoio para a tomada de decisões individuais, como também em relação às estratégias de pressão ou exigências para o cumprimento de obrigações e objetivos na educação superior, evidenciando-se, assim, diferenças importantes de acordo com o nível socioeconômico das famílias.

ABSTRACT: This article analyzes the aspirations and post -secondary educational projects of Chilean students, considering the role and impact of family support in this process. The aspirations of continuing higher education is a widespread reality among young people, although it is possible to identify various rationalities associated with education options and itineraries foreseen to achieve these objectives. The family environment plays an important role in building the personal project of students, demonstrating a high evaluation of family support for achieving educational goals. However, experience varies in relation to the characteristics of such support for individual decision and the pressure strategies or requirements for the achievement of obligations in higher education, showing significant differences according to socio-economic level of the families.

Overexpression of Oct4B1 induces epithelial mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer SW480 cells / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To investigate whether the overexpression of Oct4B1 gene induces epithelial mesenchymal transition in human colorectal cancer SW480 cells and its possible mechanism.Methods: Experimental group(SW480-Oct4B1):Transfection of SW480 cell lines in colorectal cancer with Oct4B1 overexpression plasmid;Control group(SW480-Oct4B1):negative control plasmid with G418 resistance.Stably transfected cell lines were obtained by G418 culture medium.The two groups were compared with:①Detection of Oct4B1 gene expression in stably transfected cell lines by RT-qPCR;②Scratches and Transwell assays were used to estimate migration and invasion;③Detection of EMT related markers E-cadherin,N-cadherin and Vimentin protein expression by Western blot assay;④Detection of Twist gene and protein expression by RT-PCR and Western blot assays.Results: The transient transfection was confirmed by RT-qPCR and the stable transfected cell lines were obtained from two groups of cells transfected with G418 culture medium.Compared with the control group:①RT-qPCR revealed increased expression of Oct4B1 gene in the experimental group(P<0.01);②Cell migration and invasion were significantly increased(P<0.01);③Epithelial marker:the expression of E-cadherin protein was significantly decreased (P<0.01),interstitial marker:the expression of N-cadherin and Vimentin protein was significantly increased (P<0.01);④Twist mRNA and protein expression were significantly increased(P<0.01).Conclusion: Overexpression of Oct4B1 gene can induce epithelial mesenchymal transition in human colorectal cancer SW480 cells,its molecular mechanism may be related to the promotion of Twist expression.

Effect of neural cell adhesion moleculeon adhesion, migration and morphology of mouse BMSCs / 基础医学与临床

Objective To explore the effect of neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) on adhesion,migration and morphology of mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs).Methods We isolated and cultured BMSCs from wild-type and NCAM gene knockout mice.The expression of NCAM was detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence.Wound healing and adhesion assays were used to detect cell migration and adhesion ability respectively.The morphological changes were observed and the expressings of protein β1 integrin,E-cadherin,β-catenin and N-cadherin were analysed by Western blot.Results The migration and adhesion of BMSCs were significantly reduced after NCAM gene knockout.Meanwhile,the expression of β1 integrin was lower than those in wild-type BMSCs (P<0.01).The morphology of NCAM gene knockout BMSCs changed from irregular to flattened,and expressed epithelial identification marker E-cadherin and β-catenin (P<0.05).However,the expression level of mesenchymal identification marker N-cadherin was decreased (P<0.01).Conclusions NCAM is involved in adhesion and migration of BMSCs via regulating the expression of β1 integrin.Furthermore,NCAMmay negatively regulate the mesenchymal-epithelial transitions of BMSCs.

Netropsin inhibits invasion and migration ability of gastric cancer cells / 基础医学与临床

Objective To investigate the effect of netropsin on migration and invasion ability of gastric cancer cells and its mechanisms.Methods To determine if netropsin inhibits migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells, Transwell migration and invasion assay was performed.Then Western blot was performed to detect expression of E-cadherin and vimentin in gastric cancer cells with or without presence in medium netropsin.Finally, immunofluorescence was performed to detect changes in the cellular localization of β-catenin to validate whether Wnt/β-catenin pathway was suppressed or not.Results Netropsin with the concentration of 25 μmol/L had minimal inhibition effect on cell proliferation and was able to suppress ability of migration and invasion by inhibiting EMT in gastric cancer cells(P<0.05).Meanwhile netropsin was able to down-regulate the expression of epithelial markers E-cadherin and up-regulate the expression of mesenchymal marker vimentin.Finally,immunofluorescence showed that netropsin was able to block translocation of β-catenin from cytoplasm to nuclear.Conclusions Netropsin can inhibit EMT thereby suppressing migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells.The mechanism is that netropsin can compete with HMGA2 for transcription factor binding site thereby suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.