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1.
Rev. Méd. Clín. Condes ; 32(1): 105-111, ene.-feb. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1412960

ABSTRACT

ANTECEDENTES: La pandemia global de COVID-19 llega al continente americano en marzo del año 2020 y en menos de dos meses reúne a más de la mitad de los casos a nivel global. OBJETIVO: Caso clínico de una mujer embarazada con una presentación crítica de COVID-19 y embarazo a las 25 semanas de gestación, en el contexto del peak de la pandemia en Chile en el otoño del año 2020. CASO CLÍNICO: El 20 de junio de 2020, una mujer de 34 años, con 25 semanas de embarazo, es trasladada desde Hospital de San Bernardo a Clínica Las Condes en Santiago, Chile, con un cuadro de 10 días de evolución de COVID-19, que evoluciona a una situación crítica con insuficiencia respiratoria severa. Ingresa a unidad de cuidados intensivos para ventilación mecánica. Las imágenes de radiología simple y de tomografía axial computarizada de tórax demuestran una neumopatía bilateral con imágenes características opacidades en vidrio esmerilado, asociado a engrosamiento intersticial, imágenes descritas previamente como características para COVID-19. La paciente permanece en unidad de cuidados intensivos en ventilación mecánica por siete días, con evolución favorable posterior, mejoría del cuadro séptico y alta después de 22 días de hospitalización. El parto ocurre en forma espontánea a las 38 semanas, la madre y el recién nacido evolucionan en buen estado general. El examen histopatológico placentario demuestra compromiso inflamatorio vellositario y los exámenes de anticuerpos en sangre del recién nacido demuestran la presencia de anticuerpos del tipo IgG e IgM. Se trata de uno de los pocos casos demostrados reportados de transmisión transplacentaria vía sanguínea de SARS-CoV-2 de la madre al recién nacido.


BACKGROUND: The global COVID-19 pandemic reaches the American continent in March 2020 and in less than two months it brings together more than half of the cases globally.OBJECTIVE: The clinical case of a 25-week pregnant woman with a critical presentation of COVID-19 and pregnancy at 25 weeks of gestation, is presented in the context of the peak of the pandemic in Chile in the fall of 2020. CLINICAL CASE: On June 20, 2020, a 34-year-old woman, 25 weeks pregnant, is transferred from Hospital de San Bernardo to Clinica Las Condes in Santiago, Chile, with a ten-day evolution of a COVID-19 that evolves to critical with severe respiratory failure. She is admitted to the intensive care unit for mechanical ventilation. Chest computerized axial tomography images demonstrate bilateral pneumopathy with characteristic images of ground-glass opacities, associated with interstitial thickening, images previously described as characteristics for COVID-19. The patient remains in the intensive care unit on mechanical ventilation for seven days, with subsequent favorable evolution, improvement of the septic condition, and discharge after 22 days of hospitalization. Delivery occurs at 38 weeks, the mother and the newborn evolve in good general condition. The placental histopathological examination demonstrates villous inflammatory involvement, and the newborn's blood tests show the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies. It is one of the few reported cases of transplacental transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from the mother to the newborn.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Adult , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , COVID-19/complications , COVID-19/transmission , Placenta Diseases/etiology , Respiration, Artificial , COVID-19/diagnosis , COVID-19/therapy
2.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 37(9): 921-925, Sept. 2017. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-895522

ABSTRACT

Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are causative agents of abortion in sheep and goats. Thus, the present study aimed to describe the transplacental transmission of these protozoans in small ruminants of northeastern Brazil. Seventeen fetuses (6 goats and 11 sheep) from farms with history of abortion were necropsied and samples were collected from different tissues (brain, liver, lung, kidney and heart). The samples were analyzed by PCR, histopathology (HP) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to evaluate whether T. gondii and/or N. caninum infection were the cause of abortion. None of the samples was positive for T. gondii according to PCR and IHC results. Some brain, liver, lung, kidney and heart samples of goat fetuses were positive for N. caninum by PCR. In the histopathology, mild mononuclear infiltration and necrosis with calcification were observed in the liver and brain of one goat fetus, respectively, that also was positive for N. caninum by PCR and IHC. The results confirmed vertical transmission of N. caninum in naturally infected goats of northeastern, Brazil.(AU)


Toxoplasma gondii e Neospora caninum são reconhecidos como protozoário causadores de aborto em ovinos e caprinos. Desta forma, objetivou-se descrever a transmissão transplacentária desses agentes em pequenos ruminantes na região Nordeste do Brasil. Foram examinados seis fetos caprinos e onze fetos ovinos, totalizando 78 amostras de diferentes tecidos (cérebro, fígado, pulmão, rim e coração) provenientes de propriedades rurais com histórico de aborto. As amostras foram analisadas por Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR), Histopatologia (HP) e Imunohistoquímica (IHQ), com a finalidade de associar o abortamento a T. gondii e/ou N. caninum. Nenhuma amostra foi positiva na PCR e IHQ para T. gondii. Algumas amostras de cérebro, fígado, pulmão, rim e coração de fetos de caprinos e ovinos foram positivas na PCR para N. caninum. Na histopatologia foi observado leve infiltrado mononuclear no fígado e necrose com calcificação no SNC de um caprino, associada à imunomarcação positiva para N. caninum na IHQ e PCR positiva. Os resultados confirmam a transmissão vertical de N. caninum em caprinos naturalmente infectados na região nordeste do Brasil.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Placenta/microbiology , Ruminants/virology , Sheep/virology , Coccidiosis/transmission , Neospora , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/veterinary , Aborted Fetus/pathology , Polymerase Chain Reaction/veterinary , Abortion, Veterinary/etiology
3.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 111(5): 287-293, May 2016. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-782050

ABSTRACT

An unusually high incidence of microcephaly in newborns has recently been observed in Brazil. There is a temporal association between the increase in cases of microcephaly and the Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic. Viral RNA has been detected in amniotic fluid samples, placental tissues and newborn and fetal brain tissues. However, much remains to be determined concerning the association between ZIKV infection and fetal malformations. In this study, we provide evidence of the transplacental transmission of ZIKV through the detection of viral proteins and viral RNA in placental tissue samples from expectant mothers infected at different stages of gestation. We observed chronic placentitis (TORCH type) with viral protein detection by immunohistochemistry in Hofbauer cells and some histiocytes in the intervillous spaces. We also demonstrated the neurotropism of the virus via the detection of viral proteins in glial cells and in some endothelial cells and the observation of scattered foci of microcalcifications in the brain tissues. Lesions were mainly located in the white matter. ZIKV RNA was also detected in these tissues by real-time-polymerase chain reaction. We believe that these findings will contribute to the body of knowledge of the mechanisms of ZIKV transmission, interactions between the virus and host cells and viral tropism.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Adult , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Microcephaly/virology , Viral Tropism/physiology , Zika Virus Infection/congenital , Zika Virus/physiology , Amniotic Fluid/virology , Brain/embryology , Brain/virology , Immunohistochemistry , Infant, Newborn , Placenta/virology , Pregnancy , RNA, Viral/analysis
4.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 22(2): 189-193, Apr.-June 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: lil-679425

ABSTRACT

In this study, we have investigated the incidence of transplacental transmission of Anaplasma marginale in chronically infected cows with no history of acute anaplasmosis during gestation. In addition, we evaluated various techniques for detection of transplacental transmission of A. marginale. Blood samples were collected from 30 cows at three different periods: at the time of artificial insemination, at gestational diagnosis, and after calving. Also, blood was collected from the newborn calves, including one sample before colostrum intake, and another three days after birth. A. marginale-specific antibodies were detected in 100% of the cows with an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), and in 97% of them, using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Also, we observed that all of the three-day-old newborn calves were seropositive by IFAT. According to polymerase chain reaction, 63.3% of the cows were carriers of A. marginale, as well as 6.7% of the newborn calves. This represented a transplacental transmission rate of 10.5%. Furthermore, a correlation of 93.3% was observed between the two serodiagnostic techniques, demonstrating that both ELISA and IFAT can be used in epidemiological surveys of A. marginale. These results confirm the occurrence of transplacental transmission of A. marginale in chronically infected cows and suggest the importance of this transmission route in areas of enzootic instability.


O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a transmissão transplacentária de A. marginale em bovinos de corte cronicamente infectados utilizando diferentes testes de diagnóstico. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas de trinta matrizes durante o período de inseminação artificial, no diagnóstico de gestação e após o parto. Foi colhido sangue dos bezerros antes da ingestão do colostro e três dias após o nascimento. Anticorpos foram detectados em 100% das matrizes pela Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI) e 97% pelo Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimático Indireto (ELISA). Aos três dias de idade 100% dos bezerros estavam soropositivos na RIFI. Conforme os resultados da PCR, 63.3% das matrizes e 6.7% dos bezerros eram portadores do agente, representando taxa de transmissão transplacentária de 10.5%. Correlação de 93.3% foi observada entre os resultados das técnicas sorológicas, demonstrando que tanto ELISA quanto RIFI podem ser utilizadas em levantamentos epidemiológicos do agente. Os resultados confirmaram a transmissão transplacentária do agente em vacas cronicamente infectadas. Isto demonstra a importãncia desta via de transmissão do A. marginale em áreas de instabilidade enzoótica.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Cattle , Anaplasma marginale , Anaplasmosis/epidemiology , Anaplasmosis/transmission , Cattle Diseases/epidemiology , Cattle Diseases/transmission , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/statistics & numerical data , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/veterinary , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Anaplasmosis/diagnosis , Brazil/epidemiology , Cattle Diseases/diagnosis , Chronic Disease , Incidence
5.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 21(3): 232-236, July-Sept. 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-653710

ABSTRACT

In this study, transplacental transmission of Neospora caninum in bitches at different stages of pregnancy was evaluated. Three bitches were inoculated in the 3rd week and three in the 6th week of gestation with 10(8) tachyzoites of N. caninum (Nc-1 strain). All the infected bitches and at least one of their offspring presented anti-N. caninum antibodies according to the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT > 400). The pups and their mothers were sacrificed and tissues from the central nervous system (CNS), popliteal lymph nodes, skeletal muscle, brain, lungs, heart and liver were analyzed for the presence of N. caninum using the nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). The parasite was found in the pups in lymph node, CNS, heart and liver tissues using nested PCR. There was no difference in perinatal mortality between the offspring from bitches infected in the 3rd week of gestation (60%) and in the 6th week (53.8%).


Neste estudo a transmissão transplacentária de Neospora caninum foi avaliada em fêmeas em diferentes estágios de gestação. Três cadelas foram inoculadas na 3ª semana e três na 6ª semana de gestação com 10(8) taquizoítos de N. caninum (cepa Nc-1). Todas as cadelas infectadas, e pelo menos um de seus filhotes, apresentaram anticorpos anti-N. caninum por imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI > 400). Os filhotes e suas mães foram sacrificados e tecidos de sistema nervoso central (SNC), linfonodo poplíteo, músculo esquelético, cérebro, pulmões, coração e fígado foram analisados para a presença de N. caninum pela reação em cadeia da polimerase (nested PCR), polimorfismo de comprimento de fragmentos de restrição (RFLP) e imunoistoquímica (IHQ). O parasita foi encontrado em filhotes em linfonodo, SNC, coração e fígado pela nested PCR. Mortalidade perinatal não apresentou diferença entre os filhotes das cadelas infectadas na 3ª semana (60%) ou na 6ª semana de gestação (53,8%).


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Female , Pregnancy , Coccidiosis/veterinary , Dog Diseases/parasitology , Neospora , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/veterinary , Coccidiosis/parasitology , Coccidiosis/transmission , Maternal-Fetal Exchange
6.
Biosci. j. (Online) ; 27(1): 112-115, jan./fev. 2011.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-911751

ABSTRACT

A cinomose canina é uma doença sistêmica contagiosa com alta taxa de morbidade e mortalidade em cães, causada por um Morbillivírus, da família Paramyxoviridae. Animais infectados frequentemente desenvolvem manifestações neurológicas. O principal meio de transmissão é por aerossolização do exsudato respiratório contendo o microrganismo, porém a infecção transplacentária tem sido documentada em cães domésticos. A presença de corpúsculos de Lentz intracitoplasmático em leucócitos é encontrada na fase de viremia da doença. Esta inclusão é considerada uma ferramenta de diagnóstico precoce da cinomose. Foi encaminhado ao Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia um cão com 10 dias de idade, macho, branco, sem raça definida e pesando 500 gramas. O cão apresentava convulsões de 20 em 20 minutos. No hemograma, ao realizar a contagem diferencial de leucócitos, constatou-se a inclusão de Lentz. A presença do corpúsculo intracitoplasmático caracteriza uma alta viremia para um animal de dez dias de idade. Pode-se afirmar também que houve infecção transplacentária devido ao período de incubação do vírus da cinomose canina ser de sete dias, e o animal apresentar pouca idade.


The canine distemper is a systemic infectious disease with high mortality rate in dogs caused by a Morbillivirus. Affected animals often develop nervous manifestations. The main of transmission is by aerosolization of respiratory exudate containing the microorganism, but transplacental infection has been documented in domestic dogs. The presence of intracytoplasmic Lentz bodies in leukocytes is found in the viremia phase of the disease. This inclusion is considered a tool for early diagnosis of distemper. It was routed at the Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Uberlândia a 10-day-old puppy, male, mixed breed and weighed 500 grams. It presented seizures of 20 to 20 minutes. At the hemogram, it was found intracytoplasmic Lentz body. The animal with only 10-day-old, reports a high viremia by the presence of intracytoplasmic corpuscle. Therefore, occurred a transplacental infection due to the incubation period of canine distemper virus is seven days, and the animal presents a young age.


Subject(s)
Dogs , Communicable Diseases/transmission , Disease Transmission, Infectious , Distemper , Dogs , Infections/transmission
7.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 30(8): 641-645, ago. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-559897

ABSTRACT

Os protozoários Neospora caninum e N. hughesi infectam os equinos e podem provocar diferentes sinais clínicos associados a problemas reprodutivos ou a distúrbios neurológicos, respectivamente. A patogenia da neosporose é pouco conhecida nos equinos, bem como as fontes de infecção horizontal de N. hughesi. Além disso, há dúvidas quanto ao papel da transmissão vertical de Neospora spp. na sua manutenção em populações equinas. Neste estudo avaliaram-se: (1) a ocorrência da infecção por Neospora spp. na população de éguas em idade reprodutiva em um haras de cavalos da raça Crioula; e (2) a possível associação entre o status sorológico destas éguas com o de suas crias, como meio de investigar, indiretamente, a relevância da transmissão transplacentária na ocorrência da infecção por Neospora spp. nestes animais. A associação entre o status sorológico das éguas e o de suas crias foi altamente significativa. Os animais descendentes de éguas soropositivas tiveram maior ocorrência de anticorpos anti-Neospora spp. do que os descendentes de éguas soronegativas, embora expostos aos mesmos fatores de risco ambientais. A associação entre parentesco em primeiro grau e status sorológico indica a influência da infecção vertical (transplacentária) na ocorrência de Neospora spp. na população equina estudada.


Neospora caninum and N. hughesi are protozoa which can infect horses and can cause reproductive and neurological diseases, respectively. The pathogenesis of neosporosis in horses is poorly understood, as well as the sources of horizontal infection of N. hughesi. Furthermore, there are doubts about the role of the vertical transmission of Neospora spp. in maintenance of these parasites in equine populations. In this study, we evaluated: (1) the occurrence of infections by Neospora spp. in a population of mares (in reproductive age) on a farm of Crioula breed horses; and (2) the possible association between the serological status of mares and of their offspring, aiming to investigate, indirectly, the relevance of transplacental transmission for the occurrence of Neospora spp. in these horses. We found a highly significant association between the serological status of mares and their offspring. Although had been exposed to the same environmental risk factors, the descendants of seropositive mares had a higher percentage of seropositivity against Neospora spp. compared to the descendants of seronegative mares. The association between kinship and serological status indicates an influence of vertical (transplacental) infection raising the occurrence of Neospora spp. in the studied equine population.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Pregnancy , Antibodies, Protozoan/adverse effects , Diagnosis/analysis , Protozoan Infections/immunology , Protozoan Infections/pathology , Protozoan Infections/transmission , Reproduction/immunology , Serologic Tests/methods , Serologic Tests/veterinary , Maternal-Fetal Relations , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/veterinary
8.
Rev. cient. (Maracaibo) ; 20(4): 377-382, jul. 2010. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-631083

ABSTRACT

Se detecta la presencia de Anaplasma marginale en becerros hijos de vacas con infección asintomática. Ensayos de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) llevados a cabo en muestras de sangre de 31 vacas lactantes, en aparente buen estado físico y sus respectivas crías, revelaron la presencia de ADN específico de A. marginale en el 70 y 40%, respectivamente. La detección de parte del genoma de A. marginale en becerros recién nacidos, hijos de vacas asintomáticas PCR positivas, sugiere la transmisión de la infección madre-hijo por vía transplacentaria. Se discute las implicaciones epizootiológicas de la infección por A. marginale en animales asintomáticos y se advierte sobre la potencialidad de esta forma de transmisión en el mantenimiento del ciclo de este organismo. Se concluye que la transmisión por vía transplacentaria podría ser un evento de frecuente ocurrencia en el área de estudio y se sugiere la utilización de técnicas producto de la nueva biotecnología como la PCR para incrementar la especificidad en el diagnóstico.

9.
Journal of the Korean Pediatric Society ; : 190-196, 1991.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-106597

ABSTRACT

No abstract available.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Hepatitis B virus , Hepatitis B , Hepatitis
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