Qualidade do sono, estresse e qualidade de vida em motoristas profissionais / Quality of sleep, stress and quality of life in professional drivers / Calidad del sueño, estrés y calidad de vida en motoristas profesionales

O sono e o estresse podem influenciar a qualidade de vida de profissionais que atuam em contextos laborais, que oferecem riscos de violências, tais como o trânsito. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a qualidade do sono, o estresse e a qualidade de vida de motoristas profissionais das cidades brasileiras de Petrolina (PE) e Juazeiro (BA). Os participantes (317, 99,1% do sexo masculino), cuja idade variou entre 21 e 65 anos, responderam a Escala de Sonolência Epworth, o Índice de Pittsburgh, o Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos, o WHOQOL-BREF e um questionário estruturado. Os resultados indicaram que a maioria dos motoristas tem boa qualidade de vida e que a sonolência diurna excessiva e a qualidade ruim de sono ocorreram em taxas menores que aquelas observadas em estudos internacionais. Já o estresse apresentou prevalência similar à de outros estudos na área. Ademais, melhor qualidade de vida e boa qualidade do sono se associaram, enquanto o sono ruim se associou à presença de estresse na fase de resistência. Os resultados apontam, ainda, para o impacto que as variáveis aqui investigadas têm sobre a atividade laboral desses motoristas e para a necessidade de ações de intervenção em seu contexto de trabalho, tendo em vista que esses profissionais lidam cotidianamente com o transporte de pessoas, em meio à realidade tão violenta do trânsito brasileiro.(AU)

Sleep and stress can influence people's quality of life of professionals working in labour contexts, which, in turn, involve risk of violence, such as traffic. This study aimed to evaluate quality of sleep, stress and quality of life of professional drivers of the Brazilian municipalities of Petrolina (state of Pernambuco) and Juazeiro (state of Bahia). The participants (317, and 99.1% male), aged between 21 and 65 years, answered the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, the Pittsburgh Index, the Stress Symptom Inventory for Adults, the WHOQOL-BREF, and a structured questionnaire. The results indicate that most drivers have a good quality of life, and that excessive daytime sleepiness and poor sleep quality were present at lower rates than those observed in international studies, whereas stress had a prevalence similar to other studies in the field. Furthermore, better quality of life and good quality of sleep were associated, whereas poor sleep was associated with the presence of stress in the resistance phase. Results also point to the impact that the variables investigated here have on the work activity of these drivers and the need for intervention actions in their work context, considering that these professionals transport people every day amid the violent reality of Brazilian traffic.(AU)

La calidad del sueño y el estrés pueden influir en la calidad de vida de los profesionales que trabajan en contextos de riesgo y violencia, como el tránsito. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la calidad del sueño, la calidad de vida y el estrés en conductores profesionales de las ciudades brasileñas de Petrolina (en el estado de Pernambuco) y Juazeiro (en el estado de Bahía). Los participantes (317, el 99,1% del sexo masculino), con edades comprendidas entre 21 y 65 años, respondieron la Escala de Somnolencia de Epworth, el Índice de Pittsburgh, el Inventario de Síntomas de Estrés para Adultos, el WHOQOL-BREF y un cuestionario estructurado. Los resultados indican que la mayoría de los conductores tienen una buena calidad de vida y que la somnolencia diurna excesiva y la mala calidad del sueño se presentaron a tasas más bajas que las observadas en estudios internacionales. Por otro lado, el estrés tuvo una prevalencia similar a la de otros estudios en el campo. Además, se asociaron una mejor calidad de vida y una buena calidad del sueño, mientras que el mal sueño se asoció con la presencia de estrés en la fase de resistencia. Los resultados apuntan al impacto que las variables investigadas tienen sobre la actividad laboral de estos conductores y a la necesidad de acciones de intervención en su contexto laboral, considerando que estos profesionales transportan a personas todos los días en medio de la realidad violenta del tránsito brasileño.(AU)

"Tudo é trabalho": representações sociais de gestores de transportes sobre o trabalho intensificado / "All is work": Social representations of transports managers about intensified work

O objetivo do artigo é apresentar os resultados e análises oriundos de uma pesquisa qualitativa que buscou compreender as representações sociais (RSs) de gestores de logística sobre o trabalho intensificado. Foram realizadas dez entrevistas semiestruturadas com gestores que atuavam na área de transportes, em empresas privadas de grande porte. Os resultados apontaram que os gestores vivenciavam uma condição laboral intensificada, caracterizada pelo elevado ritmo e pela extensão da jornada, dentro e fora do local de trabalho. Os entrevistados revelaram a existência de consequências paradoxais do trabalho intensificado: por um lado, ele causava problemas na saúde, invadia o espaço privado e trazia dificuldades para a conciliação das diversas esferas da vida; por outro, suportar e aceitar as condições de trabalho intensificadas aumentava as chances de crescimento profissional e diminuía os riscos de perder o emprego. Quanto às causas do trabalho intensificado, os gestores tenderam a atribuir ao sujeito a responsabilidade pela intensificação laboral. Tendo em vista conteúdos de caráter ideológico que formam o pano de fundo para a construção das representações sociais, identificamos que as RSs dos gestores ancoravam-se na ideologia gerencial, que naturaliza as condições de trabalho intensificadas.

The objective of the article is to present the results and analyzes from a qualitative research that sought to understand the social representations (SRs) of logistics managers about intensified work. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers who worked in the transport area, in large private companies. The results showed that the managers experienced an intensified work condition, characterized by the high pace and length of the journey, both inside and outside the workplace. The interviewees revealed the paradoxical consequences of intensified work: on the one hand it caused health problems, invaded the private space and led to difficulties in reconciling different spheres of life; on the other hand, supporting and accepting intensified working conditions increased the chances of professional growth and reduced the risk of losing their jobs. As for the causes of the intensified work, the managers tended to attribute to themselves the responsibility for the work intensification. Given the ideological contents that form the background for the construction of social representations, we identified that the manager's SRs are anchored in managerial ideology, which naturalizes intensified working conditions.

Advance in resistance mechanism of cancer stem cells therapy / 药学实践杂志

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide.Recurrence and metastasis are the primary reasons for its poor prognosis.Growing evidence has proposed that lung cancer may be driven by cancer stem cells (CSCs), which may be responsible for the poor outcome of lung cancer.The resistance mechanisms of cancer stem cells include four aspects: high expression of the chemo-resistant efflux transporter ABC in CSCs populations, over-expression of ALDH, efficient DNA damage repair system, developmental pathway activation.The tolerance mechanism of CSCs was described to provide theoretical basis for clinical treatment and development of new anti-tumor drugs.

Changes in Air Temperature and Its Relation to Ambulance Transports Due to Heat Stroke in All 47 Prefectures of Japan / 예방의학회지

OBJECTIVES: Changes in air temperature and its relation to ambulance transports due to heat stroke in all 47 prefectures, in Japan were evaluated. METHODS: Data on air temperature were obtained from the Japanese Meteorological Agency. Data on ambulance transports due to heat stroke was directly obtained from the Fire and Disaster Management Agency, Japan. We also used the number of deaths due to heat stroke from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan, and population data from the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. Chronological changes in parameters of air temperature were analyzed. In addition, the relation between air temperature and ambulance transports due to heat stroke in August 2010 was also evaluated by using an ecological study. RESULTS: Positive and significant changes in the parameters of air temperature that is, the mean air temperature, mean of the highest air temperature, and mean of the lowest air temperature were noted in all 47 prefectures. In addition, changes in air temperature were accelerated when adjusted for observation years. Ambulance transports due to heat stroke was significantly correlated with air temperature in the ecological study. The highest air temperature was significantly linked to ambulance transports due to heat stroke, especially in elderly subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Global warming was demonstrated in all 47 prefectures in Japan. In addition, the higher air temperature was closely associated with higher ambulance transports due to heat stroke in Japan.